scholarly journals Effect of SPIKES-based Education by Role Playing and Multimedia Approaches on Breaking Bad News Skills in Midwifery Students (a Comparison)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nasrin Baghdari ◽  
Mostafa Rad ◽  
Marzie Torkmannejad Sabzevari
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Delivering Bad News

Summary Due to the diversity of midwives’ responsibilities, the skill to deliver bad news is a vital need, and therefore the teaching approach in this matter is of utmost importance. Thus, this study has been conducted with the purpose of comparing the effect of SPIKES-based education of skills needed for delivering bad news, using two different approaches of role playing and multimedia in midwifery students. This double-blind clinical trial was done on 90 midwifery students who were randomly assigned to three separate groups. Students’ skill in delivering bad news was recorded through a specific checklist before and after the educational intervention. The reliability and validity of this skill evaluation checklist was assessed and confirmed. The final data were analyzed using SPSS software. After educational intervention, role playing and multimedia groups have gained more skills compared to their previous conditions as well as the control group. The skill of delivering bad news did not show a significant difference in role playing and multimedia groups after intervention. The results showed that teaching the skills of delivering bad news using multimedia approach which was held as distance learning course would rival active educational methods such as role playing. Thus, it could be a suitable replacement for role playing methods in increasing the skill needed for delivering bad news.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Preoperative Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Pain After Lower Posterior Teeth Removal: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Abbas Haghighat ◽  
Shaqayeq Ramezanzade
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pain is one of the most common complications after tooth extraction and pain control is a crucial part of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouth rinse on the severity of post-extraction pain. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted among 170 subjects. Subjects were instructed to rinse with 15 mL of CHX mouth rinse (study group) or placebo (control group) 0.5 to 1 hour before extraction. Post-operative pain was evaluated considering the number of taken rescue analgesics and using a visual analog scale (VAS) that each case completed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed in this regard. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding demographic variables (P>0.05). The preoperative use of CHX mouth rinse showed a better performance in mitigating the perceived pain. A significant difference in the pain level (P=0.001) was found only at the 6th hour postoperatively although there was no significant difference in the pain level between the two groups (P>0.05) at all other times (12th, 24th, 48th hours). The total number of analgesics that were taken by the study group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.042). Conclusions: The preoperative CHX mouth rinse could be a beneficial choice for reducing pain after simple tooth extractions.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effect of evening primrose in dilatation of cervix and pain during and after hysterosalpingography

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Shahnam Nia ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Safi ◽  
Maryam Shoukrpour ◽  
Alireza Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contrast Medium Injection

Hysterosalpingography is one of the essential diagnostic methods for examining women who have difficulty becoming pregnant. This procedure is somehow invasive and is associated with numerous complications such as allergic sensitivity, pain, abdominal cramps and shock. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of evening primrose on cervical length and pain during and after hysterosalpingography. In this double-blind clinical trial, 66 candidates for hysterosalpingography were randomly divided into two groups. A group received 1000 mg of evening primrose orally for two days prior to hysterosalpingography, while the control group received a placebo drug similar in size to evening primrose three days prior to hysterosalpingography. The pain level was recorded based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), during tenaculum placement but also immediately and four hours after hysterosalpingography. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain during insertion of speculum and injection of the contrast medium (p <0.05). Less pain was reported in the evening primrose group compared to placebo. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the length and diameter of the cervix (p <0.05). Given the fact that it is a medicinal plant with no complications and can reduce pain during speculum insertion and during contrast medium injection, evening primrose seems to be a good drug for managing pain during hysterosalpingography.

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of Topical Metformin and Placebo in the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Mapar ◽  
Ali Asghar Hemmati ◽  
Ghazal Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Generally affecting women, melasma is the acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, and researches are still ongoing to find an effective, fast, and low-side-effect drug treating this disease. The present study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of topical metformin and placebo in the treatment of melasma. Methods: Sixty patients with melasma were treated in placebo and topical metformin recipient groups in a double-blind clinical trial. In addition to the demographic and laboratory findings of patients before and after the intervention, the MASI Score of patients in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the study and then one month after the study were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 35.25 ± 7.11 years. No significant difference was observed between the phenotypes (P= .49) and the type of melasma (P= .63) in the two groups. The mean MASI score of patients at the time of being included in the study in the placebo group was 10.47 ± 3.08; and in the metformin group, it was 11.93 ± 4.64 (P = .16). Compared to the beginning of the study, the MASI scores were significantly decreased in both groups of placebo (P = .00) and metformin (P = .00) one month after the end of the study; nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was observed between the MASI Scores of two groups in any of the study periods (P > .05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that metformin cream significantly declines the patients’ MASI score and does not have any effect on patients’ laboratory markers. Of course, no significant difference was observed between the MASI scores of the patients receiving metformin and the placebo group; however, the MASI score decrease trend continued until the 12th week; while in the placebo group, no significant decrease was seen after eight weeks.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Effect of Midazolam Administration Before and after Seizures on the Prevention of Complications in Children Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy Compared with a Control Group

