Judaeo-Arabic and Judaeo-Persian

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Khan
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Classical Arabic

The term ‘Judaeo-Arabic’ refers to a type of Arabic that was used by Jews and was distinct in some way from other types of Arabic. The Arabic language was used by Jews in Arabia before the rise of Islam. From the point of view of linguistic form, the following characteristic features of written Judaeo-Arabic can be identified: it is written in Hebrew script; it exhibits deviations from Classical Arabic; and it contains Hebrew and Aramaic elements. ‘Judaeo-Persian’ refers to Persian used by Jews. Like Judaeo-Arabic, Judaeo-Persian is not a uniform linguistic entity. The term is used to refer to both a written and a spoken form of language. The geographical area in which it was used extended beyond the boundaries of Iran and included Afghanistan, part of the Caucasus, and much of Central Asia. Judaeo-Persian in its written form is represented in Hebrew script.

scholarly journals THE CAUCASIAN POLICY OF THE SELJUK STATE IN TURKISH HISTORIOGRAPHY

Globus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
M.J. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Decisive Victory

The Caucasus region has always been in the center of attention of great powers, as it is located in a very favorable geographical area. The Caucasus was also of great importance to the Seljuk Turks, who established a state after a decisive victory over the Ghaznavids in the Battle of Dandanakan. As it is known, after the establishment of the Seljuk state by the Turks, their main policy was to advance to the west, to seize Anatolia and turn Anatolia into Turkish lands. The Caucasus region was the gateway to Anatolia. From this point of view, the Caucasus was of great military-strategic importance for the Seljuks. However, the study of the Caucasian policy of the Seljuk Turks began a little late in Turkish historiography. The article examines the research work written on this topic and determines the level of study of the topic in Turkish historiography.

scholarly journals The reasons for the refusal of children from 13- 18 years to speak standard Arabic from the point of view of teachers and parents in Jeddah civic schools: أسباب عزوف الأبناء من 13- 18 سنة عن التحدث باللغة العربية الفصحى من وجهة نظر المعلمين وأولياء الأمور في مدارس مدينة جدة

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtisam Rashad Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge ◽  
Classical Arabic

The study aimed to identify the reasons for the reluctance of children from 13 to 18 years to speak standard Arabic from the point of view of teachers and parents in the schools of Jeddah, as well as the search for differences of statistical significance between the average responses of sample members in the reluctance of children to speak standard Arabic, The researcher used the descriptive analytical method. The study population consisted of 60 teachers. The sample consisted of 60 teachers. The researcher used the open and closed questionnaire to search them. The statistical methods were used. The researcher analyzed and processed the research results. Among the sample of the study on the reluctance of children from 13- 18 years to talk about the classical Arabic language, the most important of which is that the reasons of children's reluctance to speak Arabic language physical weakness of their families, which leads them to work after the end of school hours, and overcrowded children, (55- 60) students. This negatively affects the son's understanding and understanding of the material, which leads to the failure to speak the standard Arabic language, the poor teacher's knowledge of modern teaching methods, the failure of the teacher to follow the mistakes of the children when speaking Arabic, The lack of interest of teachers and the management of schools with vulnerable children, the lack of adequate time allocated to the quotas of the Arabic language, and the lack of courses that allow the teacher to see the latest developments in education.

Review of leaf beetles from the genus Entomoscelis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kazakhstan and Central Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4619 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
YURI E. MIKHAILOV
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
First Time

From the leaf beetle genus Entomoscelis only E. adonidis (Pallas) has been reliably recorded for Kazakhstan and major parts of Central Asia so far. Distribution of E. adonidis is first mapped in Kazakhstan in connection to natural zonation. Besides, the records of this species in Central Asia are summarized, southern and south-eastern borders of its distribution area are first clearly demonstrated. E. pilula Lopatin described from Azerbaijan and hitherto known only from the Caucasus is first recorded from Western Kazakhstan. E. sacra is recorded from South Kazakhstan and for the first time from South Urals in Russia and Ukraine. The identity of E. sacra is discussed. A key is provided for the Entomoscelis species from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Trans-Caspian type of distribution of E. pilula is discussed from a zoogeographical point of view. 

CAPRICCIOʼS GENRE IN MANDOLIN MUSIC AT THE END OF THE 19th – THE EARLY OF THE 20th CENTURIES (for example of the concert pieces by С. Munier)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
N. V. Bashmakova ◽  
K. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Concert Works ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.

LES AXES DE LA CRÉATION ET LA NAISSANCE DE LʹIMAGINAIRE COMME LANGAGE MYTHIQUE

Trictrac ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Danciu ◽  
Petru Adrian Danciu
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Religious Systems ◽  
Rich Spectrum

The axes of the creation and birth of the imaginary as a mythical language. Our research follows the relationships of the concepts that are taking into account creation on the double axis of verticality and horizontality. We highlight those symbolic elements which would later constitute the mythical language about the sacred space-temporality. Inside this space-temporality a rich spectrum of mythical images develops; images capable of explaining the relationships of the creation plans. Without a religious perception of the temporality, the conceptualization of the axis would remain a philosophical approach. Through our point of view, the two are born simultaneously. Thanks to them, creation can be imagined. The first “frozen” formula of the mystical human spirit can be thought, brought to a palpable reality, expressed in an oral and then a written form. Studied together, temporality (sacred or not) and space are permanently imagined together. For example, a loss of mundane temporality in the secret ecstasy that offers to the soul an ascending direction does not mean getting out of universal temporality, but of its mundane section. In the sacred space the soul relates to time. Even the gods are submitted by the sacred, Aeon sometimes being synonymous to destiny. The universal creator seems to evade every touch, but not consistently, only when he avoids the descent into its created worlds. In sacredness, time and space seem or become confused, both expressing the same reality, by the immediate swing from thinking to deed. The mythical imagery conceives the displacement in the primary space-temporality by the spoken word. So, for something to appear and live, the spoken word is required. Even the divine dream appears as a pre-word of a creator’s thought. The thought follows the spoken word, the spoken word follows the gestures which finally indicate the meanings of the creative act, controlling the rhythm of the creation days. These three will later be adapted through imitation in rite. We are now situated at the limit of the physical world, a real challenge for the mythical imagery. The general feature of the mythical expression on the creation of the material world is the state of the divinity’s exhaustion, most often conceptualized by sacrifice or divine fatigue. The world geography identifies with the anatomy of a self-gutted god. Practically, material creation is most likely the complete revelation of God’s body autopsy. As each body decomposes, everything in it is an illusion. An axial approach of the phenomenon exists in all religious systems. The created element’s origin is exterior, with or without a pre-existing matter, by a god’s sacrifice or only because it has to be that way. This is the starting point of the discussion on the symbolism of axiality as a reason for the constitution of the language of creation, capable of retelling the imaginary construction of myth in an oral and then written form.

The Problem of the Formation of Philosophical Prose in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand.

Commercial Linkages with Central Asia and Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Northern India

While it may seem counterintuitive, the increase in Mughal India’s maritime trade contributed to a tightening of overland commercial connections with its Asian neighbors. The primary agents in this process were “Multanis,” members of any number of heavily capitalized, caste-based family firms centered in the northwest Indian region of Multan. The Multani firms had earlier developed an integrated commercial system that extended across the Punjab, Sind, and much of northern India. In the middle of the sixteenth century, Multanis first appear in historical sources as having established their own communities in Central Asia and Iran. By the middle of the seventeenth century, at any given point in time, a rotating population of some 35,000 Indian merchants orchestrated a network of communities that extended across dozens, if not hundreds, of cities and villages in Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Iran, stretching up the Caucasus and into Russia.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

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