Chapter Five. Islamization in Classical Arabic Central Asia

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-99
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Classical Arabic

scholarly journals The Persian Translation of Arabic Aesthetics: Rādūyānī's Rhetorical Renaissance

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gould
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Persian Translation

Notwithstanding its value as the earliest extant New Persian treatment of the art of rhetoric, Rādūyānī's Interpreter of Rhetoric (Tarjumān al-Balāgha) has yet to be read from the vantage point of comparative poetics. Composed in the Ferghana region of modern Central Asia between the end of the eleventh century and the beginning of the twelfth century, Rādūyānī's vernacularization of classical Arabic norms inaugurated literary theory in the New Persian language. I argue here that Rādūyānī's vernacularization is most consequential with respect to its transformation of the classical Arabic tropes of metaphor (istiʿāra) and comparison (tashbīh) to suit the new exigencies of a New Persian literary culture. In reversing the relation between metaphor and comparison enshrined in Arabic aesthetics, Rādūyānī concretized the Persian contribution to the global study of literary form.

Islamization in Classical Arabic Central Asia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Classical Arabic

This chapter examines Islamization in Classical Arabic Central Asia. The Arab Empire founded by the prophet Muhammad expanded rapidly, defeating the Byzantine Empire and capturing Syria (637) and Egypt (640). At the same time, the Arabs defeated the Sasanid Persian Empire (637) and raced across Persia into Central Asia. Within a very short time, early Arab Islamic culture came into direct, intimate contact with several major civilized areas, including the Graeco-Roman-influenced cultures of the Levant and North Africa, Persian culture, and the Buddhist cultures of Central Asia. From them the Muslims adopted various cultural elements. This chapter considers when, where, and how the Muslims acquired the recursive argument method and the Islamic college or madrasa. It shows that the recursive argument method is used in Arabic works by the Central Asian scientist and philosopher Avicenna.

Judaeo-Arabic and Judaeo-Persian

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Khan
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Classical Arabic

The term ‘Judaeo-Arabic’ refers to a type of Arabic that was used by Jews and was distinct in some way from other types of Arabic. The Arabic language was used by Jews in Arabia before the rise of Islam. From the point of view of linguistic form, the following characteristic features of written Judaeo-Arabic can be identified: it is written in Hebrew script; it exhibits deviations from Classical Arabic; and it contains Hebrew and Aramaic elements. ‘Judaeo-Persian’ refers to Persian used by Jews. Like Judaeo-Arabic, Judaeo-Persian is not a uniform linguistic entity. The term is used to refer to both a written and a spoken form of language. The geographical area in which it was used extended beyond the boundaries of Iran and included Afghanistan, part of the Caucasus, and much of Central Asia. Judaeo-Persian in its written form is represented in Hebrew script.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Classical Arabic

This book investigates how the recursive argument method, the actual medieval “scientific method,” was transmitted along with the college to medieval Western Europe from Classical Arabic civilization, and how the Muslims of Central Asia had earlier adopted both from Buddhist Central Asian civilization. It analyzes the recursive argument method and gives examples showing its formation and development at each stage and in each of the relevant languages. This chapter considers the recursive argument method and related issues, especially the colleges, in the context of the full scientific culture that developed in medieval Western Europe in connection with the transmission of these two cultural elements.

Conclusion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter raises three objections about the development of a full scientific culture and examines the modern descendants of the recursive argument method. It suggests that colleges and the recursive argument method, though they had developed together in Buddhist Central Asia, and continued to develop in Islamic guise when that region converted to Islam, seem to have been focused mainly on theology and religious jurisprudence in Classical Arabic civilization. It also discusses the difference between a civilization that has a few scientists and some science, and a civilization that has a full scientific culture. Finally, it considers the scientific method, the use of the recursive scientific method in modern science, experimental psychology, and the ideal structure of a modern humanities dissertation.

The Russian Conquest of Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR MINAT NASABAH MEMILIKI KARTU KREDIT BCA PADA PT. BANK CENTRAL ASIA CABANG MANGGA BESAR RAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2B) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Asna Manullang ◽  
Debih Arliana
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Promotion Process

Tingkat pencapaian minat nasabah untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA dipengaruhi oleh delapan kelompok variabel yang dikenal sebagai 8P yaitu Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Process, Physical evidence, People dan Produktivity and quality. Penelitian dilakukan di PT.Bank Central Asia, Jalan Mangga Besar Raya No. 128 Jakarta Pusat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh faktor-faktor minat nasabah memiliki kartu kredit BCA. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metoda yaitu metoda deskriptif yaitu mengembangkan produk dan jasa yang sudah ada dan analisa kuantitatif dibagi menjadi dua analisa yang pertama analisa uji validitas dan analisa uji reabilitas. Data yang dianalisa yaitu analisis faktorfaktor yang menjadi daya tarik konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA dapat dihitung dan diteliti langsung, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0. Responden telah mengisi 33 pertanyaan yang disebut dengan variabel dengan nilai skor dan dibagi berdasarkan kelompok sebagai faktornya. Hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan daya tarik konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA ada 7 faktor utama. Faktor pertama Produk dengan nilai varians (11,74), faktor ke dua adalah Harga dengan nilai varians (10,73%), faktor ke tiga adalah Distribusi dengan nilai varians (8%), faktor ke empat adalah Promosi dengan nilai varians (7,77%), faktor ke lima adalah Proses dengan nilai varians (6,75%), faktor ke enam adalah Fisik dengan nilai varians (6,28%) dan faktor ke tujuh adalah Kualitas dengan nilai varians (5,76%). Faktor produk merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA. Faktor ini dapat menerangkan keragaman data (varians) sebesar 11,74%. Dari beberapa analisis yang diperoleh bahwa faktor produk sangat berpengaruhi positif terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam memiliki kartu kredit BCA karena konsumen menginginkan produk yang baik agar dapat mempermudah transaksi dimana saja dan kapan saja. Kata Kunci: BCA, kartu kredit, Keputusan Nasabah

The Elachistidae of southern Siberia and Central Asia, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera)¹

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Southern Siberia

The Elachistidae material collected during the joint Soviet-Finnish entomological expeditions to the Altai mountains, Baikal region and Tianshan mountains of the previous USSR is listed. Previous literature dealing with the Elachistidae in Central Asia is reviewed. A total of 40 species are dealt with, including descriptions of five new species: Stephensia jalmarella sp. n. (Altai), Elachista baikalica sp. n. (Baikal), E. talgarella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan), E. esmeralda sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan) and E. filicornella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan). The previously unknown females of E. bimaculata Parenti, 1981 and Biselachista zonulae Sruoga, 1992 are described.

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