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Masoudifar ◽  
Behzad Nazemroaya ◽  
Maryam Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seizure Duration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Group B

Background: One of the complications of ECT treatment is headache. There is a need to use sedation during ECT. As a result, midazolam has been used to address a safe and effective strategy in this regard. Methods: This study is a double-blind clinical trial that has been performed in three groups: group A, which receives midazolam based on the usual regimen, group B, which receives midazolam after shock, and group C, which is the control group. Patients were asked about headache, nausea, and muscle aches during the recovery time, seizure duration and after becoming fully conscious. Data were analyzed in the PASW version18 software using analysis of variance and repeated measurement tests, ANOVA, independed t and χ2 tests. Results: Analysis showed that the frequency of muscle pain after full consciousness in group C was significantly higher than group B, with group B being higher than group A. χ2 test showed that the frequency of headache, cough and nausea in group C was significantly higher than the two groups A and B. Conclusion: The result of this research showed that midazolam prodrug plays an effective role in preventing post-ECT complications in children. The effect of midazolam before and after ECT on headache, muscle pain and nausea was investigated and compared with the control group. Also, due to its anterograde amnesia, midazolam can reduce the patient's stress in the next visits, and this issue is even more important when the patient is a child.

scholarly journals Clinical effect of a herbal dentifrice on the control of plaque and gingivitis: a double-blind study

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽  
Joyce Pereira de Mattos ◽  
Paula Nini Ranoya ◽  
Alberto Martins de Jesus ◽  
Roberto Fraga Moreira Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of the Paradontax dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Subjects were randomly allocated into either the test group (n = 15, Paradontax) or the control group (n = 15, standard dentifrice with fluoride). Plaque levels were measured using the Turesky modification of the Quigley & Hein Plaque Index (PI), and gingivitis was evaluated with the Gingival Index (GI). Subjects were asked to brush their teeth with the allocated dentifrice, three times a day, for 21 days. There was no significant difference between groups in relation to the PI and GI medians, at baseline and at the end of the 21-day period. There was no significant reduction in PI in either the test or control groups. There was a significant decrease in GI in the test group. The authors concluded that there was no difference between the dentifrices in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.

scholarly journals The effects of pulsatile flushing on phlebitis and peripheral intravenous catheters patency

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Background and Aim: Thrombophlebitis is considered as a major cause of peripheral intravenous catheters (PICs) failure. The flushing technique in the laboratory has been effective in clearing the catheter duct, but its effectiveness in the clinical setting is unknown, therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of pulsatile flushing on phlebitis, type, and duration of PICs patency in patients. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 71 patients admitted to the inpatient and surgical wards of Imam Khomeini Esfarayen Hospital were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups after sampling by available methods. In the intervention group, the flushing technique was performed by injecting 1 ml of the normal saline solution for one second, then interrupting less than one second and repeating the injection and interrupting until the end of 5 ml of the solution. The Consequences of this study were phlebitis, duration, and type of PICs patency, which were evaluated every 12 hours by using Jackson's phlebitis instrument and direct observation of the catheter. Results: The incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group was lower than the control group (P<0.001). In addition, two groups had a statistically significant difference in the type of PICs (P<0.001). The median duration of PICs patency in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Pulsatile flushing is an effective technique to increase longevity of PICs and recommended as a practical method in clinical setting.

scholarly journals Healing With Bach® Flower Essences: Testing a Complementary Therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Halberstein ◽  
Lydia DeSantis ◽  
Alicia Sirkin ◽  
Vivian Padron-Fajardo ◽  
Maria Ojeda-Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Standard Dosage ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Situational Stress ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Treatment ◽  
And Control

