scholarly journals Zwolennik Bourgeta. Stefan Żeromski i psychologia powieści

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Marcin Jauksz
Keyword(s):  
Identification Process ◽  
Paul Bourget ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
Psychological Novels ◽  
Journal Entries ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

The article presents young Żeromski’s fascination with the writings of Paul Bourget. Basing on the Polish writer’s journal entries concerned with Une crime d’amour and Mensonges one can trace an ambivalent attitude towards those psychological novels developed in the late 1880s. By young Żeromski’s standards Bourget falls behind other masters of prose he admires at the time, namely Turgenev and Dostoyevsky. Still, despite Bourget’s didacticism, the aspiring youth cannot refrain from fascination for the descriptions of characters, whose emotions so often so clearly mirror his own. There are at least a few plots (an aspiring writer’s ambitions in the great world, the memory of a love lost etc.) which could have caught Żeromski’s attention as valid attempts to capture experiences known to him as well. It is therefore the identification process that stands in the way of condemning the moralistic ambitions of Bourget and allows the French writer’s works to remain an important point of reference for the Polish witer’s upcoming writing endeavors.

scholarly journals Vatersehnsucht. Botho Strauß erzählt sich seine Herkunft

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Andrzej Denka
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Narrative Fragments ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

Botho Strauß (b. 1944), German playwright, novelist and essayist, devotes his book Herkunft [Origin] (2014) to a subtle portrait of his slightly underestimated father, who died in 1971. This sample of prose is typical of Strauss as it encompasses meditative descriptions, disquisitions, aphorisms and narrative fragments. This narration contains numerous biographical details about his father, as well as his mother and the writer himself, and it tells us a lot about his youth and cultural maturation. Strauss’ hometown, Bad Ems, provides a certain topographic point of reference here. This is a highly personal and emotional text which simultaneously exhibits all esthetic properties that characterize Strauss’ style. This text is also about the way different sensory stimuli incite our memory and how difficult it is to find a literary form adequate to reconstruct memory.

scholarly journals Democracy and Competing Values

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Saward
Keyword(s):  
Competing Values ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

Where it is Practised, Democracy is a) Not The Only principle practised, and b) practised differently from the way it is practised in other places. If democracy has a clear meaning and clear requirements – I shall argue that it does – then we should be able to map out the bases on which degrees of democracy are traded off in the name of other values, and with what justification. In attempting to make some inroads into the serious conceptual and empirical problems this topic presents, my point of reference will be the modern nationstate, though the use of the phrase ‘political units’ throughout signals the fact that the argument largely holds for other geographically-defined entities as well.

Oecuménisme méthodologique et dialogue entre paradigmes

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Haldemann ◽  
Ron Lévy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
External Point ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTWhile multi-method research is currently provoking much interest, there is little reflection on the legitimacy of this kind of research and on the conditions for achieving high quality research. This article first describes the scientific and socio-political contexts from which this movement towards multi-method research has emerged. It then goes on to discuss why comparative analysis is central to the triangulation of methods and why the notion of triangulation itself requires an external point of reference. It is suggested that the reason why we produce only half-hearted or even illigitimate comparisons is because the reference points are hidden. For multi-method research to be of high quality it must clearly externalize valid inferences at each moment in the spiral of knowledge, identify its analytical logic and establish its internal reference points. (This article is the result of joint research and the respective positions of the authors are reflected in the way in which the article is presented.)

Bodhisattvas in Motion: A Path to Compassion Through Physical Activity for Larger Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Vicki Ebbeck ◽  
Keegan E. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Journal Entries ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of enacting the Way of the Bodhisattva (Chödrön, 2005) lessons in compassion with larger women, particularly in reference to their physical activity behaviors. Three women provided ongoing and detailed information with regard to their experiences engaging with the lessons over a 6-week period. Individual weekly interviews, journal entries, a focus group discussion with all women following the program, and researcher field notes in combination offered triangulated information that was analyzed by two researchers. The findings suggested that the women benefited from the program, although assuming the role of a bodhisattva did prove to be challenging in the time available and perhaps was most beneficial in facilitating the process of self-reflection.

scholarly journals Włoska historia jednego gatunku

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

The text is devoted to Giancarlo Alfano and Francesco de Cristofaro’s monograph Il roman­zo in Italia published in 2018. The work is an attempt to systematize the information about Italian tradition of the genre which nowadays unquestionably dominates the publishing market. Moreover, it describes the structure of the publication, metho­dological assumptions adopted by the authors, their objectives, and the way of their realisation. The analysis of these elements shows whether the work discussed can be an important point of reference for future academic works dedicated to Italian novels.

scholarly journals The tourist gaze in English, Italian and German travel articles about Puglia: A corpus-based study

