The Effects of Nateglinide Following Oral Glucose Load in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Subjects: Rapid Insulin Stimulation by Nateglinide in IGT Subjects.

Abstract. The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of a methionine-enkephalin analogue (FK 33-824) on glucose tolerance in man. Groups of 5 to 8 normal subjects were given a 0.5 mg im injection of the drug or placebo just before a 100 g oral glucose load or a 0.5 g/kg iv glucose load. In the enkephalin analogue treated subjects, diminished insulin response to glucose was observed following the oral glucose load, with insulin values significantly lower than in the controls from time 10 to 90 min, but no corresponding change in the glucose curve. This effect was not observed when glucose was given iv in another group of 5 subjects in whom the significant blunting of the insulin response was accompanied by a significant decrease in glucose tolerance. These observations demonstrate that in man, enkephalin produces a decrease in insulin secretion in response to both oral and iv glucose loads. The absence of any marked impairment in glucose tolerance in the oral test in spite of the decreased insulin response suggests that enkephalin might have an additional effect in delaying glucose absorption.

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Contraction-mediated glucose uptake is increased in men with impaired glucose tolerance

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h06-098 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Camilla Skov-Jensen ◽

Mette Skovbro ◽

Anne Flint ◽

Jørn Wulff Helge ◽

Flemming Dela

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Insulin Stimulation ◽

Fat Percentage

Exercise superimposed on insulin stimulation is shown to increase muscle glucose metabolism and these two stimuli have synergistic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate glucose infusion rates (GIR) in groups with a wide variation in terms of insulin sensitivity during insulin stimulation alone and with superimposed exercise. Patients with type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), healthy controls, and endurance-trained subjects were studied. The groups were matched for age and lean body mass (LBM), and differed in peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose concentration, and oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Each subject underwent a two-step sequential hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. During the last 30 min of the 2nd clamp step, subjects exercised on a bicycle at 43% ± 2% of VO2 peak. In agreement with the OGTT data, the presence of different GIR during insulin stimulation alone demonstrated varying levels of insulin sensitivity between groups. However, the impairment of GIR in IGT observed during insulin stimulation alone was abolished compared to controls when exercise was superimposed on insulin stimulation. Humans with IGT are resistant to insulin-stimulated but not to exercise-induced glucose uptake.

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An Oral Glucose Load Decreases Postprandial Extracellular Vesicles in Obese Adults with and without Prediabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalie Z. M. Eichner ◽

Nicole M. Gilbertson ◽

Luca Musante ◽

Sabrina La Salvia ◽

Arthur Weltman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Annexin V ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Obese Adults

Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel biomediator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of hyperglycemia on EVs in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would promote changes in EVs in relation to CVD risk. Twenty-five obese adults (Age: 52.4 ± 3.2 year, BMI: 32.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were screened for normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 8) and prediabetes (PD, n = 17) using American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g OGTT and/or HbA1c). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance) and fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Arterial stiffness (augmentation index; AIx) was measured at 0, 60- and 120-min while insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids were evaluated every 30 min during the OGTT to assess CVD risk. Annexin V positive (AV+) and Annexin V negative (AV-) total EVs, platelet EVs (CD31+/CD41+; CD41+), leukocyte EVs (CD45+; CD45+/CD41−), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) (CD31+) and endothelial EVs (CD 31+/CD41−; CD105+) were collected at 0 and 120 min. There were no differences in age, BMI, or body fat between NGT and PD (all P > 0.63). Total EVs, AV+ CD31+ (PECAM), and AV+ CD31+/CD41- (endothelial) EVs decreased after the OGTT (P ≤ 0.04). Circulating insulin at 2-h correlated with elevated post-prandial AV- CD45+ (r = 0.48, P = 0.04) while arterial stiffness related to reduced total EVs (r = −0.49, P = 0.03) and AV+CD41+ (platelet) (r = −0.52, P = 0.02). An oral glucose load lowers post-prandial total, platelet, and endothelial EVs in obese adults with NGT and prediabetes in relation to CVD risk.

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Effects of ethinyl estradiol combined with desogestrel and cyproterone acetate on glucose tolerance and insulin response to an oral glucose load: A one-year randomized, prospective, comparative trial

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/0002-9378(90)90586-v ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 163 (1) ◽

pp. 378-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bernard J. Jandrain ◽

Dominique M.P. Humblet ◽

Christiane B. Jaminet ◽

André J. Scheen ◽

Ulysse J. Gaspard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cyproterone Acetate ◽

Ethinyl Estradiol ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Comparative Trial ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

One Year

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Short-Term Effect of a 75 g Oral Glucose Load on Glycohaemoglobin Levels

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328702400108 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard D Forrest ◽

Caroline A Jackson ◽

Barry J Gould ◽

Marianne Casburn-Budd ◽

Julie E Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Assay Method ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Electrophoretic Method

Two hundred and twenty-three subjects out of a total of 347 with various degrees of glucose tolerance were recalled after a screening survey for diabetes. They were a randomly selected sample of people over the age of 40 and they underwent a formal 75 g glucose tolerance test in order to assess the effect of a glucose load on glycohaemoglobin levels measured by four different assay methods. Oral glucose loading was found to affect glycohaemoglobin levels only when these were measured by an agar-gel electrophoretic method that did not remove the labile aldimine-linked Schiff base fraction. The increase in glycohaemoglobin during the glucose tolerance test as estimated by this method was proportional to the 2 h blood glucose level. Glycohaemoglobin levels measured by agar-gel electrophoresis with elimination of the Schiff base, by affinity chromatography and by iso-electric focussing, were not affected by a 75 g oral glucose load. We conclude that blood samples for glycohaemoglobin assay may be collected at any time of the day, without regard to the subject's previous food intake, provided an assay method is used that removed the aldimine-linked labile fraction.

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