scholarly journals Valeria Provincia in the Cosmography of Anonymous of Ravenna

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Richárd Szántó
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Creation

Anonymous of Ravenna wrote the Cosmography at the beginning of the eighth century, but his creation of the work cannot be determined more precisely. The Cosmography contains descriptions of the entire world in five books, the fourth of which includes a narration of Provincia Valeria Media. In describing the province, Anonymous of Ravenna referred to several authors’ works, including the Tabula Peutingeriana, Marcomir and Jordanes’ works, and other sources of unknown origin. Anonymous noted that Provincia Valeria Media was located between the Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior, covering the area of the ancient provinces of Valeria and Savia. Anonymous listed the toponyms in Provincia Valeria Media’s territory, which he took from an early copy or transcript of the Tabula Peutingeriana. In Cosmography, Carniola was the western neighbour of Provincia Valeria Media, and it was bounded on the south by Liburnia Tarsaticensis. Regarding the name of Carniola, this researcher can assume that it was a later addition to the text of the Cosmography. Scholars disputed whether Provincia Valeria Media existed in the fifth century or whether Anonymous took its name from historical sources. Recent research has suggested that Anonymous borrowed the name Valeria from Jordan and the name Media Provincia from the Tabula Peutingeriana. He merged the two terms into Provincia Valeria Media. The actual historical value of the Cosmography is not the creation of the name Provincia Valeria Media but the early medieval data that Anonymous recorded in his book.

The Date of the Mosaics of the Rotunda at Thessaloniki

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The South ◽  
East And West ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In a recent important article on the mosaics of the basilica of St. Demetrius at Thessaloniki, R. S. Cormack proposes a list of churches in the city with mosaics ‘for which a late fifth century date must be considered.’ The list comprises the Acheiropoietos basilica, the first phase of the basilica of St. Demetrius, and Hosios David. The purpose of this article is to show that the mosaics of the second phase of the Rotunda (now known as the church of St. George) should be included in Cormack's list.The first thing to note about the Rotunda mosaics is that there has been less than unanimity concerning the date of their construction. Volbach, Lazarev and Cormack, amongst others, follow Dyggve and Torp in dating the mosaics to c. 400 or slightly earlier; Diehl and Dalton dated them to the fifth century, Weigand to the sixth and Holtzinger to the seventh or eighth century, all on largely stylistic grounds. What are obviously needed are some objective dating criteria, and these are to be found, not so much in the mosaics themselves, but rather in the building fabric and the furniture of the converted Rotunda. The conversion of the Rotunda, incidentally, consisted of the blocking of an opaion in the cupola and the addition of an ambulatory, a monumental entrance to the south, an apse to the east (Plate XXIII) and various subsidiary buildings to east and west. The mosaics were placed in the cupola and in the niches which connected the main body of the Rotunda with the ambulatory.

scholarly journals Roads to recovery: an investigation of early medieval agrarian strategies in Byzantine Italy in and around the eighth century

Antiquity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (332) ◽  
pp. 444-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arthur ◽  
Girolamo Fiorentino ◽  
Anna Maria Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
On The Road

The cumulative power of botanical and chemical analysis is demonstrated here by our authors, who succeed in opening a window on Europe's most obscure period, in the south as in the north, the time after the Roman and then the Byzantine empire lost its hold. The emphasis here is on the rise in production and trade of cash crops in the eighth century as detected by survey, pollen, charcoal and residues. Taken together, the new data show a community well on the road to economic recovery after two centuries of recession and monetary failure.

Zoya Il'inichna Glezer – life and scientific achievements

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Zinaida V. Pushina ◽  
Galina V. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina L. Grundan
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
South Of European Russia

Zoya Ilyinichna Glezer is the largest Russian micropaleontologist, a specialist in siliceous microfossils — Cenozoic diatoms and silicoflagellates. Since the 1960s, she systematically studied Paleogene siliceous microfossils from various regions of the country and therefore was an indispensable participant in the development of unified stratigraphic schemes for Paleogene siliceous plankton of various regions of the USSR. She made a great contribution to the creation of the newest Paleogene schemes in the south of European Russia and Western Siberia, to the correlations of the Paleogene deposits of the Kara Sea.

