scholarly journals Latent Variables Quantifying Neighborhood Characteristics and Their Associations with Poor Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Forthman ◽  
Janna M. Colaizzi ◽  
Hung-wen Yeh ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Martin P. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics

Neighborhood characteristics can have profound impacts on resident mental health, but the wide variability in methodologies used across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus as to the implications of these impacts. The aim of this study was to simplify the assessment of neighborhood influence on mental health. We used a factor analysis approach to reduce the multi-dimensional assessment of a neighborhood using census tracts and demographic data available from the American Community Survey (ACS). Multivariate quantitative characterization of the neighborhood was derived by performing a factor analysis on the 2011–2015 ACS data. The utility of the latent variables was examined by determining the association of these factors with poor mental health measures from the 500 Cities Project 2014–2015 data (2017 release). A five-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Each factor represents a complex multi-dimensional construct. However, based on heuristics and for simplicity we refer to them as (1) Affluence, (2) Singletons in Tract, (3) African Americans in Tract, (4) Seniors in Tract, and (5) Hispanics or Latinos in Tract. African Americans in Tract (with loadings showing larger numbers of people who are black, single moms, and unemployed along with fewer people who are white) and Affluence (with loadings showing higher income, education, and home value) were strongly associated with poor mental health (R2=0.67, R2=0.83). These findings demonstrate the utility of this factor model for future research focused on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and resident mental health.

scholarly journals Dimensions of neighborhood tracts and their associations with mental health problems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Forthman ◽  
Hung-wen Yeh ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Martin P. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Dimensional Assessment

AbstractObjectiveNeighborhood characteristics can have profound effects on resident health. The aim of this study was to use an unsupervised learning approach to reduce the multi-dimensional assessment of a neighborhood using American Community Survey (ACS) data to simplify the assessment of neighborhood influence on health.MethodMultivariate quantitative characterization of the neighborhood was derived by performing a factor analysis on the 2011-2015 ACS data. The utility of the latent variables was examined by determining the association of these factors with poor mental health measures from the 500 Cities Project 2017 release.ResultsA five-factor model provided the best fit for the data and the latent factors quantified the following characteristics of the census tract: (1) affluence, (2) proportion of singletons in neighborhood, (3) proportion of African-Americans in neighborhood, (4) proportion of seniors in neighborhood, and (5) proportion of noncitizens in neighborhood. African-Americans (R2 = 0.67) in neighborhood and Affluence (R2 = 0.83) were strongly associated with poor mental health.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the importance of this factor model in future research focused on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and resident health.

Translation, Validation and Factor Structure of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-510
Author(s):  
Namra Shahzadi ◽  
Bushra Akram ◽  
Saima Dawood ◽  
,Fayyaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Translation Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Phases

The current study was aimed to adapt, translate and validate The Handling Bullying Questionnaire (THBQ; Bauman, Rigby & Hoppa, 2008) into Urdu language. Present study was conducted in two phases, at the first phase THBQ was translated into Urdu language through standard procedures. Linguistic equivalence between Urdu and English version scale of THBQ was found (r = 0.75**) in pilot study. In the second phase of the study psychometric properties were established through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A sample of 400 participants was selected for administration of scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis retrieved 6 factors solutions in 22 items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed five factor model with 16 items. Thus, findings indicted the Urdu version of THBQ may be valid and reliable. The questionnaire can be used in future research for the assessment of handling bullying behaviors among school children by teachers and counselors.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of Object Relation Scale: Factor Structure and Relationship to Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-624
Author(s):  
Masayo Uji ◽  
Makiko Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Best Fit

Background: Object Relations Scale (ORS: Iume, Hirai, Aoki & Baba, 2006) was developed for accessing an individual’s object relation pattern. It consists of five domains: Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, Egoistic Manipulation, Excessive Need for Identification, and Abandonment Anxiety. However, its factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is still undetermined. Purpose: This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of ORS, in particular, confirming its factor structure using CFA, and examining the relationship of object relation maturity, to mental health as well as to psychological distress. Methods: The subjects of this study were 547 medical college students in Japan. CFA were conducted in order to determine the best fit model. The relationships of maturity level of one’s object relation pattern to his/her mental health as well as psychological distresses were examined by t-tests. Results: A four-factor model, a modified version of the original five-factor model showed the best fit. Among the four factors, three were those included in the original model. They were Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, and Abandonment Anxiety. The last factor consisted of items originally included in the remaining two factors, Egotistic Manipulation and Excessive Need for Identification. Each ORS subscale score positively correlated with that of mental health problems as well as those of psychological distresses of one or more domains at significant levels. Conclusion: The four-factor model, which does not necessarily negate the original five-factor model proposed by Iume et al., showed the best fit. Immaturity and instability in object relation relationship contributed to a variety of distresses as well as poor mental health.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Mental Health Inventory for Australian Adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd G. Heubeck ◽  
James T. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
American Research

