Chapter 1: Contemporary Conflict Resolution: An Overview of the Field and the Core Components of its Educational Programs

Author(s):  
Osamu Sawada

Chapter 1 introduces the aim and the target phenomenon of this book, that is, the dual-use phenomenon of scalar modifiers and the meaning and use of pragmatic scalar modifiers. After a brief overview of the current views on the notion of conventional implicatures (CIs) and the semantics/pragmatics interface, and observation of data for the dual-use phenomenon of pragmatic scalar modifiers, this book raises questions concerning (i) the similarities and differences between at-issue scalar meanings and CI (not-at-issue) scalar meanings, (ii) variations in pragmatic scalar modifiers, (iii) the interpretations of embedded pragmatic scalar modifiers, and (iv) the historical development of pragmatic scalar modifiers. It then also briefly outlines the core ideas and analytical directions used for answering these questions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 107278
Author(s):  
Jhonattan Miranda ◽  
Christelle Navarrete ◽  
Julieta Noguez ◽  
José-Martin Molina-Espinosa ◽  
María-Soledad Ramírez-Montoya ◽  
...  

i-com ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Aastrand Grimnes ◽  
Benjamin Adrian ◽  
Sven Schwarz ◽  
Heiko Maus ◽  
Kinga Schumacher ◽  
...  

AbstractThis article describes the Semantic Desktop. We give insights into the core services that aim to improve personal knowledge management on the desktop. We describe these core components of our Semantic Desktop system and give evaluation results. Results of a long-term study reveal effects of using the Semantic Desktop on personal knowledge work.


2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2504-2509
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Qiao Xiang Gu

The equipment, called detection platform of the cylinders, is used for detecting cylinders so that cylinders can be at ease use. In order to transmit the real-time detection data to PC for further processing, the platform should be connected with PC. Cable connection, in some production and environmental conditions, is limited. Under the circumstance, building wireless network is the better choice. Through comparative studying, ZigBee is chosen to be the technology for building wireless network. ZigBee chip and ZigBee2006 protocol stack are the core components in the ZigBee nodes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari-Anne Newman ◽  
Michael J. Daniels ◽  
J. Maxwell Dow

Pre-treatment of leaves of pepper (Capsicum annuum) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from enteric bacteria and Xanthomonas campestris could prevent the hypersensitive response caused by an avirulent X. campestris strain. By use of a range of deep-rough mutants, the minimal structure in Salmonella LPS responsible for the elicitation of this effect was determined to be lipid A attached to a disaccharide of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate; lipid A alone and the free core oligosaccharide from a Salmonella Ra mutant were not effective. For Xanthomonas, the core oligosaccharide alone had activity although lipid A was not effective. The results suggest that pepper cells can recognize different structures within bacterial LPS to trigger alterations in plant response to avirulent pathogens.


Author(s):  
Ralf Wilden ◽  
Timothy M. Devinney ◽  
Nidthida Lin

Some management scholars doubt the value of the dynamic capability view when compared to existing theories. The concern expressed is often related to unclear definitions of the core construct and the relationship among the components that make up that construct. The end result is potentially confused and conflicting interpretations of empirical findings and non-commensurate measurement. One solution is to formalize core components of the theory at hand. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss or argue for (or against) the theoretical status of the dynamic capability view, but to provide a simple, yet insightful, structured model of its core components. Specifically, this paper takes as its basis the perspective of dynamic capabilities as comprising the sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes that are deployed to create a resource base aimed at satisfying evolving market demand; it presents a simple but formal way of characterizing its components.


2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (10) ◽  
pp. 3179-3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jingchao Wu ◽  
Cecilia de Heus ◽  
Ilya Grigoriev ◽  
Nalan Liv ◽  
...  

End-binding proteins (EBs) are the core components of microtubule plus end tracking protein complexes, but it is currently unknown whether they are essential for mammalian microtubule organization. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology, we generated stable cell lines lacking EB2 and EB3 and the C-terminal partner-binding half of EB1. These cell lines show only mild defects in cell division and microtubule polymerization. However, the length of CAMSAP2-decorated stretches at noncentrosomal microtubule minus ends in these cells is reduced, microtubules are detached from Golgi membranes, and the Golgi complex is more compact. Coorganization of microtubules and Golgi membranes depends on the EB1/EB3–myomegalin complex, which acts as membrane–microtubule tether and counteracts tight clustering of individual Golgi stacks. Disruption of EB1 and EB3 also perturbs cell migration, polarity, and the distribution of focal adhesions. EB1 and EB3 thus affect multiple interphase processes and have a major impact on microtubule minus end organization.


Brain Injury ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1646-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Clark-Wilson ◽  
Gordon Muir Giles ◽  
Doreen M. Baxter

2013 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
I.M. Boguslavskij

We consider Russian coordinative constructions with paired conjunctions, such as i?i ?both?and?, ili?ili ?either?or?, ni?ni ?neither?nor?, ne tol'ko?no i ?not only?but also?, ne?a ?not?but?, etc. The paper presents a class of syntactic constructions, so-called asymmetric constructions, which are interesting in several respects. They are closely related to coordinative constructions, although they do not share their principal property - the identity of syntactic functions of coordinated elements. They take up an intermediate position between standard syntax and ungrammaticality. On the one hand, the sentence is within the grammatical norm. On the other hand, its structure underwent a deformation that left a trace. We propose a description that accounts for their closeness to and difference from standard - symmetric - constructions. Symmetric constructions with paired conjunctions are convenient to describe as a result of two transformations occurring in the semantic structure: Deletion and Transfer. Asymmetric constructions are obtained when only one of these transformations is applied. Accordingly, two subclasses of asymmetric constructions can be distinguished - ?Deletion-Without-Transfer? constructions and ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions. The latter class has a strong pragmatic marking. The core of this class are ?failed? symmetric constructions. The speaker begins to build a symmetric construction but faces an obstacle of syntactic nature, which prevents him from completing this plan. ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions constitute a legalized way of overcoming syntactic conflicts.


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