scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity in Indian Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp. complex) using morphological and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Moharil ◽  
Dipti Gawai ◽  
N. Dikshit ◽  
M.S. Dudhare ◽  
P. V. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
High Degree

In the present study, morphological and molecular markers (RAPD primers) were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 21 accessions of Echinochloa spp. complex comprising the wild and cultivated species collected from Melghat and adjoining regions of Vidarbha, Maharashtra. The availability of diverse genetic resources is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of any crop including barnyard millet. A high degree of molecular diversity among the landraces was detected. Among the 21 genotypes, two major groups (A and B) were formed, at 67.28 % similarity, which clearly encompasses 15 accessions of E. frumentacea and 6 accessions of E. colona. Higher similarity was observed in accessions of E. frumentacea. The accessions IC 597322 and IC 597323 also IC 597302 and IC 597304 showed more than 94% similarity among themselves. The classification of genetic diversity has enabled clear-cut grouping of barnyard millet accessions into two morphological races (E. frumentacea and E. colona).

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

Utilisation of wild Cicer in chickpea improvement — progress, constraints, and prospects

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Croser ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
H. J. Clarke ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cicer Species ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Wild Cicer Species ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Primary Focus

Efforts to improve the yield and quality of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are constrained by a low level of intraspecific genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity can be achieved via the hybridisation of the cultivated species with the unimproved 'wild' relatives from within the 43 species of the Cicer genus. To date, the 8 species sharing an annual growth habit and chromosome number with C. arietinum have been the primary focus of screening and introgression efforts. Screening of these species has uncovered morphological characteristics and resistance to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that are of potential value to chickpea improvement programs. Detailed analysis of protein and DNA, karyotyping, and crossability studies have begun to elucidate the relationships between the annual Cicer species. In comparison, perennial species have received little attention due to difficulties in collection, propagation, and evaluation. This review discusses the progress towards an understanding of genetic relationships between the Cicer species, and the introgression of genes from the wild Cicer species into the cultivated species.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces using SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Mohammad Zahidul Islam ◽  
Md. Ferdous Rezwan Khan Prince ◽  
Md. Ekramul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Boro Rice ◽  
Research Institute

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of twenty four Boro rice landraces using rice genome specific twelve well known SSR markers. Study Design: Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and data analysis-these steps were followed to perform the research work. Data was analysed with the help of following software; POWERMAKER version 3.25, AlphaEaseFC (Alpha Innotech Corporation) version 4.0. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed using MEGA 5.1 software. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the period of November 2017 to March 2018. Methodology: Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to assay 24 landraces of Boro rice collected from the Gene Bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Results: A total fifty four (54) alleles were detected, out of which forty five (45) polymorphic alleles were identified. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of SSR markers ranged from 0.08 (RM447) to 0.84 (RM206) with an average value of PIC = 0.49. Gene diversity ranges from 0.08 (RM447) to 0.86 (RM206) with an average value of 0.52. The RM206 marker can be considered as the best marker among the studied markers for 24 rice landraces. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) indicated the segregation of 24 genotypes into three main clusters. Conclusion: The result revealed that SSR markers are very effective tools in the study of genetic diversity and genetic relationships and this result can be conveniently used for further molecular diversity analysis of rice genotypes to identify diverse parent for the development of high yielding variety in rice.

Genetic analysis of mango landraces from Mexico based on molecular markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didiana Gálvez-López ◽  
Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado ◽  
Maurilio González-Paz ◽  
Enrique Noe Becerra-Leor ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic diversity and relationships among 112 mango (Mangifera indica) plants native to 16 states of Mexico and four controls [three mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Manila and Tommy Atkins) and one accession ofMangifera odorata] were evaluated based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Mango germplasm shows broad dispersion through Mexico and genetically similar germplasm from different agroecological regions has previously been found by our group. Both AFLP and SSR analyses indicated high genetic similarity among mango populations that were clustered in two major groups: mangos from Gulf of Mexico coastline and mangos from Pacific Ocean coastline and locations far away from the sea. The highest genetic diversity was found within plants from each state, and significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.1921, AFLPs and 0.1911, SSRs) was also observed among mango populations based on geographical origin and genetic status (cultivars versus landraces). Heterozygosity values ranged from low (0.38) to moderate (0.68), and no heterozygote deficits were found. The highest genetic variability was found in mango populations from Tabasco, Michoacán and Oaxaca. Data suggested that mangoes are subjected to natural or induced pollination, so segregation as well as genetic recombination plays major roles on genetic diversification of Mexican mangos. AFLP analysis was more robust than SSR for determining the genetic relationships among mango landraces from Mexico.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sugarcane Parents in Chinese Breeding Programmes Using gSSR Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian You ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Yifeng Zheng ◽  
Youxiong Que
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
Simple Sequence

Sugarcane is the most important sugar and bioenergy crop in the world. The selection and combination of parents for crossing rely on an understanding of their genetic structures and molecular diversity. In the present study, 115 sugarcane genotypes used for parental crossing were genotyped based on five genomic simple sequence repeat marker (gSSR) loci and 88 polymorphic alleles of loci (100%) as detected by capillary electrophoresis. The values of genetic diversity parameters across the populations indicate that the genetic variation intrapopulation (90.5%) was much larger than that of interpopulation (9.5%). Cluster analysis revealed that there were three groups termed as groups I, II, and III within the 115 genotypes. The genotypes released by each breeding programme showed closer genetic relationships, except the YC series released by Hainan sugarcane breeding station. Using principle component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components accounted for a cumulative 76% of the total variances, in which 43% were for common parents and 33% were for new parents, respectively. The knowledge obtained in this study should be useful to future breeding programs for increasing genetic diversity of sugarcane varieties and cultivars to meet the demand of sugarcane cultivation for sugar and bioenergy use.

