scholarly journals Потенциал иронии в творчестве Людмилы Петрушевской (на примере романа Нас украли. История преступлений)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Юлия Брюханова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Many researchers of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s works draw attention to the irony which is the significant element of her prose, drama and poetry. It is important that the ironic principle manifests itself not only as an artistic technique but also as a philosophical aspect. Irony demonstrates the ambivalence of reality. On the one hand, it ridicules and profanes everything. On the other hand, irony gives the certitude of the ontological status of reality. We can see a good example of this function of irony in the novel Nas ukrali. Istoriya prestupleniy (2017). This novel shows the common features of Petrushevskaya’s works – the unity of ironic potential and language. In this case, language is not only the style but first of all the ontological element. This is why the language becomes almost a character in Petrushevskaya’s novel. Irony opens the vital potential of the linguistic personality. As a result, one of the heroes imitates foreign speech but doesn’t speak a foreign language. Irony also helps to reveal the ambivalent nature of life. It shows that our “umora” in Sanskrit and in ancient Indian is “humour” and “death”. So, the game and profanity not only reduce the status of the hero, the image, or the reader’s expectations but, first of all, fill the gap between words, ideas, feelings, and people.

Fielding and Richardson

PMLA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
William Park
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
General Type ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

But the Discovery [of when to laugh and when to cry] was reserved for this Age, and there are two Authors now living in this Metropolis, who have found out the Art, and both brother Biographers, the one of Tom Jones, and the other of Clarissa.author of Charlotte SummersRather than discuss the differences which separate Fielding and Richardson, I propose to survey the common ground which they share with each other and with other novelists of the 1740's and 50's. In other words I am suggesting that these two masters, their contemporaries, and followers have made use of the same materials and that as a result the English novels of the mid-eighteenth century may be regarded as a distinct historic version of a general type of literature. Most readers, it seems to me, do not make this distinction. They either think that the novel is always the same, or they believe that one particular group of novels, such as those written in the early twentieth century, is the form itself. In my opinion, however, we should think of the novel as we do of the drama. No one kind of drama, such as Elizabethan comedy or Restoration comedy, is the drama itself; instead, each is a particular manifestation of the general type. Each kind bears some relationship to the others, but at the same time each has its own identity, which we usually call its conventions. By conventions I mean not only stock characters, situations, and themes, but also notions and assumptions about the novel, human nature, society, and the cosmos itself. If we compare one kind of novel to another without first considering the conventions of each, we are likely to make the same mistake that Thomas Rymer did when he blamed Shakespeare for not conforming to the canons of classical French drama.

scholarly journals Giono, Translator or Reader of Moby-Dick?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Isabelle Génin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moby Dick ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Jean Giono ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.

The Species Problem in Hegel's Philosophy of Nature

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Martin Krahn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Biology ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

In this article, I argue that species are mutable in Hegel’s philosophy of biology. While scholars have argued for the compatibility of Hegel’s philosophy and Darwin’s theory of evolution, none have dealt with the ontological status of species in their respective accounts. In order to make the case that for Hegel species are mutable, I first deal with a textual problem that in the 1827 edition of the Encyclopedia, the species concept appears after the sexual relationship, whereas in the 1830 edition it appears prior. I argue that these different sequences entail different models for the species concept. By examining the conceptual development leading up to the account of species, on the one hand, and contemporary biological accounts of the status of species on the other, I argue that the 1827 model is more consistent both with Hegel’s method and with the species concept of contemporary biology.

scholarly journals The status of qualia in naturalistic theories of consciousness

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Uskova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain

The article analyzes naturalistic theories of consciousness in the framework of analytical philosophy. The choice of these theories is due to the monistic interpretation of consciousness in them. This position seems, on the one hand, to be logically sound, and, on the other hand, to have sufficient explanatory power. However, there are weaknesses in this position, some of which are considered in the article. One of the obvious difficulties for any theory of consciousness, especially the naturalistic one, is the interpretation of qualia or the qualitative scope of our mental states. Scientists are faced with such questions as: «Why does it even exist?» and «What is its practical meaning?» We find possible answers to them in the theories of J. Searle, N. Humphrey, and F. Peters. Each of them agrees that consciousness is generated by the brain, but they differ in the interpretation of its ontological status. Nevertheless, their understanding of the epistemic status of consciousness is similar: correlation of views on consciousness from the position of the 3rd and 1st person is always problematic. At the same time, both consciousness itself and its qualitative scope can and should be explained within the framework of the evolutionary approach. It is obvious that none of the naturalistic theories of consciousness has yet given answers to all questions (if it is even possible), but the search for these answers, in our opinion, should be carried out precisely within this approach.

scholarly journals From Persecution to Management of Populations: Governmentality and the Common European Asylum System

