Economic change and the supply of interest representation in the American States

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lowery ◽  
Virginia Gray ◽  
John Cluverius
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Energy Stability ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
American States ◽  
Stability Area

We examine how economic change influences the supply of organized interests. Indeed, the economies of states have changed markedly since the turn of the century. State economies have grown, and the relative contributions of different economic sectors have changed. We use the Energy-Stability-Area model of interest system density to assess how these changes – along with changes in the productivity of different economic sectors in terms of generating organized interests – have influenced the size and composition of state interest communities from 1997 to 2007. We find that all three sources of economic change have uniquely contributed, and to a significant degree, to demographic change in state communities of organized interests.

The Density of the EU Interest System: A Test of the ESA Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Messer ◽  
Joost Berkhout ◽  
David Lowery
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
System A ◽  
American States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Sectors ◽  
The Eu

To evaluate calls for a more theoretically generalizable, large-Nstudy of EU interest representation, we adapt the ESA model of interest system density, originally developed to study the interest communities of the American states, to the EU case. We necessarily modify both model and measures in order to account for the unique features of the EU policy process. We test the model with OLS regression using data on the density of different types or guilds (economic and social sectors) of organized interests in the European Union. We use the findings to discuss the viability of inter-system transfers of theories about the politics of interest representation.

Legislative Diversity and the Rise of Women Lobbyists

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110093
Author(s):  
James M. Strickland ◽  
Katelyn E. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolving Door ◽  
Women And Politics ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
American States

Despite a growing body of literature examining the consequences of women’s inclusion among lobbyists, our understanding of the factors that lead to women’s initial emergence in the profession is limited. In this study, we propose that gender diversity among legislative targets incentivizes organized interests to hire women lobbyists, and thus helps to explain when and how women emerge as lobbyists. Using a comprehensive data set of registered lobbyist–client pairings from all American states in 1989 and 2011, we find that legislative diversity influences not only the number of lobby contracts held by women but also the number of former women legislators who become revolving-door lobbyists. This second finding further supports the argument that interests capitalize on the personal characteristics of lobbyists, specifically by hiring women to work in more diverse legislatures. Our findings have implications for women and politics, lobbying, and voice and political equality in the United States.

Making Sense of Modernity: Changing Attitudes toward the Immigrant and the Gaucho in Turn-of-the-Century Argentina

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeane Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Changing Attitudes

The experience of modernity is one that cuts across national boundaries. Regardless of where it occurs, modernization—defined here as the nexus of changes that includes technological innovation, economic rationalization, demographic change, the bureaucratization of the state, and the triumph of science—has certain inevitable consequences. To live in a modern society means to live in a constantly changing world, in which the forces of modernity have dissolved old forms of community, altered traditional notions of work, undermined social hierarchies, produced new social spaces, and transformed the sights, sounds, and even smells of everyday life. Modernization also engenders its own response. Societies in the throes of rapid modernization inevitably have their critics: individuals who for a variety of reasons object to the myriad of changes that accompany this process. Recoiling from the present, these antimodernists take refuge in an often idealized past, longing for what they believe to be a simpler, purer way of life.

Iron Mining and Socio-Demographic Change in Eastern Cuba, 1884–1940

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-405
Author(s):  
Lisandro Perez
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
National Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Cuba ◽  
Iron Mining

During the first four decades of this century a profound change took place in eastern Cuba, especially in the province of Oriente. Its most obvious indicators are demographic: at the turn of the century, Oriente was only the third- largest of the six provinces in population, yet by 1919 it already occupied the number one position. Between 1899 and 1943 the province grew 313.9 per cent, much faster than either the national population (203.8) or the population of the province in which the capital city is located (Havana, 190.9).

scholarly journals What’s in a Beer? Cultures that Interact in Brewery Privatization

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85
Author(s):  
Ildiko Erdei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Change ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
European Market ◽  
Economic Issue ◽  
Personal Worth ◽  
Privatization Process ◽  
Local Company

This paper is based on a study of a local beer factory, located in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, which recently went through the privatization process. At the end of 2003, the Pančevo Brewery was taken over by Efes Group, thus becoming the most western operation in the process of Efes spreading across the European market. Although it is customary to conceptualize privatization as a purely economic issue, research of the privatization of such a local company by a large international producer provided us with an opportunity to observe, analyze and interpret various ways in which economy and culture inter-reacted, and became mutually dependent. The field of economic change was observed as a space of cultural transformation, where business, organizational and working cultures of “socialism” and “capitalism” met and influenced each other, both on institutional and personal levels. Different notions of “culture” that illustrate the increasing “culturalization” of economy at the turn of the century were singled out. Particular attention was paid to socialism as a legacy, operating through narrative and residual practices. At the same time, this legacy was an obstacle for desired change as well as a source for sustaining a sense of personal worth among employees faced with the approaching hegemonic narrative of “capitalism triumphant”.

Public Opinion, Public Policy, and Organized Interests in the American States

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Gray ◽  
David Lowery ◽  
Matthew Fellowes ◽  
Andrea Mcatee
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
American States

Interest groups and policy analysis in Belgium: examining the policy-analytical capacities and practices of prominent citizen and economic groups

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Fraussen ◽  
Nele Bossens ◽  
Alex Wilson ◽  
Michael Keating
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyses the way in which interest groups acquire critical information and how they use this knowledge in their interaction with policymakers. The authors briefly introduce the Belgian system of interest representation, and clarify the (varying) role organized interests play in policymaking. Next, the “policy capacities” of a diverse set of prominent Belgian interest groups are analyzed. Here, the authors address how these groups organize to produce policy advice, and which actors supply them with critical information. The authors furthermore clarify their political activities, as well as discuss how these groups evaluate their policy work.

California Dreaming: Replicating the ESA Model, Unusual Cases, and Comparative State Political Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wolak ◽  
David Lowery ◽  
Virginia Gray
Keyword(s):  
Energy Stability ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Data ◽  
Large State ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
State Research ◽  
State Size ◽  
Stability Area

Cross-sectional analyses of American state data testing models in which state size is a meaningful predictor face a nonobvious problem of limited observations. Quite simply, the limited number of large states, and especially the presence of the uniquely large state of California, provides few observations to anchor regression estimates. We explore this problem with close attention to Gray and Lowery's (1996a) energy, stability, area (ESA) model of interest system density, both replicating their results with new data and highlighting the utility and limitations of analyzing unusual cases in comparative state research. After replicating the ESA model, several diagnostics for analyzing outliers, leverage, and influence are examined. We show how supplemental data analyses can be used to assess the source, severity, and, sometimes, the solution of the problem.

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