Capital Scripts

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Augustan Era

This chapter surveys capital letterforms, which have been in use from the second century BC until the present day. It defines two types of capitals in use since the Augustan Era: formal Square Capitals and informal Rustic Capitals, and traces the development of Rustic Capitals as a text hand in manuscripts of classical authors until the sixth century AD as well as the use of Square Capitals until the late fifth century AD. It closes with a look at the use of Rustic Capitals in rubrics of eighth-century manuscripts from England, and Rustic and Square Capitals found in Carolingian contexts.

Charlemagne’s Defeat in the Pyrenees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Irujo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Chanson De Roland ◽  
The One ◽  
Epic Poems

The Battle of Rencesvals is the one of the most dramatic historical event of the entire eighth century, not only in Vasconia but in Western Europe. This monograph examines the battle as more than a single military encounter, but instead as part of a complex military and political conquest that began after the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and culminated with the creation of the Kingdom of Pamplona in 824. The battle had major (and largely underappreciated) consequences for the internal structure of the Carolingian Empire. It also enjoyed a remarkable legacy as the topic of one of the oldest European epic poems, La Chanson de Roland. The events that took place in the Pyrenean pass of Rencesvals (Errozabal) on 15 August 778 defined the development of the Carolingian world, and lie at the heart of the early medieval contribution to the later medieval period.

Village Festivals and Rites in Croatian Naive Art

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Софья Антоновна Лагранская
Keyword(s):  
Folk Art ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
South Slavs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Village Life

Хорватское наивное искусство, зародившееся в небольшом селе Хлебине, неотделимо от обрядности, без которой невозможно представить течение деревенской жизни. Яркие и декоративные работы крестьянских художников крепко спаяны не только с народным искусством, но и с самим сельским бытом, с его ритмично повторяющимися циклами. В картинах хорватских живописцев особое внимание уделяется изображению различных семейных и календарных праздников. Прослеживаются в творчестве хлебинской школы и элементы архаических обрядов, сохранившиеся в культуре южных славян. Традиционные для хорватской деревни ритуалы не могли не оказать влияния на художников, они послужили плодородной почвой для создания яркой подстекольной живописи. Связь наивного и народного искусства по мере углубления в проблематику становится всё более и более явственной. Мышление хорватских наивных художников архетипично в том смысле, что под определенными образами и темами их творчества есть глубокая мифологическая основа: угадывается целый комплекс смыслов, присутствует ощущение первозданности природы и хрупкого слоя крестьянской цивилизации. Обращение к образам и символам земледельческих обрядов и праздников - это не просто дань традиции хлебинской школы, это внутренняя потребность выражения себя в этой вечной для художников, живущих на берегах Дравы, теме бытия крестьянского мира. Croatian naive art developed in the small village of Hlebine is inseparable from the rituals of village life. The bright, ornamental works of peasant artists are firmly tied not only to folk art, but also to rural life and its repetitive cycles. In the paintings of these Croatian artists specific attention is paid to the depiction of family and calendar holidays. Traditional Croatian village life has had a strong impact on the artists has served as fertile soil for the creation of bright colored painting. Elements of archaic rituals that are still preserved in the culture of the South Slavs may be seen in their works. The connection between naive and folk art becomes clearer as we delve deeper into it. The thinking of Croatian naive artists is archetypal in the sense that a deep mythological basis underlies certain images and themes of their work. A complex of meanings may be intuited; there is a sense of primeval nature and the fragile layer of peasant civilization. The appeal to images and symbols of agricultural rites and holidays is not just a tribute to the tradition of the Hlebine school; for artists living on the banks of the Drava it derives from an inner need to express themselves in these eternal themes of the peasant world.

