scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of Object Relation Scale: Factor Structure and Relationship to Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-624
Author(s):  
Masayo Uji ◽  
Makiko Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Best Fit

Background: Object Relations Scale (ORS: Iume, Hirai, Aoki & Baba, 2006) was developed for accessing an individual’s object relation pattern. It consists of five domains: Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, Egoistic Manipulation, Excessive Need for Identification, and Abandonment Anxiety. However, its factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is still undetermined. Purpose: This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of ORS, in particular, confirming its factor structure using CFA, and examining the relationship of object relation maturity, to mental health as well as to psychological distress. Methods: The subjects of this study were 547 medical college students in Japan. CFA were conducted in order to determine the best fit model. The relationships of maturity level of one’s object relation pattern to his/her mental health as well as psychological distresses were examined by t-tests. Results: A four-factor model, a modified version of the original five-factor model showed the best fit. Among the four factors, three were those included in the original model. They were Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, and Abandonment Anxiety. The last factor consisted of items originally included in the remaining two factors, Egotistic Manipulation and Excessive Need for Identification. Each ORS subscale score positively correlated with that of mental health problems as well as those of psychological distresses of one or more domains at significant levels. Conclusion: The four-factor model, which does not necessarily negate the original five-factor model proposed by Iume et al., showed the best fit. Immaturity and instability in object relation relationship contributed to a variety of distresses as well as poor mental health.

scholarly journals Dimensions of neighborhood tracts and their associations with mental health problems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Forthman ◽  
Hung-wen Yeh ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Martin P. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Dimensional Assessment

AbstractObjectiveNeighborhood characteristics can have profound effects on resident health. The aim of this study was to use an unsupervised learning approach to reduce the multi-dimensional assessment of a neighborhood using American Community Survey (ACS) data to simplify the assessment of neighborhood influence on health.MethodMultivariate quantitative characterization of the neighborhood was derived by performing a factor analysis on the 2011-2015 ACS data. The utility of the latent variables was examined by determining the association of these factors with poor mental health measures from the 500 Cities Project 2017 release.ResultsA five-factor model provided the best fit for the data and the latent factors quantified the following characteristics of the census tract: (1) affluence, (2) proportion of singletons in neighborhood, (3) proportion of African-Americans in neighborhood, (4) proportion of seniors in neighborhood, and (5) proportion of noncitizens in neighborhood. African-Americans (R2 = 0.67) in neighborhood and Affluence (R2 = 0.83) were strongly associated with poor mental health.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the importance of this factor model in future research focused on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and resident health.

scholarly journals Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire: Factor structure and psychometric properties.

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467
Author(s):  
José Miguel Latorre Postigo ◽  
Marta Nieto López ◽  
María Antonia Font Payeras ◽  
Laura Ros Segura ◽  
Jesús Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency

La evitación cognitiva se refiere a las estrategias y esfuerzos dirigidos a prevenir experiencias negativas y eventos aversivos que provocan ansiedad. El presente estudio analizó la estructura factorial y las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Cuestionario de evitación cognitiva (CAQ; Sexton & Dugas, 2008), un instrumento que evalúa cinco estrategias de evitación cognitiva relacionadas con la preocupación. La traducción al español se administró a una muestra no clínica de 614 participantes (18-82 años). La escala total y las subescalas mostraron una consistencia interna de buena a excelente. Utilizando el análisis factorial confirmatorio, un modelo de cinco factores mostró un buen ajuste entre la estructura teórica y los datos empíricos. Se obtuvo evidencia de validez convergente y discriminante a través del análisis de las correlaciones del cuestionario con medidas de preocupación, supresión del pensamiento, rumiación y estilos de afrontamiento. Los resultados arrojaron datos preliminares satisfactorios sobre la adaptación española del CAQ, que podría proporcionar mayores avances en la práctica clínica y la investigación sobre procesos cognitivos y trastornos de ansiedad. Cognitive avoidance refers to strategies and efforts toward prevention of aversive experiences and events that provoke anxiety. The present study analyzed the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ; Sexton & Dugas, 2008), an instrument that assesses five worry-related cognitive avoidance strategies. The Spanish translation was administered to a non-clinical sample of 614 participants (18-82 years). The total scale and subscales showed good to excellent internal consistency. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a five-factor model showed a good fit between the theoretical structure and the empirical data. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was obtained through analysis of the correlations of the questionnaire with measures of worry, thought suppression, rumination and coping styles. The results yielded satisfactory preliminary data on the Spanish adaptation of the CAQ, which could provide for further advances in clinical practice and research on cognitive processes and anxiety disorders. 