Politik ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Guild
Keyword(s):  
Geneva Convention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Refugee protection has long been an issue of great moral and legal importance among the countries in Eu- rope. European states sent representatives to participate in the drafting of the UN Convention relating to the status of refugees 1951 together with its 1967 protocol – the international commitment to refugee protection and were among the first signatories. They have also been strong supporters of the UN Agency established as guardians of the Geneva Convention – the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and participate as members of the UNHCR’s Executive Committee. However, these same states, when adopting legislation on refugee protection in European Union law appear Janus faced. On the one hand, statements of commitment to refugee protection are plentiful, on the other, mechanisms adopted aim to exclude the refugee even from being heard. In this article I will examine this contradiction using the concept of governmentality as developed by Michel Foucault. Deploying the three techniques of governmentality which Foucault developed most – sovereignty, discipline and biopolitics, I seek to dissect the asylum protection system the EU is developing and make visible the underlying structure of authority and power. 

scholarly journals The City as a Vacuous Common Place / Space in John Dos Passos's Manhattan Transfer

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Gergely Mráz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

This paper explores some possibilities of interpreting the motif of the city in John Dos Passos's Manhattan Transfer as a multiply vacuous common sphere. First, it is shown how the spatial aspect of the city can be characterized by its twofold rendition as a place endowed with intrinsic ambiguity on the one hand, and as a defective common space on the other. Second, a structurally similar duality is investigated in the temporal experience of Dos Passos's city dwellers by distinguishing between (vacuous) present time and historicity, each associated with attributes of the city as a place and a space. Finally, it is shown that the postulated spatiotemporal vacuity of the city correlates with the pervasively aesthetic character of the urban sphere, where interpersonal relations are inherently deficient. This leads to an ultimate, moral vacuity in the common urban space; the only aspect of the vacuity discussed which is not absorbed at the end of the novel.

scholarly journals To the question of central conflict in M. Y. Lermontov’s novel “Vadim”

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Valeriia Bugorskaia
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Mikhail Lermontov ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Good And Evil

This article examines the unfinished Mikhail Lermontov’s novel “Vadim”. This oeuvre is one of the signature works of the writer: on the one hand, it recapitulates the earlier period of Lermontov’s works, while on the other – represents a stepping stone, characterized by mastering new genres and reflecting general trends of Russian literature of the beginning of the 1830’s. The goal consists in the analysis of central conflict unfolded between the protagonists Vadim and Olga, which reflects choice of a person between good and evil. The historical-literary and hermeneutic methods are applied in the course of this research. The novelty lies in the author’s suggestion to examine romantic conflicts in the context of Christian worldview. The implications of M. Y. Lermontov’s novel are decoded via attraction of the texts of Holy Scripture, which leads to the conclusion that the beginning of work on the novel “Vadim” coincides with Lermontov’s heightened interest to the problem of good and evil in Christian understanding. Mastering the new prosaic genre, the writer continues to amplify the common to his works theme of interaction of the Divine, angelical, demonic and human beginnings.

scholarly journals “POLICE LAW” OF THE FREE CITY OF CRACOW IN THE YEARS 1815-1846

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Paweł Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The aim of the article is to describe, on the one hand, the police authorities and, on the other hand, to present the tasks and competences implemented by these authorities in the field of public order and security in the Free City of Cracow (1815-1846). The legal bases defining the broad spectrum of police tasks were mentioned. These included the fight against begging, vagrancy, passport policy, population registration, protection of consumer interests and rights, building, sanitary and fire safety, maintenance of peace, cleanliness and order in Cracow and the fight against crime. Attention was also drawn to the reasons for issuing such rules of legal relations. In conclusion, the common features of "police law" acts and the meaning of the word "police" used in the Free City of Cracow were pointed out. The article was written using a formal-dogmatic method and a chronological-subject structure. It is the first and so far, the only scientific study presenting legal regulations concerning the title subject.

Playing with Form: Possessed by Witold Gombrowicz

Tekstualia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Witold Gombrowicz ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Mass Literature ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Possessed, the novel written by Witold Gombrowicz, like a piece of grotesque proper, mixes various styles: high and low, neutral and disturbing, sentimental/romantic and prosaic. The author consciously emphasizes particular genre markers in some passages, leading the reader down a specifi c path, just to clash them with passages of a contradictory genre type. A good case in point is the description of the prince’s residence that complies with gothic novel conventions: it is horrifying and accentuates the singularity of the historical place. Possessed, apparently, was not only to be a product for a mass readership, but an experiment binding the features of high and low art, merging various audiences; it lives up to the expectations of the common reader of mass literature, as well as of the reader of a more sophisticated taste; on the one hand, the novel copies the mechanism of mass culture, as described by Eco48, and on the other, it is a frivolous and pleasant entertainment for a highbrow reader. As an experiment, therefore, the novel is a success because of the abovementioned recent theatrical adaptations, as well as its explicit comic effects.

An Investigation of the Planning and Designing of Road Network in Logistical Parks

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
Dui Yong Chen ◽  
Hui Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

As a component of the urban transportation system, on the one hand, traffic in logistical parks shares the common features of urban transportation; on the other hand, it still possesses its own rules and characteristics. This paper makes a comparison between traffic in logistical parks and cities and gives an analysis of the logistical parks’ traffic characteristics by using traffic engineering theory, thus to make a clear distinction between traffic in logistical parks and cities， to have a study of the traffic characteristics in logistical parks, and on the basis of this to make an exploration of the characteristics the planning and designing of road network in logistical parks.

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