scholarly journals Jesus and the Bulldozer: Religion, Suburbanization, and Urban Renewal in a New Jersey Camp Meeting Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Samuel Avery-Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
Camp Meeting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gloucester County ◽  
Black Towns

The history of suburbanization in New Jersey is a well-established topic in the scholarly literature. Since the middle decades of the nineteenth century, the state’s northeastern and southwestern areas have become dense with suburban communities tied, culturally and economically, to New York City or Philadelphia. By the early twentieth century, these areas were a mix of middle-class white enclaves, Black towns, immigrant and working-class communities, agricultural hamlets, and industrial suburbs. However, in the late nineteenth century, some suburbs emerged as religious retreats. This article explores how suburbanization and, by the 1960s, urban renewal, transformed the Gloucester County borough of Pitman’s landscape. Founded in 1871 as a Methodist camp meeting resort, the history of Pitman demonstrates ways that religion complemented suburbanization, and suburbanization, amid religious decline and secularization, reshaped the religious landscape of one South Jersey community.

The Modernities of H. Lawrence Freeman

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-779
Author(s):  
David Gutkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Black Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
White Press ◽  
Grand Opera

H. Lawrence Freeman's “Negro Jazz Grand Opera,” Voodoo, was premiered in 1928 in Manhattan's Broadway district. Its reception bespoke competing, racially charged values that underpinned the idea of the “modern” in the 1920s. The white press critiqued the opera for its allegedly anxiety-ridden indebtedness to nineteenth-century European conventions, while the black press hailed it as the pathbreaking work of a “pioneer composer.” Taking the reception history of Voodoo as a starting point, this article shows how Freeman's lifelong project, the creation of what he would call “Negro Grand Opera,” mediated between disparate and sometimes apparently irreconcilable figurations of the modern that spanned the late nineteenth century through the interwar years: Wagnerism, uplift ideology, primitivism, and popular music (including, but not limited to, jazz). I focus on Freeman's inheritance of a worldview that could be called progressivist, evolutionist, or, to borrow a term from Wilson Moses, civilizationist. I then trace the complex relationship between this mode of imagining modernity and subsequent versions of modernism that Freeman engaged with during the first decades of the twentieth century. Through readings of Freeman's aesthetic manifestos and his stylistically syncretic musical corpus I show how ideas about race inflected the process by which the qualitatively modern slips out of joint with temporal modernity. The most substantial musical analysis examines leitmotivic transformations that play out across Freeman's jazz opera American Romance (1924–29): lions become subways; Mississippi becomes New York; and jazz, like modernity itself, keeps metamorphosing. A concluding section considers a broader set of questions concerning the historiography of modernism and modernity.

Theodore H. Friedgut, Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America: Identity Transitions in the New Odessa Jewish Commune, Odessa, Oregon, New York, 1881–1891, together with Israel Mandelkern, Recollections of a Communist (ed. and annotated Theodore H. Friedgut). Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2014. 199 pp.

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Identity Transitions ◽  
Israeli Kibbutz

This chapter reviews the book Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America: Identity Transitions in the New Odessa Jewish Commune, Odessa, Oregon, New York, 1881–1891 (2014), by Theodore H. Friedgut, together with Israel Mandelkern, Recollections of a Communist (edited and annotated by Theodore H. Friedgut). Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America is a two-in-one volume that explores an obscure episode in the history of the Jews in the late nineteenth century while at the same time connecting much of its content to the author’s own life experience as a son of western Canada’s Jewish farming colonies and, later, as an ideologically driven halutz on an Israeli kibbutz. Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America retells one branch of the mostly forgotten history of the Am Olam agricultural movement and brings a new layer into the discussion of global Jewish agrarianism, while Recollections of a Communist offers an edited and annotated version of a memoir written by Mandelkern.

Cities of Zion

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-66
Author(s):  
Samuel Avery-Quinn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Camp Meeting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the late nineteenth century, camp meeting towns were a common feature of the American landscape. The boards of Methodist ministers and laity overseeing these towns adopted management and planning strategies drawn from movements for romantic suburbs, sanitary reform, and urban parks. The strategies these Methodists adopted represent a practice of vernacular planning crafted decades before the professionalization of the discipline in the United States. Analysis of the planning history of two sites—Ocean Grove, NJ, and Round Lake, NY—reveals factors shaping this development of Methodistic town planning.

Editorial Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Editors of the JIOWS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Shed Light

The editors are proud to present the first issue of the fourth volume of the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies. This issue contains three articles, by James Francis Warren (Murdoch University), Kelsey McFaul (University of California, Santa Cruz), and Marek Pawelczak (University of Warsaw), respectively. Warren’s and McFaul’s articles take different approaches to the growing body of work that discusses pirates in the Indian Ocean World, past and present. Warren’s article is historical, exploring the life and times of Julano Taupan in the nineteenth-century Philippines. He invites us to question the meaning of the word ‘pirate’ and the several ways in which Taupan’s life has been interpreted by different European colonists and by anti-colonial movements from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. McFaul’s article, meanwhile, takes a literary approach to discuss the much more recent phenomenon of Somali Piracy, which reached its apex in the last decade. Its contribution is to analyse the works of authors based in the region, challenging paradigms that have mostly been developed from analysis of works written in the West. Finally, Pawelczak’s article is a legal history of British jurisdiction in mid-late nineteenth-century Zanzibar. It examines one of the facets that underpinned European influence in the western Indian Ocean World before the establishment of colonial rule. In sum, this issue uses two key threads to shed light on the complex relationships between European and other Western powers and the Indian Ocean World.

