Ammonia and Methanol as Energy Carriers Towards 2060 The Long-Term Plan Strategy: A Comparative Perspective of China and Indonesia Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Tri Ligayanti ◽  
Raldi Hendro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
Management Optimization

The objective of this paper was to review China’s long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and to compare with Indonesia’s case in term of energy carriers such as Ammonia and Methanol. Topics regarding China and Indonesia's long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and strategy are important to be discussed because it will open up issues related to the role of primary energy, chemical-energy nexus and the blue energy economy supported by technology innovation, and political will. The energy-chemical nexus on the background of the Ammonia & Methanol industries are the largest sources of CO2 emissions in China, so it will contribute significantly to emission reductions from the energy transition to carbon neutral energy. From the efforts made by China, it can provide information and considerations to Indonesian policy makers and researchers on their efforts regarding resource management optimization to reconcile the tradeoffs on resources protection and development of socioeconomic as well as to ensure a sustainable system.ABSTRAKTujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk meninjau kebijakan netral karbon jangka panjang Tiongkok 2060 dan membandingkan dengan kasus Indonesia dalam hal pembawa energi seperti Amoniak dan Metanol. Topik mengenai kebijakan dan strategi jangka panjang karbon netral 2060 Tiongkok dan Indonesia penting untuk dibahas karena akan mengangkat isu terkait peran energi primer, perhubungan energi kimia dan ekonomi energi biru yang didukung oleh inovasi teknologi, dan kemauan politik. Hubungan energi-kimia di latarbelakangi industri Amoniak & Metanol adalah sumber emisi CO2 terbesar di Tiongkok, sehingga akan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan emisi dari transisi energi ke energi netral karbon. Dari upaya yang dilakukan oleh Tiongkok, dapat memberikan informasi dan pertimbangan kepada pembuat kebijakan dan peneliti Indonesia tentang upaya mereka mengenai optimalisasi pengelolaan sumber daya untuk mempertemukan timbal balik perlindungan sumber daya dan pengembangan sosial ekonomi serta untuk memastikan sistem yang berkelanjutan.

Policies for Financing the Energy Transition

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassia Yanosek
Keyword(s):  
Private Equity ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Clean Energy Policy

Historically, energy transitions have occurred gradually over the span of several decades, marked by incremental improvements in technologies. In recent years, public interest in accelerating the next energy transition has fueled a clean-energy policy agenda intended to underpin the development of a decarbonized energy economy. However, policies to date have encouraged investors to fund renewable energy projects utilizing proven technologies that are not competitive without the help of government subsidies. A true transition of the energy mix requires innovations that can compete with conventional energy over the long term. Investments in innovative technology projects are scarce because of the “commercialization gap,” which affects projects that are too capital-intensive for venture capital yet too risky for private equity, project, or corporate debt financing. Accelerating innovation through the commercialization gap will require governments to allocate public dollars to, and encourage private investment in, these riskier projects. Policy-makers will face a trade-off between prioritizing policies for accelerating the energy transition and accounting for the risks associated with innovation funding in a tight budgetary environment.

scholarly journals Energy Transition in Aviation: The Role of Cryogenic Fuels

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Arvind Gangoli Rao ◽  
Feijia Yin ◽  
Henri Werij
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Aviation is the backbone of our modern society. In 2019, around 4.5 billion passengers travelled through the air. However, at the same time, aviation was also responsible for around 5% of anthropogenic causes of global warming. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation sector in the short term is clearly very high, but the long-term effects are still unknown. However, with the increase in global GDP, the number of travelers is expected to increase between three- to four-fold by the middle of this century. While other sectors of transportation are making steady progress in decarbonizing, aviation is falling behind. This paper explores some of the various options for energy carriers in aviation and particularly highlights the possibilities and challenges of using cryogenic fuels/energy carriers such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).

scholarly journals Decomposing inequality in CO2 emissions: The role of primary energy carriers and economic sectors

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Grunewald ◽  
Michael Jakob ◽  
Ioanna Mouratiadou
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Energy Carriers

Integrated Coastal Management: The Role of Law and Lawyers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-522
Author(s):  
Brady Coleman ◽  
Robert Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Integrated Coastal Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Coastal Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Understanding

AbstractIntegrated coastal management (ICM) programmes are being planned, formulated and implemented in coastal States all over the world. To date, however, ICM has been seen as more in the realm of policy-makers, managers, scientists, coastal resource economists, and others, rather than in the realm of lawyers. This article reveals how law and lawyers should play an absolutely essential role at all stages of the ICM process. Ideally, ICM legal consultants will have a broad range of knowledge and experience in both international legal treaties as well as in certain fundamental national law principles, so that coastal zone policies will be designed and carried out with a critical understanding of the laws and institutions needed for the long-term success of an integrated coastal management programme.

