scholarly journals Secondary speech therapy prophylaxis aimed at children with low birth weight – a part of research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gacka
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Speech Development Disorders

In the paper, the results of the study of secondary speech therapy prophylaxis aimed at children with low birth weight (preterm babies and babies born at term but with intrauterine growth retardation). The study group consisted of 187 children with a birth weight below 2500 g. Low birth weight is one of the risk factors for various developmental disorders, including disorders of the development of language communication. That is why early identification of the first symptoms of language acquisition (speech development) disorders is so important. The aim of the undertaken research was to analyse the activities in the field of secondary speech therapy prophylaxis, covering this risk group.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Teachers and Students of Early School Education and Pre-School Education on the Dysfunctions and Parafunctions of the Orofacial Complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Marta Kosicka ◽  
Ewa Gacka
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
School Education ◽  
Early School ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Articulation Disorders ◽  
Development Of Language

Cooperation between educators and speech therapists represents an important element in the care of a child with speech disorders, including speech impediments. Teachers should also have the minimum of knowledge on speech therapy which will allow them to notice abnormalities in speech development in children as well as identify activities which promote the development of language communication disorders. The paper presents the findings of the research whose main aim was to present the level of knowledge of teachers and students of pre-school and early school education on abnormalities of the orofacial complex and their impact on the development of articulation disorders. In addition, the aim of the research was to get acquainted with the opinions of respondents on the need to educate teachers in this respect.

INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG 5,000 DELIVERIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Peter Gruenwald
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Standards

Among 5,000 consecutive deliveries there were 536 infants of low birth weight (401-2,500 gm). Those weighing more than 1,000 gm are analyzed according to stated gestational age and normal standards of birth weight for gestational age. The incidence of chronologically mature infants, and of those retarded in intrauterine growth, was determined for infants weighing 1,001-2,000 gm, 1,001-2,250 gm, and 1 001-2,500 gm. Perinatal mortality figures for the various types of infants of low birth weight are given.

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and fetal outcomes: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yuri Takito ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity during the second trimester pregnancy and low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: Case-control study including 273 low birth weight newborns and 546 controls carried out in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. Low birth weight cases were grouped into two subsamples: preterm birth (n=117) and intrauterine growth restriction (n=134), with their related controls. Information was collected by means of interviews with mothers shortly after birth and transcription of medical records. Data were analyzed using conditional multiple and hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS: Light physical activity for over 7 hours per day was shown to be protective against low birth weight (adjusted OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.94) with a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend=0.026). A similar trend was found for intrauterine growth restriction (adjusted OR=0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.97). Homemaking activities were associated as a protective factor for both low birth weight and preterm birth (p-value for trend=0.013 and 0.035, respectively). Leisure-time walking was found to be protective against preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Mild physical activity during the second trimester of pregnancy such as walking has an independent protective effect on low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm neonatal admissions at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mustapha ◽  
P. Simon ◽  
B.I. Abdullahi ◽  
H.I. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Special Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Special Care Baby Unit ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The University

Introduction: Preterm delivery is of considerable concern to clinicians and researchers being a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries and also contributes to substantial complications among survivors. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria accounts for significant proportion of preterm births, with over million deaths due to complication of prematurity. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated morbidities of preterm deliveries at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of neonates delivered before 37 completed weeks of gestation and admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015. Results: There were 3435 admissions into the Special Care baby Unit (SCBU) during the 8 year period. Out of these 1129 were preterm babies giving a prevalence of 32.9%. Of the 1129 preterm babies managed in SCBU, 714 case records were retrieved and analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 63%. There were 372 (52.1%) males and 342 (47.9%) females; with the male to female ratio of 1:1.08. There were 17(2.3%) extreme low birth weight  (<1000g), 288 (40.3%) very low birth weight (1000-1499 g), 406 (56.9%) low birth weight (1500- 2499 g) babies. The range of admission weights was 700-2500g with mean of 1600±900g. Conclusion: The burden, complications and mortality from preterm newborns remain significant public health challenges to care givers in Nigeria. Key words : Prevalence, preterm babies, associated morbidities, Maiduguri 