scholarly journals Classification of Genus Acanthopanax in Korea and Genetic Diversity Using Allozymes

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Huh ◽  
H. W. Huh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Sizes

Abstract Genus Acanthopanax is a long-lived woody species that is primarily distributed throughout Asia. Many species of this genus are regarded as medically and ecologically important. We evaluated a representative sample of the nine taxa with allozymes to estimate genetic relationships within the genus. As some Korean populations were isolated and patchily distributed, they exhibited a low level of genetic diversity. The narrow geographic ranges, artificial distribution of habitats, and small population sizes are proposed as factors contributing to low genetic diversity. Acanthopanax seoulense was similar to A. sessiliflorus, while a cluster of the A. rufinerve population is distant from any other species. A. senticosus is closely related to A. seoulense and A. sessiliflorus, whereas other species (A. koreanum) are more distinct from the Korean populations. Korean species are clustered together and clearly differentiated from the Chinese and Russian Acanthopanax taxa, genus Acanthopanax

Collection and characterization of maize and upland rice populations cropped by poor farmers in the uplands of Panama's Azuero region

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
B. E. Love ◽  
S. Dreisigacker ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Modern Varieties

The conservation of crop genetic resources is an international priority and requires the continued collection and characterization of farmer varieties. We collected and characterized maize and upland rice populations cropped by farmers in Panama's Azuero region. The objective of our study was to evaluate the crop genetic diversity of farmer varieties of maize and upland rice grown by poor farmers in Panama. We found that: (1) farmers' naming practices only partially corresponded to genetic relationships and were the strongest for rice populations; (2) farmers' classification of populations as ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’ was reflected in phenotypic differences; (3) Panamanian maize populations were molecularly distinct from populations collected elsewhere in Latin America; and (4) heterogeneous rice populations were common and heterogeneity was often due to admixture of recognized farmer varieties. Our results indicate that poor farmers in Panama continue to farm ‘traditional’ varieties that harbour genetic diversity of interest. There has, however, been substantial adoption of ‘modern’ varieties.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity in Lactucaspeciesusing Isozymes and RAPD Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda H. Helmy Sammour ◽  
A-Z. A. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Understanding of the molecular basis of genetic diversity in Lactucaaccessions is substantial for the management, improvementand efficient uses of Lactuca accessions. Therefore, this workaimed to evaluate molecular diversity among twenty-six accessions of Lactuca species usingisozymes and RAPD analyses. The polymorphic percentages were 87.09%and 100% in isozymes and RAPD analyses respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity.Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated,L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2)collected the accessions of L. vimineain one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L.saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on the alleles “B”of the tested isozymes and the cultivated species on alleles “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.

Implications for the conservation of genetic diversity in mohair goats from a comparison of a relic island population with breeds farmed in Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Balasingham ◽  
N. A. Robinson ◽  
B. A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Angora Goats ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

The genetic relationships between an abandoned population of mohair-style, fibre-producing goats from the remote semi-arid Faure Island, Western Australia and 3 modern breeds of Angora goats (Australian, southern African and Texan) were investigated. Faure Island goats originated from stock introduced in the 1890s, reputedly from South Africa. Farmed Faure goats were abandoned on the island about 1918, but their fine mohair fleece has since generated commercial interest within the Australian mohair industry. Nineteen microsatellite loci were used to compare Nei’s genetic distance between and variation within the breeds. Faure Island goats are more similar to southern African and Texan Angoras than to Australian Angoras. Genetic variability was lower in Australian Angoras than in Faure Island, southern African and Texan Angoras (lowest proportion of polymorphic loci, mean heterozygosity and mean number of alleles). Current Faure Island mohair-style goats are more closely related to modern southern African Angora goats than to traditional Australian Angora goats, while the reduced variability in the latter may have resulted from inbreeding. These results have implications for the genetic improvement of fibre-producing goats and for the conservation of genetic material from island populations of goats.

Genetic diversity in wild Lens spp. using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavati G. Gore ◽  
M. K. Rana ◽  
Kuldeep Tripathi ◽  
Mohar Singh ◽  
I. S. Bisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

Genetic diversity was assessed in 50 accessions of seven <italic>Lens</italic> species using ISSR markers. The collection included accessions of the cultivated species <italic>L. culinaris</italic> and six wild species, <italic>viz</italic>., <italic>L. culinaris</italic> ssp. <italic>odemensis, L. culinaris</italic> ssp. <italic>orientalis</italic>, <italic>L.</italic> <italic>orientalis, L. nigricans, L. lamottei</italic> and <italic>L. ervoides.</italic> The 23 ISSR primers amplified a total of 368 bands with an average of 16 bands per primer. Maximum number of 20 bands was amplified using each of the primers ISSR-34 and ISSR-835. All the primers were found to be polymorphic. PIC values ranged from 0.02 to 0.80. The primers ISSR-807, ISSR- 809, ISSR- 827, ISSR- 847, ISSR-28 and ISSR- 37 were found to be very useful for analyzing the molecular diversity of the genus <italic>Lens</italic>. Cluster Analysis and Principal Coordinates Analyses placed the 50 accessions into two groups and complemented each other.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document