Bach®Original Flower Essence (BFE) Rescue®Remedy, a modality used since 1930 but not yet thoroughly investigated scientifically, was evaluated for the reduction of acute situational stress. A double-blind clinical trial comparing a standard dosage of BFE Rescue Remedy against a placebo of identical appearance was conducted in a sample of 111 individuals aged 18 to 49, randomized into treatment ( n = 53) and control ( n = 58) groups. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered before and after the use of Rescue Remedy or placebo. Downward trends in anxiety level measurements were discovered in both the treatment (Rescue Remedy) and control (placebo) groups. Statistical analyses indicated that only the high-state anxiety treatment subgroup demonstrated a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The results suggest that BFE Rescue Remedy may be effective in reducing high levels of situational anxiety.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effectiveness of Galphimia glauca in Young People with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofelia Romero-Cerecero ◽  
Ana Laura Islas-Garduño ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Ma. Dolores Pérez-García ◽  
Jaime Tortoriello
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
A Value ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Social anxiety is one of the most common disorders found in the population attending the first level of health care. Galphimia glauca has been used for many years in Mexican traditional medicine to treat “nervous disorders”. A standardized extract of this species has been evaluated in clinical studies that have proven its efficacy and safety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. In this work, a double-blind clinical trial was carried out, using sertraline as a control. Patients from both sexes (18 to 35 years old) with moderate or severe social anxiety were included. Experimental group was treated daily (orally), for 10 weeks, with an extract from G. glauca containing 0.374 mg/dose of Galphimine-B (G-B, active compound). Patients in the control group were given sertraline (50 mg) in the same conditions. All patients were evaluated every two weeks. Another assessment was done one month after the end of the administration period. A total of 34 patients was included, 17 in each group. Women were predominant, and the mean age was 25 ± 4.7 years. In patients who received the G. glauca standardized extract, a significant reduction in anxiety was observed, with a value (in the Brief Social Phobia Scale) of 41.1±10.3 points at the start and 11.2±5.6 points at the end of treatment, while patients treated with sertraline had a value of 37.7±7.3 points at the beginning and 11.1±5.2 points at the end. No significant difference was observed between the treated groups. In a similar way, the health scale showed a gradual and continuous improvement in each of the five evaluations. In conclusion, the 10-week oral administration of G. glauca standardized extract showed efficacy and safety in patients with social anxiety disorder, without showing a significant difference from patients treated with sertraline.

scholarly journals The effect of Reiki on blood hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léia Fortes Salles ◽  
Luciana Vannucci ◽  
Amanda Salles ◽  
Maria Júlia Paes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective Determining the immediate effect of Reiki on abnormal blood pressure. Methods An experimental, double-blind study, in which were included 66 hypertensive patients, randomized to the three following study groups: control, placebo and experimental. The intervention lasted 20 minutes, the control group remained at rest, the placebo group received an imitation of the studied technique (mock Reiki) and the experimental group received the Reiki technique. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention by the same person with the same instrument. Results There was a decrease in blood pressure in the three groups and the reduction was greater in the experimental group, followed by the placebo and the control group. The ANOVA model for repeated measures showed a statistically significant difference among the groups (p <0.0001). Conclusion Reiki had a positive effect on reducing abnormal blood pressure, suggesting to be a complementary technique for the control of hypertension.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Additive Effect of Domperidone on Patients with Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarang Taghvaei ◽  
Arash Kazemi ◽  
Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Hamidian ◽  
Hafez Tirgar Fakheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem with annoying symptoms. It is associated with negative impact on quality of life. Prokinetic agents may be used in combination with acid suppression agents as an adjunctive in patients with GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy, rather than as sole treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination of PPI with domperidone (a prokinetic agent) compared with PPI alone in the treatment of patients with refractory GERD. METHODS This study was a double blind clinical trial on 29 patients with GERD refractory to PPI during the period of one month. By randomization, the patients were divided into two groups. Group A was treated by pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily and domperidone three times a day for a month, while group B was treated by pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily and placebo three times a day. In this study endoscopy was performed to evaluate the prevalence of erosive esophagitis, non-erosive reflux, and hiatal hernia. Manometry was conducted to study the prevalence of dysmotility. GERD symptom questionnaires including the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Carlson Dennett, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 health survey (SF36) were used before and after treatment for screening GERD and assessing treatment response. RESULTS There were 17 (58.62%) women and 12 (41.37%) men. The prevalence of erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux, was 10.34% and 89.66%, respectively. There was a significant difference comparing reflux symptoms before and after treatment between the two groups according to reflux and Carlson Dennett questionnaires. At the end of the study, symptoms of reflux significantly improved by treatment. Although, the quality of life questionnaire scores improved by treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in response to treatment between the two groups. CONCLUSION In this research, we showed that adding domperidone to PPI could not make any improvement in patients with refractory reflux regarding the quality of life and improving the symptoms.

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