Ostroff, Woolverton, Berry, and Lesko in 1996 examined the adolescent subsample of Veit and Ware's 1983 normative data for the Mental Health Inventory and recommended a two-factor rather than the original five-factor model for the assessment of adolescents' mental health. Analysis of a 30-item version with a new independent sample of 878 adolescents in another English-speaking country supported a two-factor model of psychological well-being and distress for boys and girls. Internal consistency was > .9, and scores were stable (~.7) over a 10-wk. period. Boys reported slightly better mental health than girls, as in the original American research.

scholarly journals Emotional and Behavioral Responses to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Alison M. Bacon ◽  
Dino Krupić ◽  
Nese Caki ◽  
Philip J. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity

Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.

scholarly journals Understanding adolescent males’ poor mental health and health-compromising behaviours: A factor analysis model on Swedish school-based data

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097455
Author(s):  
Johanna Haraldsson ◽  
Ronnie Pingel ◽  
Lena Nordgren ◽  
Ylva Tindberg ◽  
Per Kristiansson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Analysis Model ◽  
School Based

Aim: The aim was to develop a factor model of the clustering of poor mental-health symptoms and health-compromising behaviours (HCBs) in adolescent males. Methods: The study was based on two cross-sectional school-based Swedish surveys in 2011 (response rate 80%, N=2823) and 2014 (response rate 85%, N=2358), both of which comprised questionnaires from males aged 15–16 and 17–18 years. A factor model was developed by exploratory factor analysis on the 2011 survey and validated by confirmatory factor analysis on the 2014 survey. Results: Four aspects of poor mental health and HCBs emerged in the exploratory factor analysis: (a) deviancy as a tendency to substance use and delinquency, (b) unsafety as an inclination towards feelings of unsafety in different environments, (c) gloominess as a tendency towards pessimism and feeling unwell and (d) pain as an inclination to experience physical pain. The model was validated with good model fit. Age did not affect the model structure, but older adolescent males were more influenced by deviancy and gloominess and less by unsafety compared to their younger peers. Conclusions: Separating symptoms of poor mental health and HCBs into four areas – deviancy, unsafety, gloominess and pain – brings new perspectives to the understanding of adolescent males’ health. To the best of our knowledge, our factor model is the first to include unsafety and pain in this context. Whenever a comprehensive approach to the health of adolescent males is needed in the clinic or in the field of public health, this factor model may provide guidance.

scholarly journals A jóllét és a mentális egészség mérése: a Mentális Egészség Teszt

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-322
Author(s):  
Vargha András ◽  
Zábó Virág ◽  
Török Regina ◽  
Oláh Attila
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Positive Correlation

