scholarly journals The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion on some biological parameters of the ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Amin ASADI ◽  
Jaber KARIMI ◽  
Habib ABBASIPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Male Production ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Adult Wasp ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Different Growth Stages

<em><em></em></em><p>The ectoparasitoid wasp, <em>Habrobracon hebetor</em> (Say, 1836) (Hym.: Braconidae) is one of the most important natural enemies of many pests in Iran. In this study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of malathion (LC<sub>10</sub> and LC<sub>25</sub>) on biological parameters of the adult wasp including parasitism percentage, male production and longevity of the parasitoid in different growth stages (larvae, pupae and adult) were investigated. The experiments were conducted at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5 % RH, and 16L:8D h photoperiods. The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion on adults was determined by exposure of wasp to insecticide, and in the case of larvae and pupae, immersion method was used. Based on the results, with the increase of toxic dose, the percentage of parasitism in adult decreased from 95.6 5% to 87.78 %, compared to the control treatment. Male production increased from 22.73 % in control to 56.38 % at LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. Also, the percentage of parasitism of the malathion-impregnated wasp larvae decreased from 87.78 to 22.92%, compared to the control treatment. Male production from 30.94 % in the control increased to 39.63 % at the LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. In addition, the percentage of parasitism in the wasp pupae impregnated with malathion was reduced from 93.33 to 88.89 %, respectively. Male production increased from 22.98 in the control to 37.23 % in the LC<sub>25</sub> concentration. The data showed that pupae were more susceptible to sublethal concentrations than the larvae.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHEPHON CONCENTRATION AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF WHEAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Naqeeb & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Different Growth Stages

An experiments were carried out at the field of Crops Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study effect of foliar stages and concentrations of ethephon on some growth traits and the yield of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The main plots were spray ethephon with four stages according to Zadok's scale which is: one leaf throught the sheath (ZGS10), three leaves unfolded stage (ZGS13), elongation stage (ZGS30) and flag leaf ligue visible (ZGS39), and the sub-plots was ethephon spray with three concentrations (0.400, 0.600 and 0.800) Kg.ha-1 in addition to control treatment. The results showed that ZGS13 gave lowest mean for height plant (90.47 and 92.80) cm, while ZGS30 was superior in number of tillers (493.61 and 535.35) tiller.m-2, percentage of tillers carried of spike (78.83 and 81.21, number of spikes (389.64 and 636.80) spike.m-2, grain yield (4.07 and 4.32) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.29 and 11.59)ton.ha-1 and harvest index (36.03 and 37.26)% for both seasons, respectively. Also, the results showed that 0.800 Kg.ha-1 produced lowest means for height plant (77.91 and 86.25) cm and lodging index (3.65 and 2.75), and this treatment (0.800 mg.L-1) gave highest means for number of tillers (499.22 and 540.99) tiller.m-2, percentage of tillers carried of spike (78.88 and 78.15)%, number of spikes (393.84 and 423.91) spike.m-2, grain yield (4.14 and 4.12) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.47 and 11.70)ton.ha-1 and harvest index (36.11 and 37.62)% for both seasons, respectively. The interaction between ZGS30 and 0.400 Kg.ha-1ethephon gave highest percentage of tillers carried of spike (80.96%) in the first season only.     

scholarly journals Effect of pyrene-induced changes in root activity on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), and the health risks caused by pyrene in Chinese cabbage at different growth stages

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Yang ◽  
Zhengyi Hu ◽  
Yuexian Liu ◽  
Xiaofan Xie ◽  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pyrene Concentration ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a potential risk to ecological safety and human health. They have a range of effects on plant growth and there have been few reports on the health risks associated with ingestion of vegetable crops at different growth stages. Methodology In this study, a pot experiment in which Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were grown in a greenhouse for 75 days was used to investigate the dose–effect relationship of pyrene with plant growth and also the exposure risk for adults of ingestion of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages. Results The results showed that low doses of pyrene (5–45 mg kg−1) promoted plant growth (20–220% and 55–97% higher than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively), but significant inhibition was observed at a high dose (405 mg kg−1) (41–66% and 43–91% lower than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively). High doses of pyrene reduced soil bacterial abundance and diversity during the growth of Chinese cabbage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plant. The effects of pyrene on plant biomass were mainly attributed to changes in root activity induced by pyrene, as the relationship between soil pyrene concentration and biomass was similar to that between soil pyrene concentration and root activity. Furthermore, structural equation modeling analysis showed that pyrene altered growth of the vegetable by directly affecting root activity. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for adults is highest for ingestion of Chinese cabbage at the seedling stage, followed in decreasing order by the rosette stages and heading stages. Conclusions The health risk of consumers who have the possibility to ingest the Chinese cabbage planted in pyrene-contaminated soil would be decreased with the increasing growth periods. However, further studies are required to confirm the dose–effect relationship between pyrene concentration and Chinese cabbage growth on a field scale. Graphical Abstract

Cytokinins from terminal buds of Euphoria longana during different growth stages

1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Wen-Shaw Chen ◽  
Kuang-Liang Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Ching Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Effects of Meteorological Factors at Different Growth Stages on Yield Traits of Maize (Zea maysL.) in Heilonggang Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo MING ◽  
Jin-Cheng ZHU ◽  
Hong-Bin TAO ◽  
Li-Na XU ◽  
Bu-Qing GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Label3DMaize: toolkit for 3D point cloud data annotation of maize shoots

GigaScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Miao ◽  
Weiliang Wen ◽  
Yinglun Li ◽  
Sheng Wu ◽  
Chao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Data Annotation ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Point Cloud Segmentation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background The 3D point cloud is the most direct and effective data form for studying plant structure and morphology. In point cloud studies, the point cloud segmentation of individual plants to organs directly determines the accuracy of organ-level phenotype estimation and the reliability of the 3D plant reconstruction. However, highly accurate, automatic, and robust point cloud segmentation approaches for plants are unavailable. Thus, the high-throughput segmentation of many shoots is challenging. Although deep learning can feasibly solve this issue, software tools for 3D point cloud annotation to construct the training dataset are lacking. Results We propose a top-to-down point cloud segmentation algorithm using optimal transportation distance for maize shoots. We apply our point cloud annotation toolkit for maize shoots, Label3DMaize, to achieve semi-automatic point cloud segmentation and annotation of maize shoots at different growth stages, through a series of operations, including stem segmentation, coarse segmentation, fine segmentation, and sample-based segmentation. The toolkit takes ∼4–10 minutes to segment a maize shoot and consumes 10–20% of the total time if only coarse segmentation is required. Fine segmentation is more detailed than coarse segmentation, especially at the organ connection regions. The accuracy of coarse segmentation can reach 97.2% that of fine segmentation. Conclusion Label3DMaize integrates point cloud segmentation algorithms and manual interactive operations, realizing semi-automatic point cloud segmentation of maize shoots at different growth stages. The toolkit provides a practical data annotation tool for further online segmentation research based on deep learning and is expected to promote automatic point cloud processing of various plants.

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