This dissertation proposes two novel medium voltage (MV) multilevel converter configurations
for use with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based megawatt
(MW) wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The classical control techniques, based on
linear PI regulators and low band-width modulation, present several technical issues during
lower switching frequency operation. To overcome these issues, a high performance finite
control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy is proposed to control the power
converters employed in the MW-PMSG-WECS.
The proposed three-level and four-level converters combine the advantages of proven wind
turbine technologies, such as low-cost generator-side passive converters, and efficient gridside
multilevel converters. The intermediate dc-dc multilevel converters ensure balancing
of the capacitor voltages during all operating conditions. With this feature, the grid-side
multilevel converters produce better grid current waveforms compared to the back-to-back
connected converters.
A generalized approach for the predictive control of an n-level diode-clamped converter
was investigated. The FCS-MPC strategy for current control and decoupled active/reactive
power regulation of grid-connected multilevel converters was also analyzed. The major WECS requirements such as maximum power point tracking, balancing of dc-link capacitor
voltages, switching frequency minimization, common-mode voltage mitigation, regulation
of net dc-bus voltage, and grid reactive power control have been modeled in terms of
power converter switching states. These control objectives have been accomplished during
each sampling interval by selecting the switching states which minimize the generator- and
grid-side cost functions.
Issues related to the weighting factors selection, control delay compensation, accurate
extrapolation of references, control of variable switching frequency nature, prediction of
variables over two samples with reduced computational burden, and robustness analysis, are
also addressed in this dissertation.
To keep the dc-bus voltage constant during low voltage ride-through operation, predictive
control scheme is proposed for the power converters while storing surplus energy in the
turbine-generator rotor inertia. The generation and exchange of reference control variables
during symmetrical grid voltage dips is suggested to meet the grid code requirements. The
proposed solution is efficient as no energy is dissipated in the dc-link crowbar.
The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed MV converters and predictive
control schemes.
The Energy Processing by Power Electronics and its Impact on Power Quality
