Early Medieval Names as Linguistic Documents and Historical Sources

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources

The cosmology of the early medieval emporia?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Central Places ◽  
The Relationship

This characteristically thoughtful essay by Frans Theuws illustrates how far our analysis of central places in the early Middle Ages has advanced. Like his study of Maastricht (2001), it reveals a close reading of the archaeological and historical sources. Indeed, as Michael McCormick's encyclopaedic volume (2001) on the origins of the medieval economy shows with stunning authority, as archaeologists we have taken huge strides since Philip Grierson quipped, ‘It has been said that the spade cannot lie, but it owes this merit in part to the fact that it cannot speak’ (1959, 129). Hence it comes as no surprise that Theuws is exploring the ‘relationship between forms of exchange and the imaginary world from which “value” is derived’ (p. 121).

scholarly journals Valeria Provincia in the Cosmography of Anonymous of Ravenna

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Richárd Szántó
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Creation

Anonymous of Ravenna wrote the Cosmography at the beginning of the eighth century, but his creation of the work cannot be determined more precisely. The Cosmography contains descriptions of the entire world in five books, the fourth of which includes a narration of Provincia Valeria Media. In describing the province, Anonymous of Ravenna referred to several authors’ works, including the Tabula Peutingeriana, Marcomir and Jordanes’ works, and other sources of unknown origin. Anonymous noted that Provincia Valeria Media was located between the Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior, covering the area of the ancient provinces of Valeria and Savia. Anonymous listed the toponyms in Provincia Valeria Media’s territory, which he took from an early copy or transcript of the Tabula Peutingeriana. In Cosmography, Carniola was the western neighbour of Provincia Valeria Media, and it was bounded on the south by Liburnia Tarsaticensis. Regarding the name of Carniola, this researcher can assume that it was a later addition to the text of the Cosmography. Scholars disputed whether Provincia Valeria Media existed in the fifth century or whether Anonymous took its name from historical sources. Recent research has suggested that Anonymous borrowed the name Valeria from Jordan and the name Media Provincia from the Tabula Peutingeriana. He merged the two terms into Provincia Valeria Media. The actual historical value of the Cosmography is not the creation of the name Provincia Valeria Media but the early medieval data that Anonymous recorded in his book.

The Chronology of Medieval Copenhagen

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1675-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Olsen ◽  
Hanna Dahlström ◽  
Bjørn Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Town

ABSTRACTHistorical sources reveals that Copenhagen was founded in the late 12th century AD by Bishop Absalon. However, during the excavation for the new metro in central Copenhagen a previously unknown early medieval cemetery was discovered and excavated at the Town Hall Square. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis was conducted on the 9 individuals found in situ, together with 11 individuals from the other early medieval cemetery in Copenhagen, belonging to the St Clemens church. The radiocarbon analysis places the onset of the cemeteries to the early 11th century AD and therefore questions the age of Copenhagen and hence the archaeological and historical perception of the Danish historical record. Here a detailed account of the radiocarbon-based Bayesian model is presented.

Genesis of Artificially Deformed Early Medieval Skulls Discovered at Samtavro Cemetery and Their Historical Significance

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
Nino Tavartkiladze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
State University ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Burial Rites

The work ‘Genesis of Artificially Deformed Early Medieval Skulls Discovered at Samtavro Cemetery and Their Historical Significance’ looks at early medieval regular and artificially deformed skulls obtained from Samtavro cemetery and preserved at the Anthropological Research Laboratory of the History and Ethnology Institute of the Tbilisi State University. Apart from the skulls, the work deals with the catalogue of the craniological collection and individual data for every skull preserved in this institution. The work also relies on the information of the records kept in the Georgian National Museum, based on which knowledge about early medieval types of graves, burial rites and artifacts of Samtavro cemetery has been obtained. The work looks at the types of cranial deformation, gender and age structure of the buried, physiological stress markers and anomaly frequencies among the population of this period. It also outlines distribution of the inventory among the deformed and non-deformed skulls in order to estimate whether the deformed ones belonged to the upper class society. Charts are compiled based on distribution of deformed and non-deformed skulls obtained from Samtavro cemetery according to gender and age, which provides a clear picture in respect to average life expectancy among the individuals with deformed and non-deformed skulls. In order to find the reason for the deformation, historical sources are considered and final explanation for why the residents of Mtskheta practiced artificial deformation of skulls is provided.