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ)

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Gärtner Askeland ◽  
Mari Hysing ◽  
Børge Sivertsen ◽  
Kyrre Breivik
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Resilience Process

Psychometric evaluations of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) have yielded inconsistent support for the original five-factor solution, with different modifications being proposed. The aim of the present article was to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the READ using both confirmatory and exploratory methods, and to evaluate how the scale fits within the theoretical framework of resilience. Data stem from the population-based youth@hordaland-study of 9,596 adolescents from 16 to 19 years of age. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the original five-factor model yielded relatively poor fit. A better model fit was identified for a different five-factor structure using exploratory methods including two new personal factors measuring (a) Goal Orientation and (b) Self-Confidence. This division was supported by low secondary loadings and moderate correlations between the factors, and gender differences in the mean scores. Although the READ is a multidimensional measure that includes individual, family, and social factors related to the resilience process, some important aspects of resilience have not been included.

scholarly journals Latent Variables Quantifying Neighborhood Characteristics and Their Associations with Poor Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Forthman ◽  
Janna M. Colaizzi ◽  
Hung-wen Yeh ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Martin P. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics

Neighborhood characteristics can have profound impacts on resident mental health, but the wide variability in methodologies used across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus as to the implications of these impacts. The aim of this study was to simplify the assessment of neighborhood influence on mental health. We used a factor analysis approach to reduce the multi-dimensional assessment of a neighborhood using census tracts and demographic data available from the American Community Survey (ACS). Multivariate quantitative characterization of the neighborhood was derived by performing a factor analysis on the 2011–2015 ACS data. The utility of the latent variables was examined by determining the association of these factors with poor mental health measures from the 500 Cities Project 2014–2015 data (2017 release). A five-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Each factor represents a complex multi-dimensional construct. However, based on heuristics and for simplicity we refer to them as (1) Affluence, (2) Singletons in Tract, (3) African Americans in Tract, (4) Seniors in Tract, and (5) Hispanics or Latinos in Tract. African Americans in Tract (with loadings showing larger numbers of people who are black, single moms, and unemployed along with fewer people who are white) and Affluence (with loadings showing higher income, education, and home value) were strongly associated with poor mental health (R2=0.67, R2=0.83). These findings demonstrate the utility of this factor model for future research focused on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and resident mental health.

scholarly journals Measuring Resilience Across Participating Regions in the UPRIGHT EU Horizon 2020 Project: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Anyan ◽  
Roxanna Morote ◽  
Carlota Las Hayas ◽  
Silvia Gabrielli ◽  
Iwona Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Resilience Intervention

Resilience is the process and outcome of healthy adaptation despite significant adversity. Proliferation of research on the resilience construct has led to scientific concerns about the operationalization and measurement of resilience for assessment science and practice. Various studies that have investigated the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) have yielded inconsistent findings, which could partly be due to variations in the methodological approaches. This study investigated the factor structure and construct validity of the READ in four European regions participating in the Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally Implemented in Schools to Improve and Promote Mental Health for Teenagers (UPRIGHT) project. Participants included adolescents aged 10–15 years from Spain (n = 391, females = 51%), Iceland (n = 379, females = 55%), Italy (n = 460, females = 55%), and Poland (n = 316, females = 51%). The five-factor model of the READ was similar across gender and participating regions. Construct validity of the READ was supported. After establishing construct separability, incremental validity was supported (except for the social competence subscale). The READ is a valid and reliable measure of protective factors involved in resilience and demonstrates promise for cross-cultural applicability. Recommendations for measuring resilience and validating the READ in future investigations are provided.

scholarly journals Emotional and Behavioral Responses to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Alison M. Bacon ◽  
Dino Krupić ◽  
Nese Caki ◽  
Philip J. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity

Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.

Construction and Validation of a Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF)

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Luigi Leone
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Personality Dimensions

The aim of this contribution is to present a new short adjective-based measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, the Short Adjectives Checklist of BIg Five (SACBIF). We present the various steps of the construction and the validation of this instrument. First, 50 adjectives were selected with a selection procedure, the “Lining Up Technique” (LUT), specifically used to identify the best factorial markers of the FFM. Then, the factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the SACBIF were investigated. Finally, the SACBIF factorial structure was correlated with some main measures of the FFM to establish its construct validity and with some other personality dimensions to investigate how well these dimensions could be represented in the SACBIF factorial space.

scholarly journals Psychological Morbidity among University Students in Hong Kong (2014–2018): Psychometric Properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Related Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8305
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Esther Y. W. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Morbidity

Although mental health problems among Hong Kong university students are serious, there is a lack of studies examining the psychometric properties of related assessment scales and correlates. This study attempted to validate the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in Hong Kong university students and examine the demographic (gender), time (cohort), and well-being correlates (positive youth development attributes and life satisfaction) of psychological morbidity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the DASS (n = 6704). Gender and cohort invariance were further established using a multigroup CFA. The three-factor model of the DASS showed a superior fit and factorial invariance across gender and five different cohorts. Regarding gender and cohort correlates of psychological morbidity, males exhibited more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than their female counterparts. The intensity of psychological distress also escalated after the Umbrella Movement in 2014. Furthermore, well-being measures (positive youth development and life satisfaction) were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. In short, the Chinese DASS demonstrated good psychometric properties. This study also showed that gender, cohort (occurrence of political events), and well-being were associated with psychological morbidity indexed by the DASS measures.

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