scholarly journals A critical synthesis of interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenetsoe B. Seroalo ◽  
Emmerentia Du Plessis ◽  
Magdalena P. Koen ◽  
Vicki Koen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Background: Interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness. However, mental healthcare users are still stigmatised.Objective: The objective of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence regarding interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness.Method: An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed to identify primary studies; systematic review identifid primary studies answering this research question: What best evidence is available regarding interventions to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness? A search was done on selected electronic databases. Seventeen studies (n = 17) were identifid as providing evidence that answered the research question. The following instruments were used: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice research evidence appraisal tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. The study was submitted to the Post-graduate Education and Research Committee of the School of Nursing Science at Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University for approval.Results: Results indicated some interventions that reduce the stigma attached to mental illness, such as web-based approaches, printed educational materials, documentary and antistigma fims, as well as live and video performances.Conclusions: Humanising interventions seems to have a positive effect on reducing stigma attached to mental illness. From the results and conclusions recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and research.Agtergrond: Ingrypings is ontwikkel en geïmplementeer om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder. Die persone wat aan geestesongesteldhede ly, ondervind egter steeds dat daar 'n stigma aan hulle kleef.Doelstellings: Die doel van die studie was om die beste beskikbare voorbeelde van intervensies om stigmatisering van geestesongesteldhede te verminder, krities saam te vat.Metode: ’n Verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gevolg om primêre studies te identifieer. ’n Sistematiese oorsig is gekies as metode om primêre studies te identifieer om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: Wat is die beste beskikbare voorbeelde vaningrypings om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder? ’n Ondersoek is gedoen op ’n uitgesoekte elektroniese databasis.Resultate: Tydens die keuring van studies is 17 studies geïdentifieer (n = 17) as bewyslewering en wat die navorsingsvraag beantwoord. Die volgende instrumente is gebruik: ‘Critical Appraisal Skills Programme’, ‘John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice’, ‘Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and Evidence Analysis Manual’, en ‘Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’.Gevolgtrekking: Die studie is aan die Nagraadse Onderrig- en Navorsingskomitee van die Skool van Verpleegkunde van die Potchefstroomkampus, Noordwes-Universiteit, voorgelê vir goedkeuring. Aanbevelings is geformuleer vir die verpleegpraktyk, verpleegonderrig ennavorsing.

Integrating research and evidence-based guidance into prescribing practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Adam Bedson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

The College of Paramedics and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society are clear that they require advanced paramedics, as non-medical prescribers, to review and critically appraise the evidence base underpinning their prescribing practice. Evidence-based clinical guidance such as that published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is recommended as the primary source of evidence on which paramedics should base their prescribing decisions. NICE guidance reflects the best available evidence on which to base clinical decision-making. However, paramedics still need to critically appraise the evidence underpinning their prescribing, applying expertise and decision-making skills to inform their clinical reasoning. This is achieved by synthesising information from multiple sources to make appropriate, evidence-based judgments and diagnoses. This first article in the prescribing paramedic pharmacology series considers the importance of evidence-based paramedic prescribing, alongside a range of tools that can be used to develop and apply critical appraisal skills to support prescribing decision-making. These include critical appraisal check lists and research reporting tools

Integrating research and evidence-based guidance into prescribing practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Adam Bedson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

The College of Paramedics and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society are clear that they require advanced paramedics, as non-medical prescribers, to review and critically appraise the evidence base underpinning their prescribing practice. Evidence-based clinical guidance such as that published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is recommended as the primary source of evidence on which paramedics should base their prescribing decisions. NICE guidance reflects the best available evidence on which to base clinical decision-making. However, paramedics still need to critically appraise the evidence underpinning their prescribing, applying expertise and decision-making skills to inform their clinical reasoning. This is achieved by synthesising information from multiple sources to make appropriate, evidence-based judgments and diagnoses. This first article in the prescribing paramedic pharmacology series considers the importance of evidence-based paramedic prescribing, alongside a range of tools that can be used to develop and apply critical appraisal skills to support prescribing decision-making. These include critical appraisal checklists and research reporting tools.

