scholarly journals Perspectives of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.) genetic improvement

Agricultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Šušek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Helleborus Niger ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Christmas Rose

Abstract The Christmas rose is becoming a very important ornamental plant on the market. It is relatively new to intensive production technologies. The number of genetically-improved varieties on the market is limited, and many of the old cultivars are no longer available because of slow and economically unfeasible vegetative propagation. In the future, its genetic improvement will probably become inevitable. New cultivars will have to satisfy the specific requirements of the market and producers as well as strict environmental policy. In order to obtain new cultivars it will be necessary to evaluate the existing germplasm and apply an adequate genetic breeding approach. There are seven main possibilities of creating new varieties: the use of natural variation associated with seed germination, population approach based on recurrent selection, individual selection based on specific genetic combinations, the creation of inbred lines and the formation of hybrids, interspecific hybridisation, mutagenesis and genetic engineering. Molecular markers can be very helpful during the breeding process. They can be used in order to study genetic relationships amongst populations, ecotypes, varieties, and hybrids.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Leaf Spots and Their Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape and Vein Color in Caladium

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Fahrettin Goktepe ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
New Cultivars

The ornamental value of caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) depends to a large extent on its foliar characteristics. Efficient genetic improvement of caladium foliar characteristics requires a good understanding of the inheritance of these traits, including leaf shape, color, and spots. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of leaf spots in caladium and to understand their relationships with leaf shape and main vein color. Eighteen controlled crosses were made among eight commercial cultivars expressing red or no leaf spots, and progeny of these crosses were observed for segregation of leaf spots as well as leaf shape and vein color. A single locus with two alleles is shown to be responsible for the presence or absence of leaf spots in caladium, with the presence allele (S) dominant over the absence allele (s). The major spotted commercial cultivar Gingerland is heterozygous for this trait. Leaf spots are inherited independently from leaf shape, but they are closely linked with the color of the main leaf veins. The recombination frequencies between the leaf spot locus and the main vein color locus ranged from 0.0% to 8.9% with the crosses or the parental cultivars used, with an average of 4.4%. Leaf spots and vein colors represent the first linkage group of ornamental traits in caladium and possibly in other ornamental aroids. The knowledge gained in this study will be valuable when it comes to determine what crosses to make for development of new cultivars. It may be also useful to those interested in determining the inheritance of similar traits in other ornamental plants, including other ornamental aroids such as dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia Schott).

scholarly journals Helleborus Niger: Systematics, Ecology, Pollination and Production Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Šušek
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Helleborus Niger ◽  
Christmas Rose

The scientific monograph covers the botanical classification of the genus Helleborus L. and the Christmas rose species (Helleborus niger L.), which has undergone numerous changes throughout its botanical history. The Christmas rose is becoming increasingly important in the ornamental plant market. Its characteristic flowering in the coldest months of the year represents a great advantage over many other species of ornamental plants. As the Christmas rose does not require high temperatures to start flowering, its cultivation can be considered affordable and environmentally friendly. The supply of attractive varieties is likely to be one of the key factors that will affect its popularity in the future. The number of genetically improved (bred) varieties is limited on the market, so selective breeding of Christmas rose will become inevitable in the future. The presented results of pollination analyses, related to insect activity, are important for breeding. Observations indicate that the Christmas rose is an entomophilous and a predominantly allogamous species. Knowledge of plant ecology and cultivation technology will also be exceptionally important. In intensive cultivation, the production technology for Christmas roses is still to a large extent incomplete. The monograph includes scientific findings on the ecology and biology of the Christmas rose, its reproductive processes, and the production technology for potted plants. The monograph also presents the results of the study on the effects of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi) on the growth and development of seedlings from in vivo and in vitro environments. The results of the study indicate that biotisation is a useful technology and that inoculation with specific microorganisms has a beneficial effect on growth.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships among founders of a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) genetic improvement program in Bangladesh

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 736715
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Hamilton ◽  
Wagdy Mekkawy ◽  
Benoy K. Barman ◽  
Md. Badrul Alam ◽  
Manjurul Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Improvement Program

scholarly journals Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes of wheat farmers in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Pandit ◽  
ME Baksh ◽  
MA Sufian ◽  
M Harun-ur-Rashid ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes like adoption of new wheat varieties and production technologies, income and attitude change of the wheat farmers, etc. are presented in the paper. Participatory variety selection was conducted at 12 villages of four districts in Bangladesh. Base line information from the villages was collected through participatory rural appraisal and household survey in 2002. Data on agro-economic changes were collected through household survey in 2005. Impacts were assessed from the difference of the data of two surveys. The area of the check variety Kanchan came down from 97.8% (covered in 2002) to 57% in the working villages in 2005. Varietal diversity was increased remarkably and seven varieties were found to cultivate in 2004-05. The new varieties occupied 43% of the wheat areas. Seed preservation by farmers was increased remarkably and 208 tons seeds of new varieties were preserved by them in 2004-05. When 60% seeds of their total requirements were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation in 2002, then, 100% seeds were used from farmers’ own source in 2004-05. There were remarkable changes in production technology adoption, sources of agricultural knowledge, attitude and income changes. Farmers’ income was increased to Tk. 11148/ha due to cultivation of new varieties and use of recommended production technologies. Participatory variety selection approach in wheat was found very useful to increase wheat production in the working villages. Widespread use of this approach may be useful throughout the county in other crops also.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.462Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 335-347, September 2007

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity in Indian Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp. complex) using morphological and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Moharil ◽  
Dipti Gawai ◽  
N. Dikshit ◽  
M.S. Dudhare ◽  
P. V. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
High Degree

In the present study, morphological and molecular markers (RAPD primers) were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 21 accessions of Echinochloa spp. complex comprising the wild and cultivated species collected from Melghat and adjoining regions of Vidarbha, Maharashtra. The availability of diverse genetic resources is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of any crop including barnyard millet. A high degree of molecular diversity among the landraces was detected. Among the 21 genotypes, two major groups (A and B) were formed, at 67.28 % similarity, which clearly encompasses 15 accessions of E. frumentacea and 6 accessions of E. colona. Higher similarity was observed in accessions of E. frumentacea. The accessions IC 597322 and IC 597323 also IC 597302 and IC 597304 showed more than 94% similarity among themselves. The classification of genetic diversity has enabled clear-cut grouping of barnyard millet accessions into two morphological races (E. frumentacea and E. colona).

