scholarly journals Surrealist Sources of Eastern European Animation Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Ülo Pikkov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article investigates the relationship between surrealism and animation film, attempting to establish the characteristic features of surrealist animation film and to determine an approach for identifying them. Drawing on the interviews conducted during the research, I will also strive to chart the terrain of contemporary surrealist animation film and its authors, most of who work in Eastern Europe. My principal aim is to establish why surrealism enjoyed such relevance and vitality in post-World War II Eastern Europe. I will conclude that the popularity of surrealist animation film in Eastern Europe can be seen as a continuation of a tradition (Prague was an important centre of surrealism during the interwar period), as well as an act of protest against the socialist realist paradigm of the Soviet period.

scholarly journals The (Immediate) Post-World War II Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Antonello Tancredi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter addresses the development, after World War II, of two different currents of thought inherited by the Italian international law doctrine from the interwar period: dogmatism and structuralism. The analysis of some fundamental writings concerning topics such as the foundation and the social structure of the international legal order tries to offer a reading lens on some of the most important scientific trends (especially ‘realism’ and ‘neo-normativism’) of the post-World War II period and on the scholars that animated such approaches. Thanks to the identification of some structuring ideas, it will then be possible to briefly examine other issues concerning, for instance, the relationship between international and domestic law after the 1948 Republican Constitution, sovereignty, etc. The evolution of the methodology of international law will have a relevant part in the analysis of theoretical approaches developed by Italian scholars in this period.

scholarly journals On the Links between Caricatures and Animated Films in Communist Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Ülo Pikkov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Animated Films ◽  
Animated Film

AbstractThis article analyses and maps the links between caricature and animated film, as well as their development during the post-World War II era, in communist Eastern Europe. The article also deals with the specific nature of animation production under the conditions of political censorship and the utilisation of Aesopian language as an Eastern European phenomenon for outmanoeuvring censorship.

scholarly journals The high unemployment rate in Britain during the interwar period

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Yifei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
World War ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
High Unemployment Rate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unemployment Problem

World War I (WWI) causes irreversible consequences on the British economy, and Britain has experienced the most severe economic crisis in the 1920s. This paper aims to explain the causes of unemployment in Britain in the years between the wars and why that problem persisted for much of that period. This paper will describe the causes of unemployment by analyzing how World War I affected the British exports market. Then this essay will move on by exploring how the economic policy of Britain after World War II(WWII) damages the exports market and creates high unemployment. In addition, this paper will also discuss the relationship between the change in the labour market in World War I and the unemployment problem. Finally, this paper will illustrate why the unemployment problem persists by exploring regional and industrial unemployment issues.

Money and the Ghetto, Money in the Ghetto

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-499
Author(s):  
Destin Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This essay revisits Making the Second Ghetto to consider what Arnold Hirsch argued about the relationship between race, money, and the ghetto. It explores how Hirsch’s analysis of this relationship was at once consistent with those penned by other urban historians and distinct from those interested in the political economy of the ghetto. Although moneymaking was hardly the main focus, Hirsch’s engagement with “Vampire” rental agencies and panic peddlers laid the groundwork for an analysis that treats the post–World War II metropolis as a crucial node in the history of racial capitalism. Finally, this essay offers a way to connect local forms of violence to the kinds of constraints imposed by financiers far removed from the city itself.

scholarly journals Regime Change and the Attempted Rehabilitation of Self: Ferenc Fodor and the Production of Communist Geography, 1948-1962

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Steven Jobbitt
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Scholarly Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Socialist

The communist takeover in Hungary after World War II presented obvious challenges, hardships, and even dangers for the conservative-nationalist scholars who were part of the intellectual elite of the interwar period. Marginalized within the new socio-political order that emerged after the communist consolidation of power in 1948-49, conservative-nationalist intellectuals who were not completely silenced by the communists either retreated from public life entirely, or else found themselves having to struggle to remain relevant within the state-socialist system then under construction. Though limited in what they could publish, and relegated to minor and often precarious positions within the scholarly community, former conservative-nationalist scholars were nevertheless granted limited spaces within which they could produce relevant and even important scholarship, and in so doing could also “reinvent” themselves—if in many cases only partially and perhaps opportunistically—as public intellectuals. Focusing on the life and work of Ferenc Fodor between 1948 and his death in 1962, this article explores the concrete ways that a once-prominent geographer of the interwar period continued to contribute to geographical knowledge production under communism, and how he used this scholarly work as leverage in his attempts to partially rehabilitate himself in the early communist period. Contributing to a growing body of critical work on Hungarian geography under communism (see articles by Márton Czirfusz and Róbert Győri in this issue, for example), this study helps to lay the groundwork for future research on the relationship between the politics of scholarly production and the spatial re-imagining of postwar Hungary.

