Commercialization of Irish moss aquaculture: the Canadian experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Craigie ◽  
M. Lynn Cornish ◽  
Louis E. Deveau
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Irish Moss ◽  
Aquaculture Management

Abstract Irish moss traditionally has been valued for its hydrocolloid composition. Recognition that natural harvests would not meet the expected demands for its biomass led to experimental pilot-scale cultivation based on principles used in agriculture. Innovative technologies and systems for aquaculture management were devised when those from agriculture or mariculture were not directly transferrable. Periods of rapid progress and of consolidation due to disruptive external events were encountered, a cycle not uncommon during the introduction of a new technology. Certain key decisions in the background matrix that ultimately led to Irish moss cultivation are reviewed together with an overview of the main critical events that affected progress. The Chondrus crispus aquaculture as practiced today is essentially a modified form of precision agriculture operating year-round with c. 3.4 ha of on-land culture tanks and up to 75 employees during the peak season. Beginning with new Irish moss seedstock from the library/nursery, the crop is generated through a closely controlled, vertically integrated system of cultivation that after approximately 18 months increases the biomass more than 50,000-fold. After harvesting it is processed into the final food-grade products to meet the stringent demands of the export market.

Technological Solution for the Treatment of Wastewater Resulting from Autochthonous Aquacultures in Order to Protect the Marine Water Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2755
Author(s):  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
Tania Zaharia ◽  
Elena Diacu ◽  
Cristina Maria ◽  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Metallurgical Slags ◽  
Treatment Step

This paper depicts the research conducted at a micro-pilot scale on autochthonous cultures in order to develop adequate technological solutions for the treatment of wastewater resulting from shrimp cultures (Palaemonidae) that would ensure the protection of the Black Sea ecosystem and constitute an applicable tool for the development of aquaculture in Romania. The proposed objectives were attained by adopting an integrated system of marine cultures shrimps-mussels-macrophyte algae, followed by a conventional chemical treatment step using aluminium sulphate recovered from metallurgical slags. This system together with wastewater treatment ensures an optimum development of species and a minimum load of pollutants in the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals The unique giant Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) from Basin Head: health assessment in relation to reference sites on Prince Edward Island

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Tummon Flynn ◽  
David Garbary ◽  
Irene Novaczek ◽  
Anthony Miller ◽  
Pedro A. Quijón
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Irish Moss ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Resorcinol Method

Irish moss (Chondrus crispus Stackhouse) is a red alga that is common in Atlantic Canada. A unique strain of this species, the giant Irish moss, grows in a single location and is under strict protection. Unlike the common coastal form, the giant Irish moss reproduces solely by fragmentation and is found in gametophyte form. A 99.9% decline in giant Irish moss abundance (1999–2012) prompted this study to address two questions: whether the giant Irish moss remains 100% vegetative and gametophytic, and whether such decline is related to factors leading to a reduction in photosynthetic health. Six populations of the common Irish moss strain were compared with two populations of giant Irish moss, and their life history phases determined using a resorcinol method. The common Irish moss populations exhibited a 65%–86% ratio of gametophytic:tetrasporophytic fronds, while both giant strain populations were 100% gametophytic. Photosynthetic efficiency was measured with Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorometry and neither giant moss population had significantly different quantum yield values from the littoral populations. Hence, these analyses provided no evidence of giant Irish moss being exposed to particular sources of stress linked to water or habitat quality and alternative factors explaining the decline of this unique strain are proposed.

Role of Telecommunications in Precision Agriculture

2011 ◽  
pp. 252-266
Author(s):  
James M. McKinion
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Commercial Sources

Precision agriculture has been made possible by the confluence of several technologies: geographic positioning systems, geographic information systems, image analysis software, low-cost microcomputerbased variable rate controller/recorders, and precision tractor guidance systems. While these technologies have made precision agriculture possible, there are still major obstacles which must be overcome to make this new technology accepted and usable. Most growers will not do image processing and development of prescription maps themselves but will rely upon commercial sources. There still remains the challenge of storage and retrieval of multi-megabytes of data files for each field, and this problem will only continue to grow year by year. This chapter will discuss the various wireless technologies which are currently being used on three proof-of-concept farms or areas in Mississippi, the various data/ information intensive precision agriculture applications which use wireless local area networking and Internet access, and the next generation technologies which can immensely propel precision agriculture to widespread use in all of agriculture.

Potential utilization of a lambda carrageenan polysaccharide, derived from a cultivated, clonal strain of the red seaweed Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) against toxic actions of venom of Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu snakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 4309-4320
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Kelly Ketely Granja Pereira ◽  
Alan Trevor Critchley ◽  
Eladio Flores Sanchez ◽  
André Lopes Fuly
Keyword(s):  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Clonal Strain ◽  
Bothrops Jararaca ◽  
Irish Moss

EFFECT OF PROCESSING AND STORAGE ON THE QUALITY OF GELOSE FROM IRISH MOSS (CHONDRUS CRISPUS)

1948 ◽  
Vol 26f (3) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
D. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Irish Moss ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) from Canada's east coast was used to study possible improvements in the production and storage of gelose. The optimum pH for the extraction of gelose from Irish moss was between 6 and 7. Fine leaf particles, which prevent rapid filtration, were readily removed by supercentrifuging. Comparison of drum drying and drying from the frozen state showed that the former caused a marked lowering of viscosity but had little effect on suspending power or jelly strength. The logarithm of the viscosity determined by means of a MacMichael viscosimeter was related directly to the concentration; therefore, viscosity measurements can be corrected for the moisture content of the samples. The effect of storage temperature on deterioration was greater than the effect of relative humidity. Samples stored at 0° and 40° F. for 12 weeks showed no significant changes in viscosity or suspending power, whereas those stored at 80° and 120° F. deteriorated very rapidly. Material was vacuum ice-dried to 2% moisture without damage but the quality decreased when the extracts were stored at high temperatures.

MBR-RO for high-grade water (NEWater) production from domestic used water

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Tao ◽  
K. Kekre ◽  
J.J. Qin ◽  
C.L. Ting ◽  
M.H. Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Reclaim Water

Singapore has been developing new technologies to reclaim water to drinking water standards from domestic used water. The water produced with drinking water standards by dual membrane process is called NEWater in Singapore. After the successful pilot study of membrane bioreactor for water reclamation, MBR-RO integrated system was also studied at pilot scale to investigate the new option of producing NEWater at a more reliable and economical way. A MBR-RO pilot plant with capacity of 20m3/d was used for this study. Settled domestic used water was used for the feed. The pilot study demonstrated that the MBR offered better synergy between membrane and activated sludge process. The new MBR-RO process could produce equivalent or better high grade water (NEWater) and have better resistance to shock loading than the conventional AS-MF/UF-RO from the domestic used water. RO membranes in the MBR-RO process could be operated 30% higher flux than in AS-MF/UF-RO process for NEWater production.

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