scholarly journals The road to achieving the long-term Paris targets: energy transition and the role of direct air capture

2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Marcucci ◽  
Socrates Kypreos ◽  
Evangelos Panos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty and the mediating role of customer satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neale J. Slack ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Corporate Resources ◽  
Customer Satisfaction And Loyalty

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty and the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the supermarket sector.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 480 supermarket customers participated in an intercept survey in four urban centres of Fiji. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of service quality provided by supermarkets, and inferential statistics to determine the gap between customer's service quality expectations and perceptions and to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate service quality of supermarkets is perceived as being unsatisfactory, service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction and loyalty and customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty reducing customer's perceptions of service quality, leading to lower customer loyalty.Practical implicationsThis study provides an indication as to where supermarkets should target their marketing attention and scarce corporate resources and may help in their efforts to service, satisfy, retain and attract more long-term loyal customers in the increasingly competitive supermarket sector. This research could inform government policy makers in sequencing the supermarket sector transformation and assist local supermarkets to adapt to this changing retail landscape.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty and the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the supermarket sector.

The Role of Human Rights in Long-Term Sentencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
Marieke Liem ◽  
Jan Maarten Elbers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Shed Light

In recent decades, the number of long-term detainees held worldwide has increased significantly. Academics and policy makers have begun to challenge the widespread use and effectiveness of such severe sentences, however. This article aims to shed light on the role of human rights in imposing and executing long-term custodial sentences. There appears to be tension between ensuring that human rights are respected and provision of security through the incapacitation of offenders. This tension can only be understood properly in the context of contemporary risk-management associated with increased punitiveness.

Examining the role of commercial long-term care insurance in long-term care services

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-Wei Yu ◽  
Lu-Ming Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of commercial long-term care insurance (LTCI) in long-term care (LTC) services, and to elucidate the mediating roles of service quality and relationship satisfaction in the relationship between customization and loyalty. In addition, this study offers important recommendations for policy makers in formulating policy aimed at supporting the industry and regulating its customer relationships in life insurers in Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachStudy participants were policyholders of life insurance in Taiwan with experience in purchasing commercial LTCI. They were investigated through in-depth interviews and surveys. The hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis of variance.FindingsThe findings of this study are important for policy makers in formulating policy aimed at supporting the industry and regulating its customer relationships.Originality/valueThis study represents the first attempt to investigate the role of LTCI in LTC services in Taiwan. Likewise, this study improves our understanding of the main issues relating to the effect of customization on policyholder loyalty, and the partially mediating role of service quality and relationship satisfaction in the insurance marketing context.

scholarly journals Promoting the creation of Innovation Ecosystems: the case of the University of Porto

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Melo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
The University ◽  
Key Success Factor ◽  
Knowledge Valorisation

Universities are increasingly acting as promoters of innovation, economic growth and regional development, a trend that has attracted the attention of both policy makers and researchers. The objective of this paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of higher education institutions as dynamic promoters of growth and development. The University of Porto is used as a case study to explore how universities can act as innovation ecosystems leaders and integrators. The main contributions of the paper are threefold. First, the case puts in evidence a key success factor: the talent to transform the knowledge produced by universities into valuable solutions for companies and other organisations. Second, links between universities and industry must assume a long-term and relational nature rather than an intermittent and transactional character. Finally, the success of university-based ecosystems depends on the integration of a diversity of actors, resources and competences. This means that a sustainable strategy of innovation and knowledge valorisation requires an approach that fosters both internal and external networking.

scholarly journals Alkali-activated materials: the role of molecular-scale research and lessons from the energy transition to combat climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire White
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alternative (i.e., non-Portland) cements, such as alkali-activated materials, have gained significant interest from the scientific community due to their proven CO2 savings compared with Portland cement together with known short-term performance properties. However, the concrete industry remains dominated by Portland cement-based concrete. This Letter explores the technical and non-technical hurdles preventing implementation of an alternative cement, such as alkali-activated materials, in the concrete industry and discusses how these hurdles can be overcome. Specifically, it is shown that certain technical hurdles, such as a lack of understanding how certain additives affect setting of alkali-activated materials (and Portland cement) and the absence of long-term in-field performance data of these sustainable cements, can be mitigated via the use of key molecular- and nano-scale experimental techniques to elucidate dominant material characteristics, including those that control long-term performance. In the second part of this Letter the concrete industry is compared and contrasted with the electricity generation industry, and specifically the transition from one dominant technology (i.e., coal) to a diverse array of energy sources including renewables. It is concluded that financial incentives and public advocacy (akin to advocacy for renewables in the energy sector) would significantly enhance uptake of alternative cements in the concrete industry.

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