Role of Evidence-Based Reviews in Surgery in teaching critical appraisal skills and in journal clubs

Evidence-based practice are the buzz words of current health care. This article explores what evidence-based practice actually means for occupational therapists. Evidence-based practice has two strands. The first strand involves using the best available evidence as part of the clinical decision-making process. The second strand involves drawing the evidence together in the form of systematic reviews. These reviews may then be used to help inform the development of clinical guidelines. This article outlines and discusses both strands of evidence-based practice and the relevance of each strand to practising occupational therapists. It explores how therapists can locate, evaluate and use evidence to inform their practice. The article focuses particularly on the development of critical appraisal skills. The role of systematic reviews and the relevance of clinical guidelines for occupational therapy are discussed.

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A critical synthesis of interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness

Health SA Gesondheid ◽

10.4102/hsag.v19i1.800 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kenetsoe B. Seroalo ◽

Emmerentia Du Plessis ◽

Magdalena P. Koen ◽

Vicki Koen

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Research Question ◽

Practice Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Evidence Analysis ◽

Critical Appraisal Skills ◽

Nutrition And Dietetics ◽

Appraisal Tool

Background: Interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness. However, mental healthcare users are still stigmatised.Objective: The objective of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence regarding interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness.Method: An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed to identify primary studies; systematic review identifid primary studies answering this research question: What best evidence is available regarding interventions to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness? A search was done on selected electronic databases. Seventeen studies (n = 17) were identifid as providing evidence that answered the research question. The following instruments were used: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice research evidence appraisal tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. The study was submitted to the Post-graduate Education and Research Committee of the School of Nursing Science at Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University for approval.Results: Results indicated some interventions that reduce the stigma attached to mental illness, such as web-based approaches, printed educational materials, documentary and antistigma fims, as well as live and video performances.Conclusions: Humanising interventions seems to have a positive effect on reducing stigma attached to mental illness. From the results and conclusions recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and research.Agtergrond: Ingrypings is ontwikkel en geïmplementeer om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder. Die persone wat aan geestesongesteldhede ly, ondervind egter steeds dat daar 'n stigma aan hulle kleef.Doelstellings: Die doel van die studie was om die beste beskikbare voorbeelde van intervensies om stigmatisering van geestesongesteldhede te verminder, krities saam te vat.Metode: ’n Verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gevolg om primêre studies te identifieer. ’n Sistematiese oorsig is gekies as metode om primêre studies te identifieer om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: Wat is die beste beskikbare voorbeelde vaningrypings om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder? ’n Ondersoek is gedoen op ’n uitgesoekte elektroniese databasis.Resultate: Tydens die keuring van studies is 17 studies geïdentifieer (n = 17) as bewyslewering en wat die navorsingsvraag beantwoord. Die volgende instrumente is gebruik: ‘Critical Appraisal Skills Programme’, ‘John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice’, ‘Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and Evidence Analysis Manual’, en ‘Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’.Gevolgtrekking: Die studie is aan die Nagraadse Onderrig- en Navorsingskomitee van die Skool van Verpleegkunde van die Potchefstroomkampus, Noordwes-Universiteit, voorgelê vir goedkeuring. Aanbevelings is geformuleer vir die verpleegpraktyk, verpleegonderrig ennavorsing.

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Integrating research and evidence-based guidance into prescribing practice

Journal of Prescribing Practice ◽

10.12968/jprp.2021.3.3.120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 120-123

Author(s):

Adam Bedson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Primary Source ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Prescribing Practice ◽

Critical Appraisal Skills

The College of Paramedics and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society are clear that they require advanced paramedics, as non-medical prescribers, to review and critically appraise the evidence base underpinning their prescribing practice. Evidence-based clinical guidance such as that published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is recommended as the primary source of evidence on which paramedics should base their prescribing decisions. NICE guidance reflects the best available evidence on which to base clinical decision-making. However, paramedics still need to critically appraise the evidence underpinning their prescribing, applying expertise and decision-making skills to inform their clinical reasoning. This is achieved by synthesising information from multiple sources to make appropriate, evidence-based judgments and diagnoses. This first article in the prescribing paramedic pharmacology series considers the importance of evidence-based paramedic prescribing, alongside a range of tools that can be used to develop and apply critical appraisal skills to support prescribing decision-making. These include critical appraisal check lists and research reporting tools

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Integrating research and evidence-based guidance into prescribing practice

Journal of Paramedic Practice ◽

10.12968/jpar.2021.13.1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

Adam Bedson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Primary Source ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Prescribing Practice ◽

