Hydroponic Effectiveness of Kana Flower, Apu Wood and Coffee Grounds in Domestic Greywater Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
Nisa Nurhidayanti ◽  
Dodit Ardiatma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Private University ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Carbon Filter

Pelita Bangsa University is a developing private university in Bekasi Regency with an increasing number of students every year. The problem with the increasing number of students causes the domestic waste water produced to also increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydroponic effectiveness of Kana Flower and Apu wood and coffee grounds in reducing BOD, TSS, Oil and Fat of domestic greywater waste. The stages of the research method began with making activated charcoal from coffee grounds, taking wastewater samples, testing wastewater, acclimatizing plants, range finding tests, testing phytoreactors with activated carbon filters, and continuing with data analysis. The results of testing the parameters of domestic greywater waste with an activated carbon filter from coffee grounds for seven days obtained a final value of TSS <2.5 mg/l, BOD 23 mg/l, Oil and Fat of <0.1 mg/l, pH 7.61 and TDS of 286 ppm. The test results have met the quality standards for domestic wastewater according to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2016. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of several parameters from the phytoremediation process with activated carbon filters from coffee grounds was a decrease in TSS of 98.20%, BOD 76.04%, oil and fat 0%, pH 0.39% and TDS 29.03%.

The Effectiveness of Reducing Ammonia Content Using Phytoremediation Methods in Domestic Waste of Pelita Bangsa University

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201
Author(s):  
Nisa Nurhidayanti ◽  
Nadya Ulfani Sara
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Private University ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter

Pelita Bangsa University is a private university with an increasing number of students every academic year. The increase in the number of students causes an increase in the amount of domestic waste generated. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of reducing Ammonia content in Pelita Bangsa University Domestic Waste by phytoremediation method using Apu Wood (Pistia stratiotes L.) and Kana Flower (Canna Indica) as well as the use of coffee grounds as activated carbon. The first step in this research is the manufacture of activated carbon from coffee grounds. The next step is to take samples of the Pelita Bangsa University domestic waste test. The test samples were brought to the laboratory, and the Ammonia parameter was tested to determine the initial concentration of the waste. Then the next step is the acclimatization process of plants and then continued with the Range Finding Test process. After that, the waste treatment process is carried out with a phytoreactor. Furthermore, the waste from the phytoreactor processing is taken to the laboratory for testing the ammonia parameters. The last step is to analyze the test results data. Based on the results of laboratory tests, the ammonia content after the phytoremediation process with and without a filter is <0.1 mg/L with the effectiveness of reducing the ammonia concentration by 97.10% with the addition of coffee grounds activated carbon filter and 96.7% for the use of the phytoremediation method without filters.

scholarly journals Validation of chemotherapy drug vapor containment of an air cleaning closed-system drug transfer device

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110306
Author(s):  
Galit Levin ◽  
Paul JM Sessink
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Drug Transfer ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
No Release ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter ◽  
Transfer Device

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of ChemfortTM, an air filtration closed-system drug transfer device to prevent release of chemotherapy drug vapors and aerosols under extreme conditions. The air cleaning system is based on the adsorption of drug vapors by an activated carbon filter in the Vial Adaptor before the air is released out of the drug vial. The functionality of the carbon filter was also tested at the end of device’s shelf life, and after a contact period with drug vapors for 7 days. Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were the chemotherapy drugs tested. Methods The Vial Adaptor was attached to a drug vial and both were placed in a glass vessel. A needle was punctured through the vessel stopper and the Vial Adaptor septum to allow nitrogen gas to flow into the vial and to exit the vial via the air filter into the glass vessel which was connected to a cold trap. Potential contaminated surfaces in the trap system were wiped or rinsed to collect the escaped drug. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were detected on most surfaces inside the trap system for all Vial Adaptors without an activated carbon filter. Contamination did not differ between the Vial Adaptors with and without membrane filter indicating no effect of the membrane filter. The results show no release of either drug for the Vial Adaptors with an activated carbon filter even after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors. Conclusions Validation of air cleaning CSTDs is important to secure vapor and aerosol containment of chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs. The presented test method has proven to be appropriate for the validation of ChemfortTM Vial Adaptors. No release of cyclophosphamide and 5- fluorouracil was found even for Vial Adaptors after 3 years of simulated aging and 7 days of exposure to drug vapors.

Enhancement of nuclease P1 production by Penicillium citrinum YL104 immobilized on activated carbon filter sponge

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Hengfei Ren ◽  
Zhenjian Li ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Xinchi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Nuclease P1 ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter

Radioanalytical methods for sequential analysis of actinide isotopes in activated carbon filter-bed waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 (3) ◽  
pp. 1559-1568
Author(s):  
Bianca Geraldo ◽  
Leandro Goulart de Araujo ◽  
Roberto Vicente ◽  
Maria Helena Tirollo Taddei ◽  
Sandra Maria Cheberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Radioanalytical Methods ◽  
Carbon Filter

Biological Contamination Control of Activated Carbon Filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127
Author(s):  
Pei Chao Jian ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Activated Carbon Filter ◽  
Carbon Filter

Activated carbon filter is often used as the pretreatment process of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane system, especially when the content of organics and free chlorine in influent water is high. However, a lot of microorganisms often rapidly reproduce in the activated carbon filter after continuous operation, resulting in a large number of bacteria in the effluent. So when the activated carbon filter was used as pretreatment of membrane systems, membrane fouling caused by biological contamination often occurred. The objective of this paper was to discuss how to effectively control the activated carbon biological contamination. Three different control methods—water backwashing, hot alkali treatment and ultrasound treatment were compared. Results showed that ultrasound treatment was the most effective. A relatively high removal efficiency of biomass (above 90%) was obtained when 40 kHz ultrasound was applied at 90 W for 20 min. Bacterial count in the effluent can be decreased from 3.90×104CFU•mL-1 to 8.5×103CFU•mL-1. After 3 days of continuous operation, bacteria count increased from 8.5×103CFU•mL-1 to 4.06×104CFU•mL-1. After ultrasound treatment, the removal efficiency of CODCr increased from -386.3% to 73.8%.

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