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight babies in early neonatal period in a rural area teaching hospital, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Pabbati ◽  
Preethi Subramanian ◽  
Mahesh Renikuntla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: A baby’s weight at birth is a strong indicator of newborn health and nutrition. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more susceptible to morbidities and mortality in early neonatal period than normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Among neonatal deaths, 80% occurs in LBW / preterm babies and 75% of total neonatal deaths occur in early neonatal period. The present study was undertaken to know the incidence and early neonatal outcome of LBW babies in rural area.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in babies born with <2.5 kg (LBW) birth weight.Results: The incidence of LBW babies was 25.07% with almost an equal contribution from preterm (50.46%) and Term Intra Uterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) (49.53%) babies. The most common morbidity found in LBW babies was Jaundice (40.09%) followed by respiratory distress (18.16%), sepsis (8.72%) and apnea (4.48%). Preterm-LBW babies had more morbidities in terms of apnea (100%), birth asphyxia (88.88%), respiratory distress (87.01%%), sepsis (80.55%) and jaundice (67.64%). Early neonatal mortality was 21.22 per 1000 live births. Mortality was 100% for babies <1 kg in birth weight, 16% in 1-1.499 kg group and 0.75% in 1.5-2.499 kg group in early neonatal period. According to gestational age, mortality in preterm-LBW babies was 88.88% and 11.11% in Term IUGR-LBW babies. The most common cause of death in LBW babies was birth asphyxia (44.44%) followed by hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (33.33%).Conclusions: The present study revealed that preterm babies contributed 50% to incidence of LBW babies. Morbidity and mortality in LBW babies were inversely related to birth weight and gestational age.

Abstract 235: Chronic Endothelin Type A Receptor Blockade Abolishes Age-dependent Hypertension In Female Intrauterine Growth Restricted Rat Offspring.

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suttira Intapad ◽  
Miles A Backstrom ◽  
Anthony J Carter ◽  
John H Dasinger ◽  
Barbara T Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Type A ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Endothelin Type A Receptor ◽  
Female Control

Birth weight is inversely associated with blood pressure. Placental insufficiency in the rat induces low birth weight indicative of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) associated with sex-dependent hypertension in IUGR offspring in young adulthood. However, placental insufficiency programs the development of age-dependent hypertension in the female IUGR rat by 12 months of age. Blood pressure increases with age and the prevalence of hypertension is significantly increased in low birth weight women at 60 relative to 50 years of age. Yet, the exact mechanisms that mediate age-dependent hypertension following a developmental insult are unknown. We previously noted that endothelin mediated via its endothelin type A receptor (ET A R) plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation in hypertensive male IUGR but not in normotensive female IUGR rats in young adulthood. Thus, we hypothesized that endothelin mediated via its ET A R would play a contributory role in the development of age-dependent hypertension in the female IUGR rat. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via arterial catheter in conscious female control and female IUGR offspring at approximately 12 and 18 months of age in animals that received vehicle or an ET A R antagonist (ABT-627, 5 mg/kg BW, Abbott) in the drinking water for 4 days prior to measure of MAP. MAP was significantly increased in IUGR (135±2 mmHg; P <0.05,) relative to control (121±2 mmHg) at 12 months of age (N=9 per group). MAP was remained significantly elevated in IUGR (149±5 mmHg, P <0.05) relative to control (135±5 mmHg) at 18 months of age (N=5 per group) despite age-dependent increases in MAP in IUGR and control rats. Chronic ET A R blockade significantly decreased MAP in treated IUGR (113±2 mmHg; P <0.05 vs. untreated IUGR, N=6) but blockade of the ET A R had no impact on blood pressure in treated control (134±9 mmHg; N=5) at 18 months of age. Thus, these findings indicate that age augments the importance of endothelin via its ET A R in the etiology of hypertension programmed by IUGR but does not contribute to the age-dependent increase in blood pressure in the female control. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for sex- and age-specific considerations in the management of hypertension following a developmental insult.

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