scholarly journals Rousseau’s Thoughts on the Division and Control of State Power. A Comparison with Montesquieu’s Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Chau Loan
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
And Control

Sanctifying the expansion of carceral control: Spiritual Supervision in the religious lives of criminalized Latinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
State Power ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
And Control

Drawing from ethnographic data and interviews collected in a Latina/o Pentecostal organization based in Northern California’s Bay Area, this paper analyzes how a religious street ministry that offers rehabilitation services and spiritual aid to criminalized individuals enacts spiritual supervision. Spiritual supervision refers to the process by which religious organizations incentivize middle-class individuals to participate in the construction of a criminalized class of individuals, as part of how they practice their Christian identities. This article analyzes how middle-class congregants supervise the actions and behaviors of criminalized individuals who perform gendered physical labor and participate in public dramatizations of their criminal stigma in exchange for housing, food, and religious participation. Spiritual supervision provides a novel theoretical framework for analyzing how carceral state power spreads through the institutional missions and practices of institutions that aim to rehabilitate but also reinforce racialized, gendered, and classed hierarchies that further stigmatize and control criminalized people. As a less visible form of punishment imposed outside formal criminal justice institutions, spiritual supervision illuminates how carceral control operates and affects spiritual and religious landscapes.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
State Formation ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
And Control

The conclusion reiterates the centrality of the coroner system and its oversight in the monopolization of violence, state formation, and the growth of state power by creating and delineating new definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence. It also examines the resulting decline of extra-judicial violence—blood feud, vendetta etc.—and subsequent attempts by the English state to target and control non-lethal forms of non-state violence such as riot and assault. Finally, the conclusion offers some initial comparisons with continental Europe and suggests that the trends seen in England may have been mirrored by similar attempts to monopolize violence in the Holy Roman Empire.

scholarly journals Life in the Shadow Carceral State: Surveillance and Control of Refugees in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Anthea Vogl ◽  
Elyse Methven
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
State Power ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Australian State ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
And Control

This article critically examines techniques employed by the Australian state to expand its control of refugees and asylum seekers living in Australia. In particular, it analyses the operation of Australia’s unique Asylum Seeker Code of Behaviour, which asylum seekers who arrive by boat must sign in order to be released from mandatory immigration detention, with reference to an original dataset of allegations made under the Code. We argue that the Code and the regime of visa cancellation and re-detention powers of which it forms a part are manifestations of what Beckett and Murakawa call the ‘shadow carceral state’, whereby punitive state power is extended beyond prison walls through the blurring of civil, administrative and criminal legal authority. The Code contributes to Australia’s apparatus of refugee deterrence by adding to it a brutal system of surveillance, visa cancellation and denial of services for asylum seekers living in the community.

The Origins of the Market Economy: State Power, Territorial Control, and Modes of War Fighting

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Schoenberger
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
State Power ◽  
State Building ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Control

The origin and spread of money-based commodity markets is normally attributed to a natural evolution from barter and is usually seen as a solution to problems of exchange. I want to propose that markets to a considerable degree develop historically out of a different set of dynamics. These are concerned with the state-building tasks of territorial conquest and control, and are closely related to specific modes of war fighting. In this connection, markets develop not only to facilitate exchange per se but also to facilitate the mobilization of resources and their management across space and time. This need to manage resources geographically and temporally contributes not only to the spread of commodity markets but also to the development of markets in land and in labor.

scholarly journals «Basically, I am here to help you»

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Kristin Engh Førde ◽  
Arnfinn J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Common Good ◽  
State Power ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Pastoral Power ◽  
And Control

