Chapter 5. Secondary Meaning and Core Affect

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Keyword(s):  
Core Affect ◽  
Secondary Meaning

Secondary Meaning in the Qur'an

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Tammām Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Meaning

scholarly journals EXTENSION OF THE SEMANTICS OF WORDS RELATING TO THE THEMATIC GROUP ‘PLANT WORLD’ (on the Material of the ‘Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Nelli A. Krasovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
Secondary Meaning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
The Russian Language

This article discusses the semantics of lexical units included in the thematic group ‘Plant World’. For a person with a traditional worldview, nature is the basis for the formation of a system of views, values, for numerous rethinking. The material for analysis in the article is provided not by a lexicographic source but by a linguo-geographical one. A collection of maps of the recently published first issue of The Plant World of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects allows us to make rather interesting observations. Work with the material of semantic maps makes it possible not only to establish changes in the semantics of lexical units but also to find areas that are associated with the use of a word in one or another secondary meaning. In some cases, there were created duplicate maps devoted solely to the functioning of lexical units in extended sense. Systemic analysis of maps makes it possible to identify patterns in the semantic shifts of lexemes denoting facts and phenomena of the world around as the main meaning. There have been revealed semantic shifts of lexemes from the thematic group ‘Plant World’ to the field of subject, locative and anthropomorphic registers. Such examples of the extensive use of words are not unexpected for the Russian language. It should also be emphasized that the analysis of comments and other materials accompanying maps allows us to establish the features of shifts in semantics. It has been determined that a shift to the subject and locative semantic register is mainly associated with metonymy mechanisms, while a shift to the area of the anthropomorphic semantic register – with the metaphorical transfer mechanisms. The author draws conclusions concerning both the use of map materials for analyzing the extension of semantics and the features of secondary nominations in lexemes belonging to the thematic group ‘Plant World’.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Analysis of Affect Signs in Telecommunication Dialogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmunds Vanags ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Core Affect ◽  
Complete Saturation ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Universal Expression

There is growing evidence in the science of psychology that affective phenomena are not homogeneous and that their manifestations may vary across cultures and under the influence of contextual and demographic factors. Given that there is no clear universal expression of emotions and mood in human behavioral processes, it is necessary to continue to study the heterogeneity of the observed features in language and speech. This qualitative study analyzes the dialogues of 40 individuals in the field of telecommunications and, using a content analysis and phenomenological approach, describes lexical and non-lexical signs that could indicate features of affect. It can be observed that complete saturation has not been obtained within the framework of these data, which may indicate a wide variation of verbal and non-verbal affect features at both intra-individual and inter-individual levels and indicate different possible dialects of affect features. In addition, inter-rater reliability was determined and its results suggest that the determination of affective features may be subjective, contextual, in the absence of predefined reference criteria even in valence and activation dimensions of core affect.

SECONDARY PHENOMENA IN THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW (COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
S.G. Vinogradova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Secondary Meaning ◽  
Human Thinking

The article opens with a brief overview of approaches to the study of secondary phenomena in the linguistic worldview. In particular, the author indicates the main reasons for secondary meaning formation including linguistic economy based on minimum of efforts aspiration and the associative and creative nature of human thinking. The author argues that in the framework of cognitive linguistics secondary meanings result from interpretation and the accompanying conceptual derivation and metarepresentation as processes of cognition. Such processes reflect a new understanding of the previously acquired knowledge, generating secondary conceptual structures, and choosing best ways of their anchoring in language considering cognitive dominants of linguistic consciousness as certain templates for construing reality through language. In the context of the above processes, the author examines secondary phenomena of the linguistic worldview analysing the examples of lexical and grammatical units of the English language. The discussion is focused on the outcomes of word formation in lexis, secondary interjections, secondary predicative structures, composite sentences.

scholarly journals Human listeners’ perception of behavioural context and core affect dimensions in chimpanzee vocalizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20201148
Author(s):  
Roza G. Kamiloğlu ◽  
Katie E. Slocombe ◽  
Daniel B. M. Haun ◽  
Disa A. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Core Affect ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Arousal And Valence

Vocalizations linked to emotional states are partly conserved among phylogenetically related species. This continuity may allow humans to accurately infer affective information from vocalizations produced by chimpanzees. In two pre-registered experiments, we examine human listeners' ability to infer behavioural contexts (e.g. discovering food) and core affect dimensions (arousal and valence) from 155 vocalizations produced by 66 chimpanzees in 10 different positive and negative contexts at high, medium or low arousal levels. In experiment 1, listeners ( n = 310), categorized the vocalizations in a forced-choice task with 10 response options, and rated arousal and valence. In experiment 2, participants ( n = 3120) matched vocalizations to production contexts using yes/no response options. The results show that listeners were accurate at matching vocalizations of most contexts in addition to inferring arousal and valence. Judgments were more accurate for negative as compared to positive vocalizations. An acoustic analysis demonstrated that, listeners made use of brightness and duration cues, and relied on noisiness in making context judgements, and pitch to infer core affect dimensions. Overall, the results suggest that human listeners can infer affective information from chimpanzee vocalizations beyond core affect, indicating phylogenetic continuity in the mapping of vocalizations to behavioural contexts.

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