Five Centuries of Spanish Literature: From the Cid Through the Golden Age. An Anthology Selected and Edited for Students of Spanish by Linton Lomas Barrett. New York — Toronto, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1962; An Outline History of Spanish American Literature, Third Edition, Englekirk, Leonard, Reid and Crow. New York, Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1965; Lecturas Intermedias: Prosas Y Poesias, Anderson, Davison, Smith. New York, Harper & Row, 1965; Los Duendes Deterministas Y Otors Cuentos, Enrique Anderson Imbert, Edited by John Y. Falconieri. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965; Hoy Es Fiesta, Antonio Buero Vallejo. Edited by J. E. Lyon, With Vocabulary by K. S. B. Croft. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964; Voces Españolas de Hoy, Edited by Duran and Alvarez. New York, Harcourt, Brace & World (Toronto, Longmans Canada), 1965; Selecciones (Textes Espagnols À L’usage Des Canadiens-Français; Spanish Readings for English-Canadian Students), S. Fielden-Briggs. Montreal, Beauchemin, 1965; Cuentos Americanos de Nuestros Dias: Ten Spanish American Short Stories, Edited by Jean Franco. London, Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965; La España Moderna Vista Y Sentida Por Los Españoles, Edited by Thomas R. Hart and Oarlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966; Don Brazazo de La Carretera: An Elementary Spanish Reader, Richard Musman. London, G. Bell and Sons (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964; Ortega Y Gasset: Sus Mejores Paginas, Edited by Manuel Durán. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966; de Cela a Castillo-Navarro: Veinte Años de Prosa Española Contemporanea, Edited by Carlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965; Palabras Modernas, J. R. Jump. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965;Five Centuries of Spanish Literature : From the Cid Through the Golden Age. An Anthology Selected and Edited for Students of Spanish by Linton Lomas Barrett. New York — Toronto, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1962. Pp. x, 352.An Outline History of Spanish American Literature, Third Edition, Englekirk, Leonard, Reid and Crow. New York, Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1965. Pp. xiii, 252. $2.95.Lecturas Intermedias: Prosas y Poesias, Anderson, Davison, Smith. New York, Harper & Row, 1965. Pp. x, 333. (Plus Instructor’s Manual, 75 pages.)Los Duendes Deterministas y Otors Cuentos, Enrique Anderson Imbert, Edited by John Y. Falconieri. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965, Pp. ix, 192. $3.75.Hoy Es Fiesta, Antonio Buero Vallejo. Edited by J. E. Lyon, with vocabulary by K. S. B. Croft. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964, Pp. 192. $2.25.Voces Españolas de Hoy, edited by Duran and Alvarez. New York, Harcourt, Brace & World (Toronto, Longmans Canada), 1965. Pp. vili, 216. $3.25.Selecciones (textes espagnols à l’usage des canadiens-français; Spanish readings for English-Canadian Students), S. Fielden-Briggs. Montreal, Beauchemin, 1965. Pp. 149.Cuentos Americanos de Nuestros Dias: Ten Spanish American Short Stories, edited by Jean Franco. London, Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965. Pp. 179. $2.55.La España Moderna Vista y Sentida por Los Españoles, edited by Thomas R. Hart and Oarlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pp. xiii, 341. $5.95.Don Brazazo de la Carretera: An Elementary Spanish Reader, Richard Musman. London, G. Bell and Sons (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1964. Pp. 96. $0.95.Ortega y Gasset: SUS Mejores Paginas, edited by Manuel Durán. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pp. vi, 250. $3.95.De Cela a Castillo-Navarro: Veinte Años de Prosa Española Contemporanea, edited by Carlos Rojas. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1965. Pp. ix, 213. $2.95.Palabras Modernas, J. R. Jump. London, George G. Harrap (Toronto, Clarke, Irwin), 1965. Pp. 85. $1.10.

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
J. H. P.
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Antonio Buero Vallejo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carlos Rojas ◽  
English Canadian

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Yaari
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter examines the lack of continuous tradition of the art of the theatre in the history of Jewish culture. Theatre as art and institution was forbidden for Jews during most of their history, and although there were plays written in different times and places during the past centuries, no tradition of theatre evolved in Jewish culture until the middle of the nineteenth century. In view of this absence, the author discusses the genesis of Jewish theatre in Eastern Europe and in Eretz-Yisrael (The Land of Israel) since the late nineteenth century, encouraged by the Jewish Enlightenment movement, the emergence of Jewish nationalism, and the rebirth of Hebrew as a language of everyday life. Finally, the chapter traces the development of parallel strands of theatre that preceded the Israeli theatre and shadowed the emergence of the political infrastructure of the future State of Israel.

Schopenhauer’s Pessimism in Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Mark Migotti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

In this chapter, the author attempts to establish what is philosophically living and what is philosophically dead in Schopenhauer’s pessimism. Against the background of the intriguing the history of the terms “optimism” and “pessimism”—in debates about Leibniz’s theodicy in the early eighteenth century and the popularity of Schopenhauer in the late nineteenth century, respectively—the author points up the distinction between affirming life, which all living beings do naturally, and subscribing to philosophical optimism (or pessimism), which is possible only for reflective beings like us. Next, the author notes the significance of Schopenhauer’s claim that optimism is a necessary condition of theism and explains its bearing on his pessimistic argument for the moral unacceptability of suicide. The chapter concludes that Schopenhauer’s case for pessimism is not conclusive, but instructive; his dim view of the prospects for leading a truly rewarding, worthwhile human life draws vivid attention to important questions about how and to what degree an atheistic world can nevertheless be conducive to human flourishing.

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