Elméleti háttér: A mentális egészség egyfajta jóllét biológiai, pszichológiai, társadalmi és spirituális szinten, ezen kívül pedig képesség a pozitív állapotok fenntartására és megélésére, amelyhez a hatékony megküzdés és savoring, valamint a reziliencia és a dinamikus önszabályozás jelenléte is társul. A pozitív pszichológia egyik feladata, hogy érvényes teszteket dolgozzon ki a mentális egészség mérésére. Cél: A Mentális Egészség Teszt (MET) legújabb változatának átfogó pszichometriai ellenőrzése. Módszer: Két, online módon lefolytatott kérdőíves keresztmetszeti vizsgálat. I. 1540 fő (391 férfi, 1149 nő; átlagéletkor 52,0 év, SD = 11,3 év) demográfiai, valamint testi és lelki egészségre vonatkozó kérdések mellett kitöltötte az alábbi kérdőíveket: MET, PERMA Kérdőív, Globális Jóllét Kérdőív, Diener-féle Virágzás skála, Rövidített Savoring Hit Kérdőív, Rövidített Pszichológiai Immunrendszer Kérdőív. II. 1083 fő (233 férfi, 847 nő; átlagéletkor 33,9 év, SD = 12,2 év) demográfiai, a vallásosságra, valamint a testi és lelki egészségre vonatkozó kérdések mellett kitöltötte a MET, Aspirációs Index, Rövidített Beck Depresszió, WHO Jól-Lét, Élettel való Elégedettség, valamint Életcél Kérdőíveket. Eredmények: Az I. mintán elvégzett feltáró faktoranalízis megerősítette a MET ötfaktoros szerkezetét 17 tétellel, s az ezt tesztelő konfirmatív faktoranalízis jó illeszkedésű modellt jelzett. A II. mintában ugyanezen a faktorstruktúrán elvégzett konfirmatív faktoranalízis kiváló illeszkedésű (RMSEA = 0,051; pClose = 0,408; CFI = 0,950; TLI = 0,936). Az öt skála Cronbach-a értékei mindkét vizsgálatban 0,70 felettiek, magas belső konzisztenciát mutatva. A diszkriminációs validitást igazolja, hogy minden skálának van egy minimum 44%-os olyan egyedi része, amelyet a többi négy skála nem fed le. A skálák tartalmi validitását a mentális egészség 10 tesztjével, speciális tesztkérdésekkel és szociodemográfiai mutatókkal sikerült igazolni. Fontos eredmény továbbá, hogy a jóllét pozitív irányú kapcsolatot mutat az anyagi helyzettel; az alkotó-végrehajtó hatékonyság a flow-val és az iskolázottsággal; az önreguláció és a reziliencia az életkorral; a savoring pedig a nőknél minden életkorban magasabb, mint a férfiaknál. Következtetés: a MET a jóllét, a savoring, az alkotó-végrehajtó hatékonyság, az önreguláció és a reziliencia konstruktumok megbízható és érvényes mérőeszközének tekinthető.Theoretical background: Beyond that mental health is related to biological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being, it is a capacity to maintain and experience the positive conditions with effective coping, savoring, resilience and dynamic self-regulation skills. One of the most important responsibility of positive psychology is to construct scales measuring mental health. Aim: the purpose of this study is to present the psychometric characteristics of the new version of the Mental Health Test (MHT) based on five pillars. Method: Two online cross-sectional studies with self-report questionnaires. Study I: 1540 persons (391 men, 1149 women; mean age 52.0 years, SD = 11.3 years) filled in MHT, PERMA Profiler, Global Health, Diener's Flourishing Scale, Shortened Savoring and Shortened Psychological Immune Competence questionnaires along with questions about physical and psychological well-being and demographic data. Study II: 1083 persons (233 men, 847 women; mean age 33.9 years, SD = 12.2 years) filled in MHT, Aspiration Index, Shortened Beck Depression Inventory, WHO Well-Being Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Purpose in Life Test, and Shortened Young Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, along with questions about demographic data, religiosity, physical and mental health. Results: In Study I exploratory factor analysis identified the five-factor structure of MHT with 17 items, having also good fit measures in confirmative factor analysis. In Study II the five-factor model of the five subscales yielded excellent fit measures in confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA = .051, pClose = .408, CFI = .950, TLI = .936). In both studies, Cronbach's a values of the five subscales (all above 0.70) indicated a high level of internal consistency. The discriminant validity is proven by the fact that each subscale had a minimum 44% part not covered by the set of other subscales. The content validity of the subscales was confirmed by ten tests about mental health, some special questions and socio-demographic indicators. Subscale of well-being showed a definite positive correlation with financial background. Creative and executing efficiency correlated with flow and education. We found also a positive correlation of self-regulation and resilience subscales with age, and women showed a higher level of savoring than men at all age levels. Conclusion: MHT can be considered a reliable and valid measurement tool for well-being, savoring, creative and executing efficiency, self-regulation and resilience dimensions of mental health.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the factor structure of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) and the creation of the SAWS-15 as a short measure for personal wisdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Trilas M. Leeman ◽  
Bob G. Knight ◽  
Erich C. Fein ◽  
Sonya Winterbotham ◽  
Jeffrey Dean Webster
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Wisdom ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objectives: Although wisdom is a desirable life span developmental goal, researchers have often lacked brief and reliable construct measures. We examined whether an abbreviated set of items could be empirically derived from the popular 40-item five-factor Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). Design: Survey data from 709 respondents were randomly split into two and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Setting: The survey was conducted online in Australia. Participants: The total sample consisted of 709 participants (M age = 35.67 years; age range = 15–92 years) of whom 22% were male, and 78% female. Measurement: The study analyzed the 40-item SAWS. Results: Sample 1 showed the traditional five-factor structure for the 40-item SAWS did not fit the data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on Sample 2 offered an alternative model based on a 15-item, five-factor solution with the latent variables Reminiscence/Reflection, Humor, Emotional Regulation, Experience, and Openness. This model, which replicates the factor structure of the original 40-item SAWS with a short form of 15 items, was then confirmed on Sample 1 using a CFA that produced acceptable fit and measurement invariance across age groups. Conclusions: We suggest the abbreviated SAWS-15 can be useful as a measure of individual differences in wisdom, and we highlight areas for future research.

scholarly journals On Redefining the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Preliminary Test of Multidimensionality

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Filipe Rodrigues ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Flores ◽  
Pedro Forte
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Psychometric Quality

The aim of the present study was to examine the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ) as a multidimensional instrument, designed to measure individuals’ body image satisfaction. A sample of 790 Portuguese healthy adults (female = 399; male = 391) aged 18 and 49 years old (M = 28.61, SD = 7.97) completed the BISQ. Exploratory factor analysis of the BISQ provided initial psychometric validity for a five-factor model assessing five dimensions of body image, namely, face, upper torso, lower torso, lower body, and overall body appearance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this five-correlated model, in which a bifactor model provided the best fit to the data, defining a body image satisfaction factor and five specific factors. The BISQ clearly distinguished between various dimensions of body image satisfaction and showed satisfactory psychometric quality through factor analyses. This measure may have a broad application for research and practice, as a tool for capturing individual body image satisfaction.

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