ICAME Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Angela D’Egidio
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Comparable Corpora ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Travel Writers ◽  
Travel Articles ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper shows how online travel articles may provide important insights into how a tourist destination is perceived and to what extent what is known as the ‘tourist gaze’ may be used to recontextualise tourist material in order to produce more effective tourist texts, which meet receivers’ expectations. For this purpose, three comparable corpora of online travel articles in English, Italian and German language were assembled and analysed in order to understand the way ordinary travellers perceive and experience a tourist destination in Italy (Puglia) by taking language as a point of reference. The first fifteen words of the frequency lists in the three corpora highlighted what landmarks and elements of attraction English, Italian and German travel writers gaze at while on holiday in Puglia. The analysis demonstrated that the Italian tourist gaze is different from the English and German tourist gazes, since not all of them focus on the same landscapes, and even when they gaze at the same sights, their perception and representation are often different. The similarities and differences between the ways the tourists behave suggest a distinction between a model of ‘global gaze’ embodied by English and German travellers, seen as ‘outsiders’, and a model of ‘local gaze’ embodied by Italian tourists, seen as ‘insiders'

Indexing narrative metalepsis in German conversational story-telling

Pragmatics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bücker
Keyword(s):  
Extended Version ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this study is to show that direct speech in narratives introduced by “von wegen” (‘like’) and “nach dem Motto” (‘along the lines of’) can be analyzed as a powerful means to transform a stretch of talk into a massive “stance index” which transcends the boundaries between the narrator’s world and the narrated world in terms of narrative metalepsis. “Von wegen” and “nach dem Motto” are non-canonical reporting frames which are syntactically flexible and semantically facilitate a transformation of direct speech into a “category-animation”. For these reasons, they can be employed spontaneously in spoken talk-in-interaction and make it possible to shape a stretch of direct speech creatively in order to position oneself, other discourse participants and narrated characters as committed or non-committed to what is seen to be a relevant normative point of reference. The way direct speech introduced by “von wegen” and “nach dem Motto” can be used to construct positions in order to evaluate discourse participants and narrated characters can be grasped schematically by means of a slightly revised and extended version of Du Bois’ “stance triangle”.

The Third Origin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Triangular Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

This chapter argues that the double operation involving the urbanization of originary conflict and the “heroization” of political action is not yet sufficient to bridge the principle gap between polemos and polis, or between violence and power, at least in reference to the way the Arendt herself radicalizes the opposition. Unless a third point of reference, a third archetype, or a third origin intervenes it is impossible to confer stability and duration upon a politics that is still overly exposed to the wound generated by originary scission. Arendt finds her last pole star—a third point capable of uniting the scene of origin in a perfect triangular form—in Rome. This is the third origin that fuses all the flotsam and jetsam that distances Troy from Athens, thereby consolidating a broader originary figure finally liberated from all residues of violence.

Cross-Colonial Poetics: Souffles-Anfas and the Figure of Palestine

PMLA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia C. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
Abdelkebir Khatibi ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

From the mid-1960s onward, Moroccan, Algerian, and Tunisian writers have turned to the question of Palestine as a model of political and aesthetic innovation. Taking the Moroccan cultural journal Souffles-Anfas as an early, paradigmatic example of the literary turn to Palestine in the Maghreb, I argue that writers such as Abdellatif Laâbi and Abdelkebir Khatibi used Palestine as a springboard for “cultural decolonization,” reactivating global anticolonial discourses in order to articulate a relational, cross-colonial Maghrebi identity. Focusing on discussions of language, poetic form, and cultural autonomy, I show that Palestine served as a point of reference in debates on postcolonial Maghrebi culture. Without muting the ethical pitfalls inherent in representing a heterogeneous anticolonial struggle in a postcolonial context, I take this example of cross-colonial poetics as an invitation to rethink along multidirectional, transnational lines the way we approach Maghrebi and, more generally, postcolonial literature and culture.

scholarly journals Minorities, Territories and the Law of Ownership. Back to Basics and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Palermo
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
The Law ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

In public law, the concept of property plays, arguably, a much more limited role than in private law. At a closer look, however, a rather different picture emerges. In fact, in public (national and international) law, property is less (if at all) regulated, but not less important than in private law. Rather, it is implicitly assumed and developed in collective rather than individual terms. Especially in the nation state construct, territory is the property of a state and the state is the property of a group of people (the dominant nation), whose power to control a territory is called sovereignty. For this reason, when the question emerges of how to deal with a territory predominantly inhabited by a minority group, the answers by different actors involved might be diametrically opposite. This is essentially because the link between people and territory is always framed in terms of ownership: who “owns” a territory? And how to deal with those who inhabit the territory without (being seen as those) owing it? This essay explores the responses to such questions. The focus will be on challenges posed by autonomy regimes as instruments for the accommodation of minority issues, including the evolving concept of territory. Against this background, the different understandings of the link and the recent practice of selected international bodies will be analysed, leading to some concluding remarks. It will be argued that territory is an unavoidable point of reference, but many aspects are not sufficiently addressed, such as the issue of the addressees of such arrangements, the evolution that minority-related concepts are facing in the present era, marked by the challenge of diversity and the overall understanding of territorial arrangements.

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