scholarly journals Differential expression of Arabidopsis EJC core proteins under short-day and long-day growth conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annapurna Sahoo ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Core Protein ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Exon Junction ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Functional Nature ◽  
Physiological Pathways

Exon junction complexes (EJCs) associate with mRNAs, mediate the pre-mRNA splicing and eventually gets displaced by ribosomes during the initial phase of translation. EJCs are involved in several critical physiological pathways. The functional nature of EJCs and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) still needs to be elucidated particularly in case of plants. Here, we report that the putative core protein factors of the EJC differentially express under short-day and long-day conditions. Since, plants are constantly exposed to biotic and abiotic factor(s), it would be significant to see how the EJCs respond to different stress inducing conditions. The protein levels of EJC core proteins under short-day conditions were 1.25 times higher relative to the protein levels under long-day conditions. Similar results were observed for the mRNA transcripts of the EJC core protein factors. These results signify that under short-day conditions, the EJC proteins are more activated and might be involved in few events which are yet to be revealed.

Control of torpor and body weight patterns by a seasonal timer in Siberian hamsters

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. R142-R149 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bartness ◽  
J. A. Elliott ◽  
B. D. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Preparatory Phase ◽  
Pelage Color ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Two experiments were designed to assess whether the short-day-induced patterns of shallow daily torpor, body weight, and other seasonal responses (food intake and pelage pigmentation) exhibited by Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) are under the control of a "seasonal timekeeping mechanism" that is independent of reproductive status [testosterone, (T)]. We examined whether the patterning and expression of these seasonal responses were altered by decreases in serum T that accompany gonadal regression during the first 8 wk of short-day exposure (i.e., the "preparatory phase" of the torpor season) or by experimental increases in serum T after this phase. Short-day-housed, castrated hamsters bearing T implants had long-day levels of the hormone and did not exhibit torpor. Appropriate seasonal patterns and levels of torpor, body weight, pelage color stage, and food intake were exhibited after T implant removal although serum T was clamped to long-day levels during the preparatory phase. In animals that were gonad intact during the preparatory phase and were subsequently castrated and given T implants, torpor did not occur as long as the implants were in place. However, the patterns and levels of daily torpor, food intake, and body weight rapidly returned to appropriate seasonal values compared with the castrated, blank-implanted controls on T implant removal; these effects occurred whether the T implants were removed when torpor frequency was increasing, at its peak, or decreasing across the torpor season. T did not affect pelage color stage under any condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Flavonol 7-O-Glucoside Herbacitrin Inhibits HIV-1 Replication through Simultaneous Integrase and Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Áy ◽  
Attila Hunyadi ◽  
Mária Mezei ◽  
János Minárovits ◽  
Judit Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Antiretroviral Activity

Here we report the evaluation of the antiretroviral effect of two flavonoid 7-O-glucosides, herbacitrin (1) and gossypitrin (2), together with quercetin (3), a well-studied flavonol. Antiviral activity of the flavonoids was assessed by analyzing HIV-1 p24 core protein levels in the supernatants of HIV-1 infected MT-4 and MT-2 cell cultures. The compounds showed mild to weak cytotoxic activities on the host cells; herbacitrin was the strongest in this regard (CC50=27.8 and 63.64 μM on MT-4 and MT-2 cells, respectively). In nontoxic concentrations, herbacitrin and quercetin reduced HIV-1 replication, whereas gossypitrin was ineffective. Herbacitrin was found to inhibit reverse transcriptase at 21.5 μM, while it was a more potent integrase inhibitor already active at 2.15 μM. Therefore, our observations suggest that herbacitrin exerts antiretroviral activity through simultaneously acting on these two targets of HIV-1 and that integrase inhibition might play a major role in this activity.

