scholarly journals The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jandová ◽  
Petra Urbanová
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background and aim: The effect of socio-economic factors (living conditions) and parental smoking habits on development of facial morphology and body measurements was studied on a longitudinal Czech sample of 25 girls and 25 boys. Subjects and methods: A set of studied digitalized photographs taken from 0.5 to 18 years in intervals of 6 months originated in the Brno Longitudinal Study. Facial shape changes of sub-adult participants were described using a configuration of 27 landmarks and further studied by using methods of geometric morphometric and multivariate statistics. In order to localize growth-related shape changes within the face, the studied region was divided into upper, middle and lower facial units and analyzed separately. Results and conclusion: The results show that in the course of ontogenesis there is a strong correlation between facial shape change and body measurements, height included (r=0.10 and r=0.24 in boys and in girls, respectively). The pubertal spurt of the facial shape change rate was revealed at 10.5 years in girls and at 11.5 years in boys. The earlier onset of the pubertal rate increase in facial shape changes in boys was associated with records of poor living conditions. In addition, the mother’s smoking habits were linked to a noticeable facial shape change.

scholarly journals Examination of Facial Shape Changes Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Using Geometric Morphometrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shape Changes

Facial investigations using geometric morphometrics has been used in many studies to affirm that a particular disease can attribute to an individual’s facial morphology. A landmark based geometric morphometric analysis was used in this study to asses if facial shape changes are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and if facial morphology of the CVD individuals differs from the normal ones. In the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, frontal face images taken from 32 cardiovascular disease patients and 32 normal individuals were examined using forty-one manually positioned landmarks. Result showed that facial morphology of the CVD group differs from non-CVD group. Procrustes ANOVA showed significant values for the individual symmetry and directional asymmetry. The analysis of structure by the Principal Components reveals particular variations and the scatter plot of the residual asymmetry shows distinct differences between CVD and non-CVD. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases contribute to facial shape changes and that development of facial morphology differs between CVD and non-CVD group.

scholarly journals Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during alignment stage of orthodontic treatment: a 3D geometric morphometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
Facial Form

Abstract Background To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment. Methods 43 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment. Results We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.0022). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0045) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0072). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.32 mm, 0.21 mm, and 1.34 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.1143). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05). Conclusion Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

Soft Tissue Facial Changes Among Adult Females Receiving Orthodontic Treatment: A Spatially Dense 3D Geometric Morphometric Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Facial Changes

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial shape were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

scholarly journals Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during the first six months of orthodontic treatment: a spatially dense 3D geometric morphometric study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
Facial Form

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

scholarly journals Regional Risk Factors of Pancreatic Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
IL Ivanova ◽  
AA Vazhenina ◽  
LV Trankovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Disorders ◽  
Regional Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: Establishing geographical features of health effects of socio-economic factors and characteristics of adaptation of certain population groups to new living conditions is important for taking appropriate preventive measures to improve the situation and for strategic planning in the sphere of health care and social development of territories. The purpose of the research was to determine priority regional risk factors for pancreatic disorders in the population of Primorsky Krai. Materials and methods: We conducted a hygienic and statistical analysis of the impact of selected socio-economic factors on the incidence rates of pancreatic diseases in children, adolescents, and adults. The database on the registered non-communicable disease incidence included the indices registered by the Primorsky Regional Medical Information and Analytical Center. The study of socio-economic factors included a quantitative assessment of data on three groups of indicators including living conditions, material well-being, and medical density over a 17-year observation period extracted from the regional yearbooks of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for Primorsky Krai. Results: We established an inverse relationship between pancreatic disease rates and the indices of population density, per capita income, and solvency ratio and a direct relationship with the proportion of living space in houses without utilities. Conclusion: Our findings enabled us to establish the relationship between adverse effects of socio-economic factors and pancreatic diseases in the regional population and to make a significant contribution to substantiating appropriate measures of primary prevention at the population level.

scholarly journals Heritability of face shape in twins: a preliminary study using 3D stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth M. Weinberg ◽  
Trish E. Parsons ◽  
Mary L. Marazita ◽  
Brion S. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biological Shape

Introduction: Previous research suggests that aspects of facial surface morphology are heritable.  Traditionally, heritability studies have used a limited set of linear distances to quantify facial morphology and often employ statistical methods poorly designed to deal with biological shape.  In this preliminary report, we use a combination of 3D photogrammetry and landmark-based morphometrics to explore which aspects of face shape show the strongest evidence of heritability in a sample of twins. Methods: 3D surface images were obtained from 21 twin pairs (10 monozygotic, 11 same-sex dizygotic).  Thirteen 3D landmarks were collected from each facial surface and their coordinates subjected to geometric morphometric analysis.  This involved superimposing the individual landmark configurations and then subjecting the resulting shape coordinates to a principal components analysis.  The resulting PC scores were then used to calculate rough narrow-sense heritability estimates. Results: Three principal components displayed evidence of moderate to high heritability and were associated with variation in the breadth of orbital and nasal structures, upper lip height and projection, and the vertical and forward projection of the root of the nose due to variation in the position of nasion. Conclusions: Aspects of facial shape, primarily related to variation in length and breadth of central midfacial structures, were shown to demonstrate evidence of strong heritability. An improved understanding of which facial features are under strong genetic control is an important step in the identification of specific genes that underlie normal facial variation.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Reiss ◽  
Thomas M. Grothues
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape Changes

Previously recognized color and pattern variants of adult Cichla temensis in Amazon flood pulse river environments reflect the cycling of individuals through seasonal sexual maturity and spawning. Individuals also vary in shape from blocky to fusiform. To determine if shape differences are related to patterns of fat reserve deposition and utilization, and to quantify the relationship of shape with color and pattern variation and life history status, specimens in each of four previously defined grades of color and pattern variation were compared using geometric morphometric techniques. Progressive shape changes occurred between grades independent of sex and correlated to gonosomatic index (GSI). Thin plate spline deformation visualizations indicate that the observed shape differences are related to fat deposition patterns. The seasonal timing of shape change and its link to color pattern variation, sexual maturity and local water level conditions suggests a relationship between the physiological and behavioral characteristics of C. temensis and the cyclical flood pulse pattern of its habitat.

Purity and Politics in Herod Antipas’s Galilee: The Case for Religious Motivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Morten Hørning Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Material Data ◽  
Jesus Movement ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Recent investigations of the milieu of Galilee in the late Second Temple period have largely sought to understand the emergence of the Jesus movement by searching for explanations in the living conditions of the region. Political, cultural and socio-economic factors have been pursued to unlock the mystery of the Jesus movement’s Galilean provenance. While not denying the validity of these perspectives, the present study aims at introducing religious motivation and purity concerns as distinct characteristics of Galilee in the Herodian period. This is done by discussing the material data that point to religious motivation and by surveying the relevant textual material that sheds light on the growing halakhic concern for purity in this period. It is concluded that religious motivation and purity concern indeed were driving factors in the Galilean milieu, placing Galilee firmly within the wider developments of the Jewish state from the Maccabean Revolt onward.

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