Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during the first six months of orthodontic treatment: a spatially dense 3D geometric morphometric study

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

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Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during alignment stage of orthodontic treatment: a 3D geometric morphometric study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01425-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Si Yu Hou ◽

Wenwen Zhou ◽

Hongwei Dai ◽

Hai Ming Wong ◽

Yi Feng Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Shape Change ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Adult Females ◽

Facial Shape ◽

Facial Changes ◽

Facial Form

Abstract Background To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment. Methods 43 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment. Results We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.0022). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0045) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0072). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.32 mm, 0.21 mm, and 1.34 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.1143). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05). Conclusion Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

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Soft Tissue Facial Changes Among Adult Females Receiving Orthodontic Treatment: A Spatially Dense 3D Geometric Morphometric Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35933/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Si Yu Hou ◽

Wenwen Zhou ◽

Hongwei Dai ◽

Hai Ming Wong ◽

Yi Feng Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Shape Change ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Adult Females ◽

Facial Shape ◽

Mean And Variance ◽

Facial Changes

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial shape were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

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The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2016-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 181-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marie Jandová ◽

Petra Urbanová

Keyword(s):

Shape Change ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Facial Shape ◽

Shape Changes ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background and aim: The effect of socio-economic factors (living conditions) and parental smoking habits on development of facial morphology and body measurements was studied on a longitudinal Czech sample of 25 girls and 25 boys. Subjects and methods: A set of studied digitalized photographs taken from 0.5 to 18 years in intervals of 6 months originated in the Brno Longitudinal Study. Facial shape changes of sub-adult participants were described using a configuration of 27 landmarks and further studied by using methods of geometric morphometric and multivariate statistics. In order to localize growth-related shape changes within the face, the studied region was divided into upper, middle and lower facial units and analyzed separately. Results and conclusion: The results show that in the course of ontogenesis there is a strong correlation between facial shape change and body measurements, height included (r=0.10 and r=0.24 in boys and in girls, respectively). The pubertal spurt of the facial shape change rate was revealed at 10.5 years in girls and at 11.5 years in boys. The earlier onset of the pubertal rate increase in facial shape changes in boys was associated with records of poor living conditions. In addition, the mother’s smoking habits were linked to a noticeable facial shape change.

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Examination of Facial Shape Changes Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Using Geometric Morphometrics

Cardiology Open Access ◽

10.33140/coa/03/01/00004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Geometric Morphometrics ◽

Directional Asymmetry ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Facial Shape ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

The Individual ◽

Shape Changes

Facial investigations using geometric morphometrics has been used in many studies to affirm that a particular disease can attribute to an individual’s facial morphology. A landmark based geometric morphometric analysis was used in this study to asses if facial shape changes are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and if facial morphology of the CVD individuals differs from the normal ones. In the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, frontal face images taken from 32 cardiovascular disease patients and 32 normal individuals were examined using forty-one manually positioned landmarks. Result showed that facial morphology of the CVD group differs from non-CVD group. Procrustes ANOVA showed significant values for the individual symmetry and directional asymmetry. The analysis of structure by the Principal Components reveals particular variations and the scatter plot of the residual asymmetry shows distinct differences between CVD and non-CVD. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases contribute to facial shape changes and that development of facial morphology differs between CVD and non-CVD group.

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Allometry and morphological integration in the skull of Tupinambis merianae (Lacertilia: Teiidae)

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/156853897x00440 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 397-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Leandro R. Monteiro ◽

Augusto S. Abe

Keyword(s):

Anterior Extremity ◽

Shape Change ◽

Morphological Integration ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Ontogenetic Variation ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Adductor Muscles ◽

Tupinambis Merianae ◽

Cranial Kinesis

AbstractThe morphogenetic processes acting in the skull of the lizard Tupinambis merianae were investigated by geometric morphometric techniques. The observed ontogenetic shape change involved a widening of the anterior extremity, stretching and narrowing of the midface, narrowing of the braincase, orbital reduction and elongation of the temporal region (origin of jaw adductor muscles). This change occurred mostly in a localized way in certain cranial regions. The major components identified were: rostrum, midface, dermal elements of braincase (functionally influenced) and endochondral elements of braincase (embryologically influenced). The growth patterns lead to an increased robustness of the skull (particularly the anterior extremity) and a reduction of cranial kinesis. These changes, together with the ontogenetic variation in dentition aid in the ontogenetic variation observed in the diet of these animals, which shift from carnivory to omnivory.

