scholarly journals Examination of Facial Shape Changes Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Using Geometric Morphometrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shape Changes

Facial investigations using geometric morphometrics has been used in many studies to affirm that a particular disease can attribute to an individual’s facial morphology. A landmark based geometric morphometric analysis was used in this study to asses if facial shape changes are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and if facial morphology of the CVD individuals differs from the normal ones. In the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, frontal face images taken from 32 cardiovascular disease patients and 32 normal individuals were examined using forty-one manually positioned landmarks. Result showed that facial morphology of the CVD group differs from non-CVD group. Procrustes ANOVA showed significant values for the individual symmetry and directional asymmetry. The analysis of structure by the Principal Components reveals particular variations and the scatter plot of the residual asymmetry shows distinct differences between CVD and non-CVD. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases contribute to facial shape changes and that development of facial morphology differs between CVD and non-CVD group.

scholarly journals Heritability of face shape in twins: a preliminary study using 3D stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth M. Weinberg ◽  
Trish E. Parsons ◽  
Mary L. Marazita ◽  
Brion S. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biological Shape

Introduction: Previous research suggests that aspects of facial surface morphology are heritable.  Traditionally, heritability studies have used a limited set of linear distances to quantify facial morphology and often employ statistical methods poorly designed to deal with biological shape.  In this preliminary report, we use a combination of 3D photogrammetry and landmark-based morphometrics to explore which aspects of face shape show the strongest evidence of heritability in a sample of twins. Methods: 3D surface images were obtained from 21 twin pairs (10 monozygotic, 11 same-sex dizygotic).  Thirteen 3D landmarks were collected from each facial surface and their coordinates subjected to geometric morphometric analysis.  This involved superimposing the individual landmark configurations and then subjecting the resulting shape coordinates to a principal components analysis.  The resulting PC scores were then used to calculate rough narrow-sense heritability estimates. Results: Three principal components displayed evidence of moderate to high heritability and were associated with variation in the breadth of orbital and nasal structures, upper lip height and projection, and the vertical and forward projection of the root of the nose due to variation in the position of nasion. Conclusions: Aspects of facial shape, primarily related to variation in length and breadth of central midfacial structures, were shown to demonstrate evidence of strong heritability. An improved understanding of which facial features are under strong genetic control is an important step in the identification of specific genes that underlie normal facial variation.

scholarly journals The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jandová ◽  
Petra Urbanová
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background and aim: The effect of socio-economic factors (living conditions) and parental smoking habits on development of facial morphology and body measurements was studied on a longitudinal Czech sample of 25 girls and 25 boys. Subjects and methods: A set of studied digitalized photographs taken from 0.5 to 18 years in intervals of 6 months originated in the Brno Longitudinal Study. Facial shape changes of sub-adult participants were described using a configuration of 27 landmarks and further studied by using methods of geometric morphometric and multivariate statistics. In order to localize growth-related shape changes within the face, the studied region was divided into upper, middle and lower facial units and analyzed separately. Results and conclusion: The results show that in the course of ontogenesis there is a strong correlation between facial shape change and body measurements, height included (r=0.10 and r=0.24 in boys and in girls, respectively). The pubertal spurt of the facial shape change rate was revealed at 10.5 years in girls and at 11.5 years in boys. The earlier onset of the pubertal rate increase in facial shape changes in boys was associated with records of poor living conditions. In addition, the mother’s smoking habits were linked to a noticeable facial shape change.

Features of the passage of rehabilitation routes by disabled people due to diseases of the circulatory system

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
S. V. Chagarova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Full Measure ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
The Individual

The conditions of passing rehabilitation routes by invalids with cardiovascular diseases are studied. The lowest inclusion of invalids by various rehabilitation measures is stated among invalids aged up to 29. They are rarely directed to rehabilitation by physicians of corresponding specialities and are often forced to pay for their treatment in full measure. The data obtained are used to develop the methodical recommendations directed to the optimization of the medicosocial examination and rehabilitation, to increase the efficary of the individual rehabilitation programs made for invalids with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during alignment stage of orthodontic treatment: a 3D geometric morphometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
Facial Form

Abstract Background To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment. Methods 43 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment. Results We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.0022). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0045) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0072). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.32 mm, 0.21 mm, and 1.34 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.1143). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05). Conclusion Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

Soft Tissue Facial Changes Among Adult Females Receiving Orthodontic Treatment: A Spatially Dense 3D Geometric Morphometric Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Facial Changes

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial shape were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

scholarly journals A dieta mediterrânica na prevenção de doenças da contemporaneidade: Uma revisão bibliográfica

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jorge Bonito
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Individual

