scholarly journals Whom do European corporations lobby? The domestic institutional determinants of interest group activity in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Ehrlich ◽  
Eryn Jones
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
The Eu

The complicated and multi-layered policymaking process in the European Union presents private interests, such as business firms, with an interesting strategic choice of whom and how to lobby. As the costs of lobbying at the domestic level increase, firms are expected to, instead, devote their resources to lobbying at the European level. Specifically, this article examines how domestic access points and domestic partisanship affect the costs and benefits of lobbying at the domestic versus European level. Using data on firm-level decisions to lobby the EU, this research finds that in countries where is it more costly (or less beneficial) to lobby domestically, firms are more likely to lobby at the EU level.

Institutional trust and multilevel government in the European Union: Congruence or compensation?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Mariano Torcal ◽  
Eduard Bonet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Does trust in national institutions foster or hinder trust in the institutions of the European Union (EU)? There is no agreement in the literature on popular support for the EU about the direction of the relationship between trust in national and European institutions. Some scholars argue that both will be positively related, others have proposed the opposite hypothesis: low levels of trust in national institutions will lead citizens to higher levels of support for the EU. We argue that both hypotheses are true but operate at different levels: whereas more trusting citizens tend to be so in both the national and the European arenas, we also find that at the country level the relationship is negative: living in a country with highly trusted and well-performing institutions hinders trust in the European Parliament. We test our hypotheses using data from the European Social Survey and Hierarchical Linear Modeling.

Independence: In or Out of Europe? An Independent Scotland and the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Happold
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
National Governments ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

There is a question mark over the future of the nation-state in Europe. National monetary policy has been transferred to the European level in most European Union member States. Over the next ten years the EU will have a stronger role in defence and foreign policy, immigration and law enforcement. The very policies that supposedly define the concept of national sovereignty are no longer the exclusive domain of national governments.

scholarly journals A historical and judicial approach on the transformation of the European Communities, the predecessors of the European Union, into an institutional model across the region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Mihail Poalelungi ◽  
◽  
Mihai Poalelungi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Institutional Model ◽  
The Eu

The process of European integration has never followed a clear path and the current EU predecessors had never been by far the only efforts of the regional integration in Europe. Created in the 1950s, the European Communities as today’s EU predecessors, have overdue emerged in a very broad area populated by international organizations and various cooperation institutions. This organization, only by matching economic and political challenges, succeeded in becoming the most important cooperation forum between European states. Although in the early 1950s the Western European states could often choose between various forms of regional cooperation, today the EU is frequently seen as the only available at the European level option and the only model of institutional governance.

Anti-Bribery Measures in the European Union: A Comparison with the Italian Legal Order

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ferola
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The necessity to counteract corruption effectively has lead to an increased integration in judicial cooperation. This paper analyses the legal instruments adopted by the EU for fighting bribery in order to explore in detail existing interrelationships (i.e. differences and peculiarities) between European and Italian rules. The latter is of singular relevance particularly since 1992, when a widespread system of corruption had been discovered and a broad campaign to prevent corruption (“mani pulite“) had been undertaken which resulted in an important work of reform and brought existing rules up to date. Finally, Italy also played an active role at the European level: the 1997 Anti-Corruption Convention was adopted on the basis of an Italian proposal.

The “Refugee Crisis,” Immigration Attitudes, and Euroscepticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stockemer ◽  
Arne Niemann ◽  
Doris Unger ◽  
Johanna Speyer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

Between 2015 and 2017, the European Union (EU) was confronted with a major crisis in its history, the so-called “European refugee crisis.” Since the multifaceted crisis has provoked many different responses, it is also likely to have influenced individuals’ assessments of immigrants and European integration. Using data from three waves of the European Social Survey (ESS) — the wave before the crisis in 2012, the wave at the beginning of the crisis in 2014, and the wave right after the (perceived) height of the crisis in 2016 — we test the degree to which the European refugee crisis increased Europeans’ anti-immigrant sentiment and Euroscepticism, as well as the influence of Europeans’ anti-immigrant attitudes on their level of Euroscepticism. As suggested by prior research, our results indicate that there is indeed a consistent and solid relationship between more critical attitudes toward immigrants and increased Euroscepticism. Surprisingly, however, we find that the crisis increased neither anti-immigrant sentiments nor critical attitudes toward the EU and did not reinforce the link between rejection of immigrants and rejection of the EU. These findings imply that even under a strong external shock, fundamental political attitudes remain constant.

PROSPECTS OF ITALEXIT IN THE CONTEXT OF RISKS OF STRENGTHENING DISINTEGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Eu

The risks of Italy's withdrawal from the European Union (Italexit) are analyzed. Italy has one of the most powerful economies in the European Union and a great political influence on the processes in the EU. Therefore, the possible exit of this country from the Union could have catastrophic economic and political consequences for the future of European integration. The probability of the threat of the so-called Italexit, which has been discussed by the Italian politicians for a long time, is researched. In addition, the ways and possibilities of avoiding the threat of Italexit, as well as strengthening European solidarity despite the development of disintegration processes in Europe in general and in Italy in particular, are discovered. The probability of Italexit is defined as low, but some negative trends that may increase the risks of Italy's exit from the EU in the future are outlined. The growing sentiments of euroscepticism in Italy and their impact on the country's foreign policy and on relations between Italy and the EU's central institutions in Brussels are observed. The most influential parties of Eurosceptics and right-wing populists and their activities in the Italian parliament and government are considered. The prospects for further activities of Eurosceptic parties and their potential impact on the policy of Italy and the EU are forecasted. It is proved that Italian Eurosceptics are potentially the most dangerous in Europe because of their popularity not only at the national but also at the European level, their ability to unite right-wing radical parties from other European countries, their ambitions to occupy key positions in the European Commission and their active ties with Russia. The possible ways to avoid the most catastrophic scenarios of Italy's exit from the EU are analyzed.

