A man's role as a head, a burden or a blessing? An exploration of the African and Christian perspectives on the conventional role of a male person

In 2020, during a strict lockdown in South Africa, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the country experienced an increase in gender-based violence (hereafter, GBV) cases perpetrated by men. Similar incidents occurred in August 2021, declared a women’s month in South Africa, as a tribute to the over 20,000 women who marched to the Union Buildings on 9 August 1956 to protest against the extension of pass laws. Many scholars have tried to make sense of this, giving rise to diverse views about the causes of this phenomenon. Other scholars argue that men behave in this manner because of the high unemployment rate, as many businesses are struggling, due to a loss of revenue, as a result of COVID-19, and the government’s lockdown measures. Other perspectives from different quarters indicate that GBV is due to stress and many other mental conditions, as a South African dwindling economy has impacted on families and caused losses of jobs and businesses closing. This is not the first time that the country has experienced these high cases of GBV. Over the years, men have and continue to commit heinous crimes and abuse each other, as well as women and children. This raises a question: Is this violence not a reaction by men to their role as heads of families and their socialisation by the African culture and Christian religion that teaches men to be heads of their households? Secondary data methods were applied in this research. The research found that men are under enormous pressure to meet society’s expectations of them. That pressure has turned them into monsters who are not coping and instead kill themselves, their loved ones, or resort to violence.

The Relevance of Higher Education Outcomes to the Needs of the Palestinian Labor Market

The Relevance of Higher Education Outcomes to the Needs of the Palestinian Labor Market Bader Hamdana Tahani Jaffalb a Faculty of Business and Management, University of Palestine, Palestine b Sustainable Development Institute, Al-Quds University, Palestine Abstract: The study aimed to find out the relevance of higher education outcomes to the needs of the Palestinian labor market. The study used the descriptive analytical approach through describing and analyzing data on higher education and the Palestinian labor market during the period (2010-2018). The study found a number of results: a high unemployment rate among university graduates in Palestine, weak absorptive capacity of the Palestinian labor market, and the failure of Palestinian universities to adopt productive investment through undertaking productive projects. Based on the results of the study, the study recommended coordinating between the responsible authorities and studying the labor market and identifying its needs in order to accept students in the required majors in appropriate numbers. In addition, the study recommended coordinating with the private sector in order to provide job opportunities for university graduates according to the needs of the labor market. Keywords: Relevance, higher education, labor market, unemployment

Why are conspiracy theories more successful in some countries than in others? An exploratory study on Internet users from 22 Western and non-Western countries

This exploratory study aims at identifying macro-social factors associated with the international variance of belief in conspiracy theories. We computed a Conspiracy Index for 22 Western and non-Western countries based on the results of an online survey on conspiratorial beliefs. Stepwise regression analyses show that more than 70% of the international variance of this Conspiracy Index is explained by the following three national variables: the level of democracy, the unemployment rate, and the perceived level of public sector corruption. Conspiracy theories thus appear to be more commonly endorsed in countries where people cannot take an active part in the political life of their country (low level of democracy), where they may feel socially threatened (high unemployment rate), and where institutions and authorities are perceived as untrustworthy (high perception of public sector corruption).

Morosidad del sistema bancario producido por efectos de la pandemia

El principal problema que tiene actualmente el Ecuador es el incumplimiento de pagos frente a las instituciones financieras, ocasionado por el alto índice de desempleo que se genera producto de la pandemia. Por tal motivo el presente artículo tiene como objetivo de establecer el comportamiento de la morosidad a nivel del sistema bancario en el Ecuador, se analiza los antecedentes que ocasionan las variaciones elevadas en la curva de morosidad, se realiza una comparación entre el cierre del año 2019 con lo que ha sucedido en el período enero – septiembre 2020. Una vez analizado las variables se comprueba que el aumento en la morosidad en el periodo enero – septiembre 2020 es producido por efectos de la pandemia ocasionada por el COVID- 19, pues al existir una elevada tasa de desempleo los deudores no pudieron seguir afrontando sus pagos de forma normal como lo venían haciendo meses antes de la pandemia, dejando como resultado una elevada cartera morosa en las entidades financieras del país. Palabras clave: Morosidad, variación, mercado financiero, dinero, covid 19. ABSTRACT The main problem that Ecuador currently has is the default of payments to financial institutions, caused by the high unemployment rate generated by the pandemic. For this reason, this article aims to establish the behavior of delinquency at the level of the banking system in Ecuador, analyzes the background that cause the high variations in the delinquency curve, a comparison is made between the end of 2019 with what has happened in the period January - September 2020. Once the variables have been analyzed, it is verified that the increase in delinquency in the period January - September 2020 is produced by the effects of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19, since there is a high unemployment rate, debtors could not continue to face their payments in a normal way as they had been doing months before the pandemic, leaving as a result a high delinquent portfolio in the financial entities of the country. Keywords: Delinquency, variation, financial market, money, covid 19.