<p>O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar evidências científicas existentes sobre a relação entre a dieta mediterrânica e a hipertensão, a hipercolesterolemia e as doenças cardiovasculares. Realizou-se através de uma revisão da literatura, usando-se a saturação com o critério para a exclusão de novos trabalhos. Os resultados apontam para o importante papel da dieta mediterrânica, ou outra de caraterísticas similares, junto com um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo que permita manter o peso dentro de um nível considerado saudável, na redução do risco de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, aumentando a qualidade e a esperança de vida. Um número superior a um terço das mortes causadas por doenças cardiovasculares são atribuídas aos hábitos alimentares e de atividade física e a outros fatores de risco estreitamente relacionados com os mesmos, como seja a hipertensão arterial, a aterosclerose, a diabetes e a obesidade. A maior parte das diferenças individuais do risco de se vir a desenvolver obesidade, cancro ou doenças cardiovasculares e das variações populacionais na incidência e na prevalência destas doenças deve-se a fatores relacionados com os estilos de vida.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>The Mediterranean diet in the prevention of contemporaneity diseases: A literature review</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>This work seeks to reveal the state of the art scientific evidence that exists on the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. It was held through a literature review, using saturation with the criteria for the exclusion of new articles. The results point to the important role of the Mediterranean diet, or one with similar characteristics, along with a physically active lifestyle for maintaining weight within a level considered healthy, in reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, increasing quality and life expectancy. A number greater than one-third of deaths from cardiovascular diseases are attributed to the eating habits and physical activity and other risk factors closely related thereto, such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. Most of the individual differences of the risk of eventually developing obesity, cancer or cardiovascular diseases and population variations in the incidence and prevalence of these diseases is due to factors related to lifestyles.</p>

scholarly journals Use of geometric morphometrics to differentiate selected lines of Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) in Serbia and Montenegro

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjan Rasic ◽  
Mica Mladenovic ◽  
Ljubisa Stanisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Honeybee Queen ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Colony Level

In a selection of honeybees from autochthonous ecotypes, different lines must be identified. Honeybee lineages are usually distinguished by classical morphometrics and molecular markers, but these approaches are both costly and time-consuming to implement. Recognition of the purity of races is very important for regional and country regulations to allow a sustainable conservation of the huge variety of local honeybees. A geometric morphometric approach has been frequently used. In this work, honeybee samples were collected from stationary apiaries (belonging to the centers for honeybee queen selection) from two different Serbian areas: Vrsac (northeastern Serbia, mostly flatland) and Vranje (southern Serbia, mostly mountainous), and two different Montenegrin areas: Bijelo Polje (northern Montenegro, mountainous region) and Sutomore (southern Montenegro, coastal region). Each sample consisted of 150 honeybee workers, collected from 10 hives (15 specimens each). On the honeybee left forewings, a total of 19 vein intersections were used to determine the differences among the honeybees using MorphoJ 1.4a software. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) slightly separated the honeybee lines into one overlapping cloud of specimens at the individual level. The first canonical variable (60.57% of the total variability) discriminated mainly between Bijelo Polje and Sutomore honeybee lines. Therefore, on the colony level, CVA separated all four groups of breeding honeybee lines. The results show that geometric morphometrics are reliable in the discrimination of honeybee lines within subspecies only at the colony level.

scholarly journals Relations between the residential fast-food environment and the individual risk of cardiovascular diseases in The Netherlands: A nationwide follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Poelman ◽  
Maciej Strak ◽  
Oliver Schmitz ◽  
Gerard Hoek ◽  
Derek Karssenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
The Individual

Background The food environment has been hypothesized to influence cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. This study determines the relation between fast-food outlet density (FFD) and the individual risk for cardiovascular disease, among a nationwide Dutch sample. Methods After linkage of three national registers, a cohort of 2,472,004 adults (≥35 years), free from cardiovascular disease at January 1st 2009 and living at the same address for ≥15 years was constructed. Participants were followed for one year to determine incidence of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Street network-based buffers of 500 m, 1000 m and 3000 m around residential addresses were calculated, while FFD was determined using a retail outlet database. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Models were stratified by degree of urbanization and adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, comorbidity, neighbourhood-level income and population density. Results In urban areas, fully adjusted models indicated that the incidence of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease was significantly higher within 500 m buffers with one or more fast-food outlets as compared with areas with no fast-food outlets. An elevated FFD within 1000 m was associated with an significantly increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. Evidence was less pronounced for 3000 m buffers, or for stroke and heart-failure incidence. Conclusions Elevated FFD in the urban residential environment (≤1000 m) was related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular heart disease and coronary heart disease. To better understand how FFD is associated with cardiovascular disease, future studies should account for a wider range of lifestyle and environmental confounders than was achieved in this study.

scholarly journals Soft tissue facial changes among adult females during the first six months of orthodontic treatment: a spatially dense 3D geometric morphometric study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yu Hou ◽  
Wenwen Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Dai ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Facial Changes ◽  
Facial Form

Abstract Background: To investigate changes in facial morphology during the first six months of orthodontic treatment among adult females receiving orthodontic treatment.Methods: 18 adult females receiving orthodontic treatment were randomly recruited. 3D facial images were taken at baseline (T0), three months (T1), and six months (T2) after treatment initiation. Spatially dense facial landmarks were digitized to allow for sufficient details in characterization of facial features. 3D geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to investigate changes in mean and variance of facial shape and facial form associated with treatment.Results: We observed statistically significant changes in facial shape across the three treatment stages (p = 0.003). Pairwise comparisons suggested significant changes from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0059) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.0098). Heatmap visualization indicated that the buccal and temporal region were invaginated while the labial region became protruded with treatment. The magnitude of shape change was 0.009, 0.004, and 0.010 from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T0 to T2, respectively, in unit of Procrustes distance. The average magnitude of change per-landmark was 1.31 mm, 0.22 mm, and 1.33 mm, respectively. Changes in mean facial form were not statistically significant (p = 0.103). No changes in variance of facial shape were observed across treatment stages (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Rate of facial changes was twice as fast during the first three months as that during fourth to sixth month. Buccal and temporal region became invaginated while labial region became protruded with treatment.

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