AbstractI denne artikkelen undersøkes bekymringssamtalen, som ofte blir omtalt som et sentralt verktøy i norske myndigheters arbeid med å forebygge radikalisering og voldelig ekstremisme. Slike samtaler blir gjennomført med personer som er antatt å være i risiko for radikalisering. Hensikten er å innhente informasjon, korrigere atferd, identifisere behov for hjelp, samt å tilby hjelp dersom det trengs. Inspirert av Foucault og hans tenkning om pastoralmakt analyserer vi bekymringssamtalen som myndighetsutøvelse, der til dels motstridende agendaer – av statlig kontroll og statlig omsorg – kommer sammen i det som konseptualiseres som «bekymring». Videre argumenterer vi for at bekymringssamtalen eksemplifiserer og synliggjør mer overordnede dilemmaer og konflikter i myndighetenes forebyggingsinnsats på dette feltet, hvor bekymring gir mening og legitimitet til det vi ser som en problematisk sammenstilling av omsorgs- og kontrolltiltak og av sosialpolitiske og sikkerhetspolitiske agendaer.AbstractIn this article we set our sights on what is often referred to as a key instrument for countering violent extremism in Norway, the conversation of concern [Bekymringssamtale in Norwegian], usually referred to in English as the police conversation intervention. The conversation is conducted with individuals assumed to be at risk of radicalisation with the aim of obtaining information, modifying behaviour, identifying any needs for help, and offering help if needed. We argue that this intervention clearly demonstrates certain dilemmas and conflicts inherent in the Norwegian Government’s recent policies on counter-extremism, where the concept of «concern» [bekymring] encompasses control and care, and includes agendas related to security and welfare, respectively. Applying a Foucauldian conceptual framework, we analyse the conversation of concern as a technique of pastoral power in which conflicting agendas interact in problematic ways, and the exercising of state power and control is neutralised through a notion of a general common good; «concern».

scholarly journals The difficulties of determining the notion of organized crime

Temida ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Natasa Mrvic-Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
State Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Control

The author emphasizes the most significant difficulties and disagreements in determining the notion of organized crime, which, on one hand, come as a result of a complexity and dynamism of a contemporary organized crime, and on the other hand, may lead to passing the inadequate legislation and/or the failure of actions against the organized crime. Pointing out to the differences between contemporary organized crime and theoretical definitions of it from the first decades of the 20th century, the author concludes that the answer to the organized crime should be systematic, and need to include the rule of law and the principles of division and control of state power. The author suggests that the changes are necessary within the present criminal legislature of Serbia. In these changes the emphasis need to be on the protection of victims rather than on special legal solutions and special court, prosecution and police units for suppression of organized crime.

scholarly journals The state and biopolitics: towards the origins of interrelation

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Aleksei Vladimirovich Iarkeev
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The subject of this research is the state as a biopolitical project founded on the principle of government intervention in life of the population. Leaning on the ideas and theoretical intentions of the “archeology of power”, economic and political anthropology, the author examines the genesis of the state from biopolitical perspective, proceeding from the hypothesis of the initial animalization of human presence pursuant to state power, which at breaking point, turns into biopolitical death machine, or thanatopolitics. In view of this, the author reveals the role of ancient state formations as the agents of forced “domestication” of the members of agricultural and cattle-raising societies based on the concentration of human resources and coercive labor as state-forming “technologies”, which allow producing surpluses appropriated by the power elites. The idea of pastoralist power, which emerged along with the first states, identifies subjects to a herd under wardship, treating them as a form of wealth similar to livestock. The main conclusion lies in explication of the biopolitical matrix of state administration, which identifies the subjects of the state with livestock, and the state territory with enclosed pasture. This leads to the parallels between cattle-raising and control over population, which paradigmatically determines the political modus operandi of state power that is implicit in the trajectory of its evolution up to the present day. At the threshold of “evolution” of such administrative paradigm emerge the modern radical topoi of the antihuman – the concentration camps (labor camps and death camps) organized by the model of cattle pens and slaughterhouses.

Homeschooling as a Barometer of State Power and Control in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-266
Author(s):  
Irena Kašparová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
State Power ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
And Control

The chapter introduces homeschooling in the Czech Republic, Europe, from the perspective of an anthropologist, who herself had both observed the phenomenon scientifically, as well as practiced it with her four children. The author introduces homeschooling as an important social topic, that may be regarded as a barometer of state power and control over its citizens. The text takes the reader onto a historical journey through various regimes that have governed the country, from the dawn of compulsory schooling under the Habsburg dynasty in the 18th century, through to two World Wars, onto socialism, communism, and finally, democratic government and its various turbulences over the last 30 years. Based upon participant observation, interviews, autoethnography, and secondary sources analysis, the author shows nuances and niches of homeschooling within the state compulsory education system, its battle for recognition, inclusion, and sustainability, which is achieved not only by law itself but also by five pillars of successful homeschooling, noted at the end of the chapter.

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