Understanding the Romano-British–Early Medieval Transition: A Zooarchaeological Perspective from Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum)

Britannia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 275-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Hammon
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
British History ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Animal Bone

AbstractThe demise of the Western Roman Empire combined with Germanic migration and influence from Continental Europe had a tumultuous and profound affect on the cultural and social identities of Britain's population. The fifth to seventh centuriesa.d.remain a poorly understood epoch in British history, hence the once traditional ‘Dark Ages’ label. A variety of factors have contributed to this phenomenon, which include the exact nature and timing of the Roman administration's abandonment of Britannia, the precise character and extent of Germanic migration, questionable historical sources, the paucity of physical evidence, and problematic artefact dating. Zooarchaeological analysis can, therefore, aid the elucidation of this period through the development of new perspectives, highlighting the socio-cultural (and economic) processes involved in the emergence of early medieval Britain from Roman Britannia. Large-scale excavations were carried out at the baths basilica of Wroxeter (Shrops.) between 1966 and 1990. The city was the fourth largest urban centre in Roman Britain, and was thecivitas-capital of the Cornovii. The excavations demonstrated how the public buildings of this central insula fell into disuse, prior to the possible construction of a grandiose private residence and complex in the sub-Roman period. It has been postulated that this building represents the palatial complex of atyrannus, or possibly a bishopric of the ‘Western British’ church. Analysis of the resultant animal bone assemblage has provided an opportunity to explore the social and ethnic identity of the site's inhabitants through their dietary habits.

‘Justice and Peace have embraced’ (Psalm 84: 11)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Márkus
Keyword(s):  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Processes

It is possible to identify and compare elements of laws from Gaelic, British and Anglo-Saxon traditions - though the laws themselves are not all from Scotland itself, the legal traditions were all represented here to varying degrees. (Nothing survives of Pictish law.) The nature of these early medieval laws is discussed – laws created in the absence of a legislature, and where enforcement is worked out through the negotiations of a community. Legal processes and their rationales are described, including compensation and its variation according to gravity of offence and the status of the victim of crime. Hierarchy and status are key to understanding the lives of communities, and are discussed in the different legal traditions, examining the range of status from lordship to slavery. Laws rooted in kinship and inheritance are also important, and kinship (both natural and artificial) is discussed. Finally, while women are very poorly represented in most historical sources of our period, the laws enable us to form some picture of their lives and their place in society.

SOGDIANA IN THE SYSTEM OF CULTURAL INTERACTION ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL ROUTES OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Feruza Samatova ◽  
◽  
Bekjon Kurbonov
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Political Economic

The article reveals the place and role of Sogdiana, as an important commercial and cultural center on the Great Silk Road site. Based on archaeological research and historical sources, data are provided on early medieval Sogd, its role in cultural ties along the Great Silk Road, and an assessment is given of socio-political, economic andcultural life in Ustrushan

scholarly journals THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL CHRISTIAN MUSIC IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL TIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Alina Ryabokin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Christian Music ◽  
Isidore Of Seville ◽  
Wisdom Of Solomon ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Alcuin Of York

The article deals with the formation of sacred music by Christians in the early Middle Ages. Basing on the historical sources and scientific literature, the authors show a connection between the musical traditions of Rome, the Western Goths of Spain and the empire of Charlemagne. The teaching of professional church singers, the birth of Mass, the complexity of the musical pattern of Christian singing, the educational ideas of Isidore of Seville and Alcuin of York, the metriz school timely opened by Christian mentors – all of it contributed to the formation of the early medieval educational process. Alcuin is the author of many (about 380) Latin instructive, panegyric, hagiographic, and liturgical poems (among the most famous are The Cuckoo (lat. De cuculo) and The Primate and Saints of the York Church (lat. De pontificibus et sanctis Ecclesiae Eboracensis )). Alcuin also wrote puzzles in poetry and prose. Alkuin conducted the extensive correspondence (with Charles the Great, Anguilbert, Pope Leo III and many others, a total of 232 letters to various people); Alcuin's letters are an important source on the history of the Carolingian society. At the Palace Academy, Alquin taught trivium and quadrivia elements; in his work On True Philosophy, he restored the scheme of the seven liberal arts, following Kassiodor’s parallel between the seven arts and the seven pillars of the temple of Wisdom of Solomon. He compiled textbooks on various subjects (some in a dialogical form). The Art of Grammar (lat. Ars grammatica) and the Slovene of the Most Noble Young Man Pipin with Albin Scholastic (Lat. Disputatio regalis et nobilissimi juvenis Pippini cum Albino scholastico) became very famous. Alcuin’s textbooks on dialectics, dogmatics, rhetoric, and liturgy are also known.

scholarly journals The situation of conflicting loyalties and the Old English Genesis’ version of the story of the Fall

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Zoya Yu. Metlitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
English Poem ◽  
The Social

The paper addresses the idiosyncratic version of the story of the Fall presented in the Old English poem Genesis from the perspective of religious and political moral of Early Medieval Society. The methodology of the research bases on the analysis of the social functions of texts. To understand the didactic message of the poem the poet’s conception of “fall” should be looked attentively. “The Fall” of angels and men is presented in the text as the failure of choice, due to overconfidence or the appellation to the wrong authority. As could be seen from historical sources the problem of choice in the situation of conflicting loyalties was essential for Anglo-Saxon society. Person’s behavior in this situation was judged according to the results of his or her actions, not according to his or her initial reasons.

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