Implicatures in Altfatah Nando’s Short Movie Terlanjur Mencinta

YouTube has been flooded with contents within a movie genre, mostly the products by junior creators. It is therefore important to appreciate their works to maintain their creativities and innovations. Positive responses to such literary works are also required to improve their quality writing. The current study was aimed at identifying and at the same time construing the implicatures found in each act of the movie entitled “Terlanjur Mencinta” directed by Alfatah Nando. George Yule’s pragmatic theory (1996) was used in relation to implicatures caused by conversational maxims (Grice, 1975) supported by linguistic evidence-based contextual interpretation, namely utterances and stage directions. Findings show that generalized conversational implicatures were identified, namely 12 implicatures in which 42% was due to violation of manner maxim, 33% attributed to that of relation maxim, 17% due to that of quantity maxim, and 8% due to that of quality maxim. In addition, 4 conventional implicatures were found in the monologue. The study concludes that the implicatures can be easily understood through the contexts of situations. It is recommended that future researchers can formulate the ideal proportion and distribution of implicatures in a particular text in terms of quality, employing comparative rhetoric and a special research instrument.

Minimizer negative polarity items in non-negative contexts

Minimizer strong NPIs such as ˋˋlift a finger'' are known to be more restricted in their occurrence than weak NPIs like ˋˋever''. Sedivy 1990 points to contexts with a ˋˋnegative side message'' in which ˋˋlift a finger'' can occur but ˋˋever'' cannot. The paper provides a short overview over the relevant contexts and proposes an extension of a representational theory of NPI licensing with the following components: First, an utterance content is introduced that enriches the primary truth-conditional content by conventional implicatures and generalized conversational implicatures. Second, ˋˋever''-type NPIs can be licensed by weak NPI licensors, but only in the primary truth-conditional meaning of an utterance. ˋˋLift-a-finger''-type NPIs can only be licensed in the scope of negation, but the licensing can be checked at the representation of the enriched meaning of an utterance.

A comparison of expressives and miratives

There is a strong and vocal tradition of expressives being characterized as denoting conventional implicatures (Potts 2005 et seq.), and some have taken the category of expressives to include exclamation (Zimmermann 2007). But there’s also a tradition of analyzing exclamations and other mirativity markers at the illocutionary or speech-act level (Sadock and Zwicky 1985; Faller 2002; Rett 2011). In this chapter, I address two related questions: What, if any, are the empirical differences between expressives and miratives? And what, if any, are the theoretical differences between conventional implicatures and illocutionary content? Ultimately, I initiate a turf war over expressives: I argue that while they were initially characterized as a subtype of conventional implicature, they are more naturally grouped with emotive, or illocutionary, content.

Pragmatics of Quasi-Symbol

The article is devoted to the pragmatics of the quasi-symbol, a linguistic and cultural unit that has a verbal nature. It functions as a sign of culture, expresses ideas, and models human behavior. The cultural specificity of quasi-symbols is considered in the aspects of its locution, illocution and perlocution. The paper reveals that cultural aspects of quasi-symbolic locution are based on conventional implicatures. They provide the perception of the utterance as veritable, form typical illocution and perlocution of the utterance. The work proves that cultural aspects of quasi-symbol locution are determined by cultural categories that the symbol embodies, as well as cultural functions that it performs. The article establishes that the quasi-symbol explicates the norm, which acts as a regulator of behavior, the basis for its evaluation. The empirical basis of the study includes the quasi-symbols of the fetish code of culture, which is characterized by the highest productivity. The consideration of imperatives extracted from the meaning of quasi-symbols, has enabled the reconstruction of system of norms characteristic of Russian culture: it is assessed positively when someone works, obeys general rules, is able to keep secrets, fulfills promises, respects another person, considers the feelings and opinions of others, observes Christian commandments. The identified norms demonstrate a set of Russian cultural values: work, order, money, knowledge, faith, neatness. The paper proves that the cultural norm, imperative and attitude are culturally marked pragmatic categories, since they determine human behavior. Axiological aspects of quasi-symbol illocution are expressed in the peculiarities of coding ideas and imperatives. The perlocution of the quasi-symbol is reflected in the linguistic and cultural interpretation, which consists in the addressee's intentions to obey or disobey the imperative, to follow the norm or deviate from it. The article concludes that the rules for using quasi-symbols are easily read by the members of linguistic and cultural community. This aspect embodies the processes of cultural identification.

IMPLIKATUR KONVENSIONAL DALAM ACARA REPUBLIK SOSMED SEGMEN 4 (ROASTING) DI TRANS TV

The purpose of this study was to describe conventional implicatures in the Republic of Social Media Segment 4 (Roasting) on ​​Trans TV. The theories used in this study include: (a) the nature of pragmatics, (b) the nature of implicatures, (c) conventional implicatures, and (d) the Republic of Social Media program on Trans TV. This research used a descriptive method. Sources of data in this study were comics and guest stars in the Republik Sosmed program in segment 4 (Roasting) on ​​Trans TV. The results of this study include: (a) on the Republic of Social Media program segment 4 (roasting), there were 5 conventional implicature data, (b) on October 08, 2017 presented comic Ridwan Remin, there were 2 conventional implicature data, (c) on October 14, 2017 presented comic Ridwan Remin, there were 3 implicature data, (d) on October 15 2017 presenting comic Yuda Keling, there were 3 conventional implicature data, (e) on October 21 2017 presenting comics Tretan and Rizki, there was 1 conventional implicature data, (f) on October 22, 2017 presenting the comics Tretan and Coki, there were 2 conventional implicature data, (g) on ​​October 28, 2017 presenting, the comic Yuda Keling there was 1 conventional implicature data, and (h) on October 29, 2017 presenting the comic Yuda Keling, there were 3 conventional implicature data.

