The Role of Optimism and Pessimism in the Substitution Between Primary and Secondary Health Prevention Efforts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Chauvin ◽  
Bertrand Chopard ◽  
Augustin Tabo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract We study how apparently healthy individuals arbitrate between primary and secondary health prevention under ambiguity. In our model, each individual simultaneously chooses the level of effort for the two types of prevention. Ambiguity relates to either the probability of disease occurrence or the effectiveness of secondary prevention. We find that pessimistic individuals invest more in primary prevention and less in secondary prevention when the effectiveness of secondary prevention is ambiguous. Conversely, pessimistic individuals invest more in secondary prevention and less in primary prevention when the probability of disease occurrence is ambiguous. When the effectiveness of secondary prevention is ambiguous, optimistic individuals invest more in secondary than primary prevention. We find also a substitution effect between the two types of prevention. The latter generates indirect effects of pessimism and optimism on each type of prevention which may reverse our results when they outweigh the direct effects.

Healthy living

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-196
Author(s):  
Chantal Simon ◽  
Hazel Everitt ◽  
Françoise van Dorp ◽  
Matt Burkes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Disease Occurrence

Prevention and screening Prevention of travel-related illness Diet Obesity Exercise Smoking Alcohol Management of alcohol misuse Assessment of drugs misuse Management of drugs misuse Insomnia In all disease, the goal is prevention. • Primary prevention Prevention of disease occurrence • Secondary prevention Controlling disease in early form (e.g. carcinoma in situ)...

scholarly journals The Interactome in the Evolution From Frailty to Sarcopenic Dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Coto-Montes ◽  
Laura González-Blanco ◽  
Eduardo Antuña ◽  
Iván Menéndez-Valle ◽  
Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Dependent Elderly ◽  
Independent Elderly ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Biomarkers are essential tools for accurate diagnosis and effective prevention, but their validation is a pending challenge that limits their usefulness, even more so with constructs as complex as frailty. Sarcopenia shares multiple mechanisms with frailty which makes it a strong candidate to provide robust frailty biomarkers. Based on this premise, we studied the temporal evolution of cellular interactome in frailty, from independent patients to dependent ones. Overweight is a recognized cause of frailty in aging, so we studied the altered mechanisms in overweight independent elderly and evaluated their aggravation in dependent elderly. This evidence of the evolution of previously altered mechanisms would significantly support their role as real biomarkers of frailty. The results showed a preponderant role of autophagy in interactome control at both different functional points, modulating other essential mechanisms in the cell, such as mitochondrial capacity or oxidative stress. Thus, the overweight provoked in the muscle of the elderly an overload of autophagy that kept cell survival in apparently healthy individuals. This excessive and permanent autophagic effort did not seem to be able to be maintained over time. Indeed, in dependent elderly, the muscle showed a total autophagic inactivity, with devastating effects on the survival of the cell, which showed clear signs of apoptosis, and reduced functional capacity. The frail elderly are in a situation of weakness that is a precursor of dependence that can still be prevented if detection is early. Hence biomarkers are essential in this context.

scholarly journals Ergonomics, Exercises and Education to Prevent Neck and Back Pain among Dentists

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar A Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Back Problems

Work-related back pain has the highest proportion approximately 60% followed by the neck pain. The objective of this review is to make the dentists aware of the effectiveness of ergonomics, education and exercise to prevent premature disability resulting from neck and back pain. Dentists have a high global prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSD) disorders and low back pain (LBP) is leading amongst those followed by neck pain. There are ample pieces of evidence about the role of ergonomics, education and exercises in primary and secondary prevention of musculoskeletal pain. These interventions can be introduced to dentists as primary prevention to avoid from neck and back problems.

Need for Large Sample Sizes in Randomized Trials

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-571
Author(s):  
CHARLES HENNEKENS ◽  
JULIE E. BURING
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Prevention Measure ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Prevention is an area of relevance and concern to all health professionals, in particular, pediatricians. This concept encompasses primary prevention of disease (such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) among healthy individuals as well as secondary prevention or the reduction in risks of complications, recurrences, or mortality among those already affected. It is unlikely that a new measure will have as dramatic an effect as did the poliomyelitis vaccine, a prevention measure, which reduced the incidence of paralytic disease in the vaccinated group more than 50% compared with children given placebo. Analogously, virtually none of the new therapeutic measures of promise is likely to have as clear-cut an effect as did penicillin, which decreased mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia approximately sixfold (from about 95% to 15%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the role of rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene in the development of allergic asthma

2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
A. B. Аveryanov ◽  
I. I. Cherkashina ◽  
S. Yu. Nikulina ◽  
E. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. N. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Egfr Gene ◽  
Degree Of Severity ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The objective of the study: to study rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene in patients with allergic asthma and healthy individuals.Subjects and Methods. 179 patients suffering from allergic asthma were included in the study. The diagnosis and degree of severity were established in accordance with the GINA recommendations. The Control Group included apparently healthy individuals (n = 217). Patients with allergic asthma underwent standard laboratory and instrumental examinations and DNA typing.Results. A statistically significant predominance of AG genotype frequency in the group of patients with allergic asthma, including women, versus the group of healthy individuals, was established. AG rs2227983 genotype of EGFR gene was found to be significantly more common in patients with mild and moderate allergic asthma including women, than in healthy individuals, including women.Conclusion. The association of rs2227983 polymorphism of EGFR gene with allergic asthma has been established. A homozygous GG genotype may play a protective role against the disease.

Indian Lifestyle With Ayurveda Perspective During Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399
Author(s):  
Disha Bhatero ◽  
Punam Sawarkar ◽  
Gaurav Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by novel Coronavirus. The overall prevalence rate of Covid-19 in Worldwide ( 9.94M )& it is (529 K) & (153 K) in India and Maharashtra. This situation can be considered under JanapadodhwansaVyadhi in Ayurveda. The primary purpose of Ayurveda  is the prevention of the disease in healthy individuals and eradication of disease, which are curable. Immunity comes under the Vyadhikshamatva. Further, Covid-19 infection is correlated with Vataj-Kaphaj Jwara. In Ayurveda Rasayana therapy to boost up immunity (Bala  & Vyadhikshamatva). The present study aimed to explore the concept of infectious disease and its prevention through different lifestyles described in Ayurveda. The above need-based information is collected from various Ayurvedicliterature (Laghutrayee, Bruhatryayi) along with numerous research articles from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar. All collected data were depicted in narrative form and tabular manner under different heads. Considering the above aspect in the prevention of Covid-19, the role of Ayurveda intervention may be proved more beneficial in Covid-19. Further, adoption of code of conduct may efficiently overcome the current pandemic situation by maintaining good immunity & implementation of Ahar, Vihar Vidhis, Dincharya, and Rutucharya& Sadvritta  for improving disease resistance.

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