scholarly journals “Un combattente tenace”: il cardinale Wyszyński raccontato dal «Corriere della Sera» (1950-1981)

2021 ◽  
pp. 615-635
Author(s):  
Onofrio Bellifemine
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Stefan Wyszyński (1901-1981), cardinal, archbishop of Warsaw and Gniezno from 1948 to 1981, Primate of Poland, was one of the most important post-World War II personalities in Poland. He was the key person in establishing the relationship between the Church and the Communist regime for over thirty years. From 1950 to 1981, the "Corriere della Sera", one of the oldest and most prestigious Italian newspapers, wrote a lot about Wyszyński. This essay analyzes its work in a critical way, keeping in mind the historical period and the opinions of the Italian national press.

World of Delusions and Disillusions: The National Minorities of Poland During World War II∗

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Edward D. Wynot
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Human Material ◽  
The Face ◽  
Soviet Communism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Perhaps no country in Eastern Europe suffered the human, material, and psychological devastation that Poland experienced during nearly six long years of war and occupation. Caught initially between Soviet Communism and German Nazism, and eventually falling completely under the yoke of the latter, the country became the target of ruthless attempts to impose these totalitarian systems on the hapless vanquished population. Without dismissing the sufferings of the ethnic Poles, this paper will focus on the fortunes of the key ethnoreligious minority groups in prewar Poland — the Germans, Belorussians, Ukrainians, and Jews. It will attempt to portray not only the relationship between the occupying powers and the individual minorities, but also the relationships among those population segments in the face of a concerted challenge to their very existence.

scholarly journals Lexical variation in the language of the Ukrainian press of the 1920s-1940s

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35
Author(s):  
M. O. Shvedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Soviet Journalism

The paper presents a comparative corpus-based research of the vocabulary in the Ukrainian newspapers of the interwar period and the first Post–World War II years. The research aims to show the ways in which a new lexical norm for journalism was formed in 1940s. The paper envisages this new norm with regard to the influence of the Western and the Eastern Ukrainian language standards and of the Russian influence as well. Three corpora of newspaper texts have been built that represent different variants of Standard Ukrainian: 1) the Soviet newspaper texts of 1919–1933 up to the end of the Ukrainization; 2) the Western Ukrainian pre-Soviet and ‟inter-Soviet” newspaper texts of 1937–1943; 3) the Western Ukrainian Soviet newspaper texts of 1939–1946. For each of these, frequency lists were built. Our conclusions are based on comparing these lists. We have built a table showing changes (including frequency changes) within 120 semantic fields of synonyms. Our research showed that the new lexical norm that was formed in the Soviet journalism of 1940s had an Eastern Ukrainian basis. The regional Western vocabulary attested in the pre-Soviet and ‟inter-Soviet” Western Ukrainian newspapers had almost no trace in the new lexical norm. Neither did the Western lexical units that remind the Russian ones (upadok ʽdecline’, oba ʽboth’ etc.), a fact showing that the growth of the Russian influence was implemented only with the support of the Eastern variant. Several changes are attested within the synonymous fields (more often they shrink) and changes in the frequency of different synonyms, more often favouring the cognates of Russian words, although some cases go against this tendency. The Ukrainian language as attested in the Soviet newspaper texts of the 1940s keeps the bulk of its lexical basis; the Russification trend is superficial and in many cases rather brief. As it is shown by comparing the vocabulary of these texts with the modern norm, many Russian borrowings of the 1930s and 1940s did not find their way into the standard language.

International Memory Wars

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This chapter argues that the perception of Russia as an antifascist power has been reinforced by memory wars that have reshaped the relationship between Russia and its Central and Eastern European neighbors. It examines how the emergence and gradual visibility gained by the narrative of the Soviet Union as an occupier with a totalitarian ideology shocked the Russian elite and public opinion. Given the context of memory wars, the chapter focuses on the issue of defining who was fascist and who colluded with Nazism — the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941 or the collaborationist forces in Central and Eastern Europe. This chapter then presents Russia's response to the new memories articulated by Central and Eastern European countries on two fronts: legal and historiographical. Ultimately, the chapter highlights how the Ukrainian crisis demonstrated that memories have been instrumental in “real” wars, as all parties claim that their martyrdom and heroism during the Second World War entitle them to some recognition today.

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