Epítetos e insultos de grupo en español: Sobre una ambigüedad y sus implicaciones sintáctico-semánticas

In this paper, we further elaborate on a syntactic ambiguity between slurs and epithets first noticed in Orlando, Eleonora & Andrés Saab. 2020b. A stereotype semantics for syntactically ambiguous slurs. Analytic Philosophy 61(2). 101–129. Here, we discuss in detail the large theoretical implications of such an ambiguity both for the proper analysis of binominal constructions in Spanish (e.g., el idiota de Juan) and for the way in which it is advisable to model the expressive content slurs and certain epithets (those deriving from slurs) have. As for the first aspect, we contend that mainstream approaches in terms of predicate inversion for binominal constructions cannot account for why slurs lose their predicative import when occurring as epithets in binominal environments. In consequence, we propose a new analysis for epithets both in simple occurrences and in binominal constructions. This analysis derives the above-mentioned ambiguity as a type of structural ambiguity, according to which certain slurs can occur in predicative and in non-predicative positions. When they occur as predicates, they have a mixed semantics (McCready, Eric. 2010. Varieties of conventional implicatures. Semantics & Pragmatics 3. 1–57) reflected both in the truth-conditional and the expressive dimensions, but when they occur as epithets, the truth-conditional dimension is lost and only the expressive content survives. As for the second aspect, we defend a stereotype semantics, according to which stereotypes are modeled as Kratzerian modal bases (i.e., set of propositions) in virtue of which stigmatizing theories of human groups are reflected in a parallel, expressive dimension of meaning. This way of modeling some kinds of expressive contents explains how different slurs and epithets manage to communicate different theories about particular human groups, which are the target of derogation.

Ascending tones as signifiers of cultural identity in northern England

This study investigates prosodic patterns in dialects of Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle and Leeds that distinguish northern English pronunciation from other regional types. The authors argue that melodic cues can act as signifiers of northern English cultural identity. The empirical research included auditory and acoustic analyses of authentic speech recordings of four female and four male speakers from the listed above urban centres in northern England. The research primarily concerned intonational means and prosodic parameters of fundamental frequency (F0) and pitch range. The findings revealed both individual characteristics of each dialect and regional distinctive features common for northern speech in general with a special regard to intergender variation. The results of the research showed that the distribution of melodic patterns in northern English speech is different from the standard British pronunciation and is mainly characterized by the frequent use of rising contours in affirmative utterances. The detailed acoustic analysis of configuration and pitch range of such ascending tunes allowed the authors to describe four main variants of rising intonation in final sense-groups of declaratives. These specific melodic cues of oral speech make it possible to identify a northerner and take into account this sociocultural context, as well as other conventional implicatures in the process of cross-cultural verbal interaction.

Conventional implicatures of the 2019 Presidential Tribunal: implications for the Nigerian leadership, media and users

Conventional implicature deals with non-truth conditional content of the expression in any given situation. Nigerians went into the general election in the year 2019, which various positions were contested and so many conditions that took place. Political parties were at the helm of the affairs doing what they know how best to do, through manifestos, campaign, propaganda and so on. Later, there was outcome of the presidential tribunal, especially among the first and topmost two contenders in the election and actual implicature transpired in the judgement. The implication lies at what the majority sees as a rape of democracy and the court ruling. Language of affidavit became awash on the social media. So many non-truth conditions were generated on the media after the ruling. To ascertain this implicature, this study applied the qualitative research by using purposive sampling technique in gathering the data and its analysis. The study reveals the social vices in this situation against dwindling areas in our leadership and how it affects those using the language. Keywords: Conventional, Implicature, Language, Affidavit, leadership, Presidential, Social Media

IMPLICATION OF REMIDING RIDWAN REMIN IN STAND UP COMEDY EVENTS

Implications are a theory maybe the meaning is implied rather than explicit. Studies on these implicatures can be found on every day life as seen in the stand up comedy discourse by Ridwan Remin. Thi study aims to explain the types of implicature contained in thestand up comedy by Ridwan Remin, as well as to explain the nature of the implicature contained in the discourse. The approach used on research is a theoretical and methodological approach. The teoretical approach in this study uses a pragmatis approach, meaning that the date are analyzed by describing the pragmatic meaning in linguistic units. The methodological approach in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data in research is stand up comedy discourse by Ridwan Remin. Data collection was carried out by listening techniques, documentation techniques, an note taking techniques. The result of this study indicate that three are two types of implicatures, namely: 1) conversational implicatures with the intention of rejecting, insinuating, guessing, asking, scolding; and 2) conventional implicatures with the intention of complaining, insinuating, telling. The benefit of this researchis to find out the types of Ridwan Remin implicatures in the Stand up comedy event.

Conventional implicature

This chapter presents a monadic analysis of conventional implicatures. These expressions are compositionally challenging and also seem to challenge the traditional semantics/pragmatics divide by straddling it. This chapter first introduces two main sorts of conventional implicature, appositives and expressives. It reviews one standard approach to capturing the dual nature of conventional implicatures, multidimensional semantic representations. It then reviews some challenges and argues that they do not entail abandoning multidimensionality. The chapter introduces a new multidimensional analysis using monads. Two examples are analysed in detail. The first is an example of a conventional implicature arising from an appositive. The second is an example of a conventional implicature arising from an expressive predicate, which is a more controversial case. The chapter shows that the enriched meaning analysis naturally extends to this case without imperilling the intuition behind multidimensionality. The chapter ends with some exercises to aid understanding.