The Abbey of Werden on the Frankish-Saxon Frontier. The Depictions of Landscapes and Emotions in the vita Gregorii and the vitae Liudgeri

Millennium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-387
Author(s):  
Bart Peters
Keyword(s):  
Third Space ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
Emotional Behaviour ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Military

Abstract This study explores the depictions of landscapes and emotions in the ninth-century hagiographies associated with Liudger: the three vitae Liudgeri and Liudger’s own vita Gregorii. The Frisian missionary founded the monastery of Werden, situated near the Frankish-Saxon frontier. It will be argued that previous historiography on early medieval frontiers has predominantly focused on the military nature of frontiers. Here, more cultural or symbolic natures of the Frankish-Saxon frontier will be discussed. The hagiographical narratives will be examined in conjunction with the notion of a frontier as a ‘third space’. The vitae Liudgeri shaped a discourse that legitimated Liudger’s translation to Werden. This resulted in the creation of a new place of Christian worship in the competitive landscape of post-conquest Saxony, as part of the Christianization of the region. Monasteries like Werden were the places where new missionaries were educated who would continue this Christianization. Exemplary emotional behaviour of the saints, narrated in hagiographies, could help instruct this new generation. Altfrid and Liudger tried to dissuade emotions of anger, indicated by ira or furor, with their hagiographical narratives. These two perspectives offer a glimpse into the attempts of a local monastery to stand out in the Frankish-Saxon frontier.

Coins and amphoras—Chios, Samos and Thasos in the fifth century B.C.

1981 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold B. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The South ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
South West ◽  
New Material ◽  
Material Evidence

The American excavators in the south-west area of the Forum at Corinth have revealed an intriguing architectural complex, which they have called the ‘Punic Amphora Building’. Evidently it housed a thriving import business with a speciality in fish and wine, whose trade extended in one direction to Sicily and perhaps Spain and in the other to Chalkidike and Chios. Masses of fragments of Punic and Chian amphoras were found crushed and pounded in the make-up of successive floor-levels in the courtyard, together with numerous pieces from Mende and elsewhere. Many others emerged from the single floors of most of the rooms or were discovered in the littered debris from the final phase of occupation. The life of this business house was somewhat short, but a domestic building on the same site had earlier been partly devoted to the same trade. All this activity ceased with dramatic suddenness; the emporium went out of use and in the late fifth century it was overlaid in one area by a new road. The end seems to be securely dated c. 430 B.C. by Attic black-glaze pottery in the final floor-level or in the debris covering the last floor. Professor Williams plausibly links the collapse of business with the interruption of Corinth's trade caused by the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War: one of Athens' first war measures was to blockade both the Saronic and the Corinthian Gulfs. This new material evidence for Corinthian commerce is most welcome in itself and, as I hope to show in this paper, it may help clarify other problems.

scholarly journals A certain bishop and a certain diocese in Egypt at the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries: The testimony of the Canons of Athanasius

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-115
Author(s):  
Ewa Wipszycka
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church

The Canons of Athanasius, a homiletic work written at the beginning of the fifth century in one of the cities of the Egyptian chora, provide us with many important and detailed pieces of information about the Church hierarchy. Information gleaned from this text can be found in studies devoted to the history of Christianity of the fourth and fifth centuries, but rarely are they the subject of reflection as an autonomous subject. To date, no one has endeavoured to determine how the author of the Canons sought to establish the parameters of his work: why he included certain things in this work, and why left other aspects out despite them being within the boundaries of the subject which he had wished to write upon. This article looks to explore two thematic areas: firstly, what we learn about the hierarchical Church from the Canons, and secondly, what we know about the hierarchical Church from period sources other than the Canons. This article presents new arguments which exclude the authorship of Athanasius and date the creation of the Canons to the first three decades of the fifth century.

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