Providing for European-Level Diplomacy after Lisbon: The Case of the European External Action Service

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Duke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
External Action ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe Lisbon Treaty may well be on ice, may perhaps even be moribund, but there remain compelling reasons to think through the identified shortcomings of the European Union in external relations. Many of the innovations in the area of external relations that are contained in the treaty are dependent upon ratification by the EU's member states, but some are not; the European External Action Service (EEAS) falls into the latter category. Although the actual implementation of the EEAS will face formidable hurdles, as has been outlined in this contribution, the exercise of thinking through these challenges is essential if the EU and its members are to begin grappling with many of the issues examined in this special issue — ranging from the role of national diplomats in today's world to the successful pursuit of structural diplomacy and the effectiveness of the EU in multilateral organizations.

scholarly journals Trends in Subjective Income Poverty Rates in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Želinský ◽  
Martina Mysíková ◽  
Thesia I. Garner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Subjective Poverty ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWhen developing anti-poverty policies, policymakers need accurate data on the prevalence of poverty. In this paper, we focus on subjective poverty, a concept which has been largely neglected in the literature, though it remains a conceptually appealing way to define poverty. The primary goal of this study is to re-examine the concept of subjective poverty measurement and to estimate trends in subjective income poverty rates in the European Union. Our estimations are based on a Minimum Income Question using data from a representative survey, EU-SILC. We find robust empirical evidence of decreasing trends in subjective poverty in 16 of 28 EU countries. We conjecture that trends in subjective poverty may reflect changes in societies which are not captured by official poverty indicators, and our results thus enrich the existing data on general poverty trends in the EU.

scholarly journals To Europe or Not to Europe? Migration and Public Support for Joining the European Union in the Western Balkans

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artjoms Ivlevs ◽  
Roswitha M. King
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Eu

For decades, countries aspiring to join the European Union (EU) have been linked to it through migration. Yet little is known about how migration affects individual support for joining the EU in prospective member states. We explore the relationship between migration and support for EU accession in the Western Balkans. Using data from the Gallup Balkan Monitor survey, we find that prospective and return migrants, as well as people with relatives abroad, are more likely to vote favorably in a hypothetical EU referendum. At the same time, only people with relatives abroad are more likely to consider EU membership a good thing. Our results suggest that migration affects attitudes toward joining the EU principally through instrumental/utilitarian motives, with channels related to information and cosmopolitanism playing only a minor role. Overall, we show that migration fosters support for joining the EU in migrants’ origin countries and that joining such a supranational institution is likely to foster political and institutional development of migrants’ origin countries.

scholarly journals El impacto de la crisis económica en nuestras dos constituciones

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier García Roca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez Lago
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Domestic Level

<p align="justify">Este trabajo recoge el texto de la conferencia pronunciada por Javier GARCÍA ROCA en el Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales el 30 de enero de 2014. Aquel compromiso sirvió para exponer las principales tesis de nuestra monografía: Estabilidad presupuestaria y consagración del freno constitucional al endeudamiento (Civitas- Thomson Reuters, 2013). Por eso decidimos que este artículo viniera firmado por ambos autores. Ahora tratamos de propiciar la discusión sobre la transformación que la crisis económica está dejando en problemas que ya teníamos desde hace tiempo y que han empeorado y aflorado prácticamente a la vez, después de treinta y cinco años de desarrollo constitucional. La crisis ha introducido en el Derecho de la Unión Europea y en nuestro ordenamiento interno —con la reforma del artículo 135 de la Constitución— un reforzado principio de estabilidad presupuestaria, una verdadera prohibición de rango constitucional. A nivel europeo asistimos a un lugar constitucional material, que es donde se encuentran las decisiones políticas básicas y supremas respecto de la economía. Y a nivel interno se hace urgente emprender una reforma constitucional como mecanismo de defensa de la Constitución, con el fin de evitar el apagón del circuito democrático representativo.</p> <p align="justify"><b>This paper presents the text of the conference pronounced by Javier García Roca at the Center of Political and Constitutional Studies, on January 30, 2014. That commitment served to expose the main thesis of our essay: Budgetary stability and constitutional consecration of debt brake (Civitas-Thomson Reuters, 2013). So we decided we both would sign this article. Now we try to stimulate discussion about the transformation of the economic crisis is leaving problems that we had long and have gotten worse and emerged practically at once, after thirty-five years of constitutional development. The crisis has introduced in the law of the European Union and in our domestic legislation —with the reform of Article 135 of the Constitution—a stronger principle of budget stability, a true constitutional prohibition. At European level, we are witnessing a material constitutional place, that is where there are the basic and supreme political decisions about the economy. And at the domestic level it is urgent to undertake a constitutional reform, as a defense of the Constitution, in order to avoid the blackout of the representative democratic system.</b></p>

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