Critical Appraisal Skills

The College of Paramedics and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society are clear that they require advanced paramedics, as non-medical prescribers, to review and critically appraise the evidence base underpinning their prescribing practice. Evidence-based clinical guidance such as that published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is recommended as the primary source of evidence on which paramedics should base their prescribing decisions. NICE guidance reflects the best available evidence on which to base clinical decision-making. However, paramedics still need to critically appraise the evidence underpinning their prescribing, applying expertise and decision-making skills to inform their clinical reasoning. This is achieved by synthesising information from multiple sources to make appropriate, evidence-based judgments and diagnoses. This first article in the prescribing paramedic pharmacology series considers the importance of evidence-based paramedic prescribing, alongside a range of tools that can be used to develop and apply critical appraisal skills to support prescribing decision-making. These include critical appraisal checklists and research reporting tools.

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The New Embryology Journal Club - eJC STAR format: An equation for evidence-based education and embryologists’ empowerment

10.31219/osf.io/x7fjs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fadi Choucair ◽

Nagham Younis

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Journal Club ◽

Journal Article ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Evidence Based Practices ◽

Traditional Lecture ◽

Journal Clubs ◽

Club Meeting

Journal clubs are a valuable tool to assist learners in the evaluation of scientific literature and to promote the adoption of evidence-based practices. The Middle East Fertility Society Embryology Specialty Interest Group developed a concise journal club to enhance the engagement of embryologists and provide the structure of a journal club. The embryology journal club STAR format is a monthly super group journal club meeting in which an invited presenting “star” author exposes his group’s article to the entire embryologist’s community. In our modified approach, instead of a traditional lecture, the journal article to be discussed will be sent to participants in advance in conjunction with the STAR (Study design validity, Tackling the methodology, Analysis of the results, Reflecting the results into practice) critical appraisal checklist and a short online quiz to be completed before the meeting. The concise embryology journal club STAR format may be beneficial for embryologists to help them develop an efficient and consistent means to appraise evidence in clinical practice and stay abreast of the latest clinical research.

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Critical appraisal

Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/med/9780198735564.003.0017 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 285-302

Author(s):

Jo Thompson Coon ◽

Rebecca Abbott

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Case Control ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Worked Example ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Critical Appraisal Skills ◽

Based Medicine

This chapter provides an introduction to the principles of critical appraisal and explains why critical appraisal skills are important in practice and research. Guidance is provided on how to approach the critical appraisal of different types of study including cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and qualitative studies. A worked example is provided at the end of the chapter to illustrate the process. Developing skills in critical appraisal will help readers to assess the credibility, relevance, and value of the results of research and is an essential component of practising evidence-based medicine.

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Shouldering the Burden of Evidence-Based Practice: The Experiences of Physiotherapists Partaking in a Community of Practice

Rehabilitation Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/9051378 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Karen McCreesh ◽

Louise Larkin ◽

Jeremy Lewis

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Community Of Practice ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Personal Development ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Continuing Professional Development ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Journal Clubs ◽

Semistructured Interviews

The study aim was to elicit the motivators, barriers, and benefits of participation in a Community of Practice (CoP) for primary care physiotherapists. We used a qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. The participants were twelve physiotherapists partaking in a newly formed Shoulder CoP. A desire for peer support was the strongest motivator for joining, with improving clinical practice being less apparent. Barriers to participation included time and work pressures and poor research skills. The structure of the CoP, in terms of access to meetings and the provision of preparation work and deadlines for the journal clubs, was reported to be a facilitator. Multiple benefits ensued from participation. The role of teamwork was emphasised in relation to reducing isolation and achieving goals. The majority of participants reported positive clinical practice changes in terms of improved patient education, increased confidence, and availability of new resources. All participants reported some element of personal growth and development, in particular in their evidence-based practice skills. The results provide support for the use of CoPs as a means of continuing professional development for physiotherapists in the workplace, as significant benefits are gained in terms of evidence-based practice (EBP), patient care, and therapist personal development.

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When Experiments Need Models

Philosophy of the Social Sciences ◽

10.1177/00483931211008542 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004839312110085

Author(s):

Donal Khosrowi

Keyword(s):

General Framework ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Causal Effects ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Important Type ◽

Evidence Based Policy

This paper argues that an important type of experiment-target inference, extrapolating causal effects, requires models to be successful. Focusing on extrapolation in Evidence-Based Policy, it is argued that extrapolation should be understood not as an inference from an experiment to a target directly, but as a hybrid inference that involves experiments and models. A general framework, METI, is proposed to capture this role of models, and several benefits are outlined: (1) METI highlights epistemically significant interactions between experiments and models, (2) reconciles some differences among existing accounts of experiment-target relationships, and (3) facilitates critical appraisal of inferential practices from experiments.

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