Genetic improvement programs for aquaculture species

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
B. Gjerde ◽  
B. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Genetic Quality ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The high yields obtained in agriculture rely heavily on the use of domesticated and genetically improved breeds and varieties. Until quite recently this has not been the case for most farmed aquaculture species that, in the genetic sense, are still much closer to the wild state than are the major terrestrial animals and food crops. Less than 10 % of the total world aquaculture production is based on improved strains. Due to a growing human population and a decline in production from capture fisheries, there is therefore a great disparity between the need for increased aquaculture production and the genetic quality of the strains available to meet that need. Moreover, full benefits of investments in management improvements (feed and feeding practices, control of diseases, etc.) can only be obtained through the use of genetically improved animals.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships Among Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines in Shandong Province, PRC

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Q. Xue ◽  
T. G. Isleib
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
New Germplasm ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract Shandong province is the leading peanut-producing province in China which in turn is the leading peanut-producing country in the world. Shandong Peanut Research Institute (SPRI), an institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, has had an ongoing breeding program for more than 40 yr and is the source of the peanut cultivars that dominate production in Shandong province and northern China. About 75 peanut cultivars and breeding lines have been released in Shandong by SPRI and other institutions. The genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars has been described as narrow. The objective of this study was to (a) determine the genetic contribution of main ancestors to the genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars and (b) study the genetic relationships among the peanut cultivars released in Shandong province during 1950-1999. Twentysix ancestors were identified in the pedigrees of 69 improved lines, 24 ancestors of Chinese origin contributed 96.1% of the Shandong peanut genetic base, and two exotic introductions contributed only 3.6%. The four most important ancestors based on average coancestry with the 69 improved lines are Fu Hua Sheng (PI 436545), Shi Tou Qi (PI 430227 and PI 461435), Jianggezhuang Ban Man (PI 433351), and Shuyang Da Zhan Yang from which 67, 28, 27 and 19 lines were derived, respectively. Among the 20 dominant cultivars of Shandong province, recently released cultivars Lu Hua 14 and Lu Hua 15 have the lowest average coancestry with the others which means those two new cultivars' have the high genetic divergence. In contrast, the very popular cultivars Fu Hua Sheng, Baisha 1016, Xuzhou 68-4, Lu Hua 9, and the new cultivar 8130 were closely related to the other cultivars. The results suggest that the genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars released before 1990 is narrow, but that cultivars released after 1990 have broadened the genetic base due to introduction and use of new germplasm in the pedigrees. This information will be used as a guide for peanut breeders in choosing parents and avoiding genetic vulnerability to pests. For new cross combinations, parents with low coefficients of coancestry should be chosen in order to keep enlarging the gene pool of the new cultivars.

Diameter and height distributions in genetically improved Pinus radiata

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Carson ◽  
J D Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
The Right

Diameter and height distributions for Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown from seed lots representing a range of genetic improvement were compared at midrotation (age 14 or 15) in seven large-plot trials at six sites. In one of the trials, comparisons were made at year 5 and annually from age 8 to 16. These are the first data from plantation conifers comparing tree size distributions of commercially planted seed lots. Differences among seed lots for quadratic mean diameter and mean height were statistically significant and generally reflected the expected level of genetic improvement. Standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis were not significantly different among seed lots. However, diameter distributions of higher rated seed lots sometimes appeared very slightly more skewed to the right and flatter than the lower rated seed lots, a similar tendency observed as stands age. Models used to predict diameter distribution from stand parameters are not likely to require modification for genetically improved seed lots.

scholarly journals Efficient Isolation and Structure Analysis of (+)-Ranuncoside, a Unique Tricyclic Spiroacetal Glycoside, from Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110694
Author(s):  
Eckehard Cuny ◽  
Franz-Dietrich Klingler
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
System A ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry ◽  
Helleborus Niger ◽  
Christmas Rose

The use of medicinal herbs as remedies reaches back to the Stone Age, and their importance as a source of drugs has continuously increased since then. Herbal ingredients can serve as active pharmaceuticals themselves or as lead substances for the development of synthetic pharmaceuticals with less toxicity, higher effectiveness or with new properties. To date, only 6% of the ∼600,000 plants on earth have been tested pharmacologically. Among these, the medicinal plant Helleborus niger L. (Christmas rose) is especially promising because its leaves contain ( + )-ranuncoside 1, characterized by a spiroacetal ring system, a motif which is responsible for the biological activity of a multitude of natural products. Structure-activity relationship studies of ( + )-ranuncoside 1 are lacking and no synthesis of 1 has been described yet. Therefore, we developed a protocol for the rapid and efficient isolation of 1 from the leaves of cultivated Christmas rose. Crystals of high purity were obtained that enabled us to study the stereochemistry of 1 by NMR spectroscopy in solution for the first time. The spiro configuration, the absolute stereochemistry, and the geometry of all three rings was then confirmed by x-ray structure analysis. Our data will enable future structure-activity relationship studies to assess the potential of 1 as a lead substance for the development of novel antibiotics and anticancer agents.

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