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Heritability of face shape in twins: a preliminary study using 3D stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometrics

Dentistry 3000 ◽

10.5195/d3000.2013.14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Seth M. Weinberg ◽

Trish E. Parsons ◽

Mary L. Marazita ◽

Brion S. Maher

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Face Shape ◽

Facial Shape ◽

High Heritability ◽

3D Photogrammetry ◽

The Individual ◽

Biological Shape

Introduction: Previous research suggests that aspects of facial surface morphology are heritable. Traditionally, heritability studies have used a limited set of linear distances to quantify facial morphology and often employ statistical methods poorly designed to deal with biological shape. In this preliminary report, we use a combination of 3D photogrammetry and landmark-based morphometrics to explore which aspects of face shape show the strongest evidence of heritability in a sample of twins. Methods: 3D surface images were obtained from 21 twin pairs (10 monozygotic, 11 same-sex dizygotic). Thirteen 3D landmarks were collected from each facial surface and their coordinates subjected to geometric morphometric analysis. This involved superimposing the individual landmark configurations and then subjecting the resulting shape coordinates to a principal components analysis. The resulting PC scores were then used to calculate rough narrow-sense heritability estimates. Results: Three principal components displayed evidence of moderate to high heritability and were associated with variation in the breadth of orbital and nasal structures, upper lip height and projection, and the vertical and forward projection of the root of the nose due to variation in the position of nasion. Conclusions: Aspects of facial shape, primarily related to variation in length and breadth of central midfacial structures, were shown to demonstrate evidence of strong heritability. An improved understanding of which facial features are under strong genetic control is an important step in the identification of specific genes that underlie normal facial variation.

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Morphometric Study of The Lumbosacral Spine and Some of Its Related Angles in Lebanese Adult Females

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology ◽

10.21608/mjfmct.2013.47676 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 29-48

Author(s):

El Sayed Soliman ◽

Ibtissam Saab ◽

Mohamed El Shishtawy

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Study ◽

Lumbosacral Spine ◽

Adult Females

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A geometric morphometric study of regional differences in the ontogeny of the modern human facial skeleton+

Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00092.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 201 (3) ◽

pp. 211-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Una Strand Vidarsdottir ◽

Paul O'Higgins ◽

Chris Stringer

Keyword(s):

Regional Differences ◽

Modern Human ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Facial Skeleton ◽

Geometric Morphometric

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The Association between Facial Morphology and Cold Pattern

Journal of Korean Medicine ◽

10.13048/jkm.21040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 113-129

Author(s):

Ilkoo Ahn ◽

Kwang-Ho Bae ◽

Hee-Jeong Jin ◽

Siwoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Morphological Features ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Sensory Organs ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

East Asian Medicine ◽

Center Point ◽

Facial Shape ◽

Asian Medicine ◽

The Face ◽

Analysis System

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, using a fully automated facial shape analysis system, we show that facial morphological features are associated with cold pattern.Methods: The facial morphological features calculated from 68 facial landmarks included the angles, areas, and distances between the landmark points of each part of the face. Cold pattern severity was determined using a questionnaire and the cold pattern scores (CPS) were used for analysis. The association between facial features and CPS was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficients.Results: The upper chin width and the lower chin width were negatively associated with CPS. The distance from the center point to the middle jaw and the distance from the center point to the lower jaw were negatively associated with CPS. The angle of the face outline near the ear and the angle of the chin line were positively associated with CPS. The area of the upper part of the face and the area of the face except the sensory organs were negatively associated with CPS. The number of facial morphological features that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with CPS was 37 (unadjusted).Conclusions: In this study of a Korean population, subjects with a high CPS had a more pointed chin, longer face, more angular jaw, higher eyes, and more upward corners of the mouth, and their facial sensory organs were relatively widespread.

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