RESEARCH IN CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY: CURRENT APPROACHES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
Sharanya Bose. ◽  
Subhapriya Mandal ◽  
Ravi Prakash B S ◽  
Himadri Chakrabarty ◽  
Abhijit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Periodontal Research ◽  
Evidence Based Dentistry

Research in the eld of periodontology has observed a huge upheaval in the last two decades unveiling newer alterations in techniques, methodologies, and material science. The recent centre of attention in periodontal research is an evidence-based approach which offers a bridge from science to clinical practice. Research inculcates scientic and inductive thinking and it promotes the development of logical habits of thinking and organization. In terms of research methodology, the article aim to inform the reader on topics relating to randomized controlled trials in periodontal research, evidence-based dentistry, calibration of clinical examiners and statistics relevant to periodontal research.

Critical appraisal

2020 ◽  
pp. 285-302
Author(s):  
Jo Thompson Coon ◽  
Rebecca Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Based Medicine

This chapter provides an introduction to the principles of critical appraisal and explains why critical appraisal skills are important in practice and research. Guidance is provided on how to approach the critical appraisal of different types of study including cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and qualitative studies. A worked example is provided at the end of the chapter to illustrate the process. Developing skills in critical appraisal will help readers to assess the credibility, relevance, and value of the results of research and is an essential component of practising evidence-based medicine.

scholarly journals Role of Evidence-Based Reviews in Surgery in teaching critical appraisal skills and in journal clubs

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. E98-E102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ahmadi ◽  
Luc Dubois ◽  
Marg McKenzie ◽  
Carl Brown ◽  
Anthony MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Journal Clubs ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators experienced by osteopaths in implementing a biopsychosocial (BPS) framework of care when managing people with musculoskeletal pain – a mixed methods systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesava Kovanur Sampath ◽  
Ben Darlow ◽  
Steve Tumilty ◽  
Warwick Shillito ◽  
Melissa Hanses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Review Finding ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines commonly recommend adopting a biopsychosocial (BPS) framework by practitioners managing musculoskeletal pain. However, it remains unclear how osteopaths implement a BPS framework in the management of musculoskeletal pain. Hence, the objective of this review was to systematically appraise the literature on the current practices, barriers and facilitators experienced by osteopaths in implementing a BPS framework of care when managing people with musculoskeletal pain. Methods The following electronic databases from January 2005 to August 2020 were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, ProQuest Central and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers reviewed the articles retrieved from the databases to assess for eligibility. Any studies (quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods) that investigated the use or application of the BPS approach in osteopathic practice were included in the review. The critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklist was used to appraise the qualitative studies and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to appraise quantitative or mixed methods studies. Advanced convergent meta-integration was used to synthesise data from quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Results A total of 6 studies (two quantitative, three qualitative and one mixed methods) were included in the final review. While two key concepts (current practice and embracing a BPS approach) were generated using advanced meta-integration synthesis, two concepts (barriers and enablers) were informed from qualitative only data. Discussion Our review finding showed that current osteopathic practice occurs within in the biomedical model of care. Although, osteopaths are aware of the theoretical underpinnings of the BPS model and identified the need to embrace it, various barriers exist that may prevent osteopaths from implementing the BPS model in clinical practice. Ongoing education and/or workshops may be necessary to enable osteopaths to implement a BPS approach.

scholarly journals How to appraise clinical guidelines

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-761
Author(s):  
James P. Warner ◽  
Robert Blizard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Aims and methodWe critically appraised clinical guidelines for the use of antidepressants, using an evidence-based approach.ResultsWe were unable to identify recent guidelines. The appraisal tool we used failed to identify some of the difficulties now apparent when considering the validity and utility of guidelines.Clinical implicationsCritical appraisal tools are useful in providing a framework for assessing published material, but run the risk of blinding us with their simplicity.

Evidence-Based Practice for Career Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Development Interventions

Evidence is essential to enable practitioners and services to best meet the needs of their service users. The concept of evidence-based practice has been imported to career development, but its implicit medical model is problematic to apply to the social nature of the field. Evaluating the effectiveness of career development interventions presents formidable methodological challenges, not least the conceptual and definitional issues raised by the selection of outcome measures. The use of research evidence in policy and practice requires the synthesis and communication of findings to practitioners and stakeholders. Both policymaking and practice are political processes and research evidence is necessary but not sufficient to influence decision-making. Knowledge generated from research can rarely be applied to career development practice without attention to multilevel contextual factors. To best inform practice, research evidence should be combined with local knowledge, practitioner experience, and input from service users. A simple integrated model of evidence-based practice for career development interventions is presented. This model is suitable for adoption by reflective practitioners.

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