Cessation of Long Day Melatonin Rhythms Time Puberty in a Short Day Breeder*

Endocrinology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS L. FOSTER ◽  
FRANCIS J. P. EBLING ◽  
LEE E. CLAYPOOL ◽  
CELIA J. I. WOODFILL
Keyword(s):  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

Transcriptomic analysis of Allium sativum uncovers putative genes involved in photoperiodic pathway and hormone signaling under long day and short day conditions

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111095
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Somia Khursheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽  
Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
Zahera Akkeh ◽  
Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽  
AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B viral core proteins with an N-terminal extension can assemble into core-like particles but cannot be enveloped

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2647-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ka-Wai Hui ◽  
Yong Shyang Yi ◽  
Szecheng J. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Transfection Medium ◽  
Cscl Gradient

The structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsids has been revealed in great detail by cryoelectron microscopy. How nucleocapsids interact with surface antigens to form enveloped virions remains unknown. In this study, core mutants with N-terminal additions were created to address two questions: (1) can these mutant core proteins still form nucleocapsids and (2) if so, can the mutant nucleocapsids interact with surface antigens to form virion-like particles. One plasmid encoding an extra stretch of 23 aa, including six histidine residues, fused to the N terminus of the core protein (designated HisC183) was expressed in Escherichia coli and detected by Western blot. CsCl gradient and electron microscopy analyses indicated that HisC183 could self-assemble into nucleocapsids. When HisC183 or another similar N-terminal fusion core protein (designated FlagC183) was co-expressed with a core-negative plasmid in human hepatoma cells, both mutant core proteins self-assembled into nucleocapsids. These particles also retained kinase activity. Using an endogenous polymerase assay, a fill-in HBV DNA labelled with isotope was obtained from intracellular nucleocapsids formed by mutant cores. In contrast, no such signal was detected from the transfection medium, which was consistent with PCR and Southern blot analyses. Results indicate that core mutants with N-terminal extensions can form nucleocapsids, but are blocked during the envelopment process and cannot form secreted virions. The mutant nucleocapsids generated from this work should facilitate further study on how nucleocapsids interact with surface antigens.

scholarly journals Photocontrol of Flowering and Extension Growth in the Long-day Plant Pansy

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Minimal Extension ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Light Duration

Plastics that selectively reduce the transmission of far-red light (FR, 700 to 800 nm) reduce extension growth of many floricultural crops. However, FR-deficient (FRd) environments delay flowering in some long-day plants (LDPs), including `Crystal Bowl Yellow' pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams). Our objective was to determine if FR light could be added to an otherwise FRd environment to facilitate flowering with minimal extension growth. In one experiment, plants were grown under a 16-hour FRd photoperiod, and FR-rich light was added during portions of the day or night. For comparison, plants were also grown with a 9-hour photoperiod [short-day (SD) control] or under a neutral (N) filter with a 16-hour photoperiod (long day control). Flowering was promoted most (i.e., percent of plants that flowered increased and time to flower decreased) when FR-rich light was added during the entire 16-hour photoperiod, during the last 4 hours of the photoperiod, or during the first or second 4 hours after the end of the photoperiod. In a separate experiment, pansy was grown under an FRd or N filter with a 9-hour photoperiod plus 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours of night interruption (NI) lighting that delivered a red (R, 600 to 700 nm) to FR ratio of 0.56 (low), 1.28 (moderate), or 7.29 (high). Under the N filter, the minimum NI duration that increased percent flowering was 2 hours with a moderate or low R:FR and 4 hours with a high R:FR. Under the FRd filter, 2 or 4 hours of NI lighting with a moderate or low R:FR, respectively, was required to increase percent flowering, but a 4-hour NI with a high R:FR failed to promote flowering. Pansy appears to be day-neutral with respect to flower initiation and a quantitative LDP with respect to flower development. The promotion of reproductive development was related linearly to the promotion of extension growth. Therefore, it appears that in LDPs such as pansy, light duration and quality concomitantly promote extension growth and flowering, and cannot readily be separated with lighting strategies.

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