Pengawasan Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing Di Sumatera Barat

The Republic of Indonesia was founded, the Indonesian people have realized that work is a human need for citizens. This is stated and mandated in Article 27 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution which states that "Every citizen has the right to work and a living that is decent for humanity". This has implications for the state's obligation to facilitate citizens to obtain decent work for humanity. However, recently the use of foreign workers has become one of the main issues in Indonesia. Foreign workers are foreign nationals holding visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory. Constitutionally, the use of foreign workers in Indonesia is regulated in Law no. 13/2003 concerning Manpower and strengthened by Law no. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment. Thus the use of foreign workers cannot be avoided because it is constitutionally very possible. Another factor that influences the presence of foreign workers in Indonesia is the agreement of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which began in 2015. This has provided opportunities for the free use of foreign workers for the ASEAN region. What has always been a problem is the high unemployment rate caused by the lack of employment opportunities for Indonesian citizens.

Implementing the Resource Sharing Innovation Model to Sustainably Address the High Unemployment Rate

There is a paradoxical condition in which Banten Province is an area with an abundance of manufacturing companies, but has a high unemployment rate. So it is important to carry out research to provide innovative and sustainable policy mix recommendations for local governments. This study aims to analyze (1) the relationship between training revolving funds and the competence of vocational school graduates, (2) the relationship between training revolving funds and the skill development center, (3) the relationship between the competence of vocational school graduates and the skill development center, (4) the relationship between the competence of vocational education graduates and resource sharing innovation, (5) the relationship between resource sharing innovation and skill development centers, (6) resource sharing innovation with industrial human competitiveness, and (7) the effect of development center skills on industrial human competitiveness. This study used Research and Development (R&D) methods with participants from selected companies who were willing to accept vocational graduates as apprentices. After the data were collected, they were processed using the IBM AMOS 2.2 application. The findings were confirmed through triangulation with the person in charge of apprenticeships at the seven participating companies. The willingness to do resource sharing innovation (RSI) had an effect on the competitiveness of industrial people. Based on these results, it can be concluded that RSI, offered as a novelty, can increase the competitiveness of industrial people. These results can be used to overcome the high unemployment rate through RSI from companies in the region providing business convenience incentives. Keywords: resource sharing innovation, unemployment, sustainability

An Econometric Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Unemployment for Sub-Saharan Africa: 2006 -2016

High unemployment rate in Sub-Saharan Africa continue to persist with a current rate of 6.14% in 2016, 6.28% in 2017, 6.16% in 2018, 6.17% in 2019 from 6.18% in 2020 (World Bank, 2020). Several factors account for the high unemployment rate including poor infrastructural facilities such as power supply which discourages entrepreneurial activities, poor standard of education resulting in unemployable youths, corrupt political environment which channels funds for productive activities into private pockets, high population growth rate, neglect of the manufacturing and agricultural sector and insecurity of lives and property. The resultant effect include high crime rate, high rate of depression due to long state of hopelessness, loss of skills by the unemployed, low economic growth, high poverty rate and increased rural-urban migration. Several programs are implemented by the government towards curbing high unemployment rate which can be categorized into 3 groups: infrastructural development, promotion of entrepreneurial activities and encouraging foreign investors. Hence this study assesses the impact of entrepreneurship start-ups on reducing unemployment in the sub-Saharan Africa region using a sample of 10 countries for the period 2006-2016. The study applied traditional panel data methodology of pooled OLS, random effect and fixed effect, and finds a positive relationship between the two variables thus suggesting that if entrepreneurship is well harnessed it can sufficiently reduce unemployment in the region.

On the factors affecting start-up intention of Millennials in Vietnam

In recent years, the problem in high unemployment rate after graduating was an alarming and hot issue in Vietnam. In this scene, the significant appearing of entrepreneurial activities is considered as a measure which can be implemented to address the serious problem and the research which is relative to start-up behaviors in Vietnam is necessary to conduct. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of intrinsic capital and to figure out exactly percentages influence of each variable (Hope, Resilience, Optimism, and Self-efficacy) on entrepreneurial intention among Millennial. To analyze hypotheses, 321 questionnaires were collected randomly through online and offline surveys to test the relationship between inside psycho and thinking through using of SPSS Multiple Regression. The outcome of analysis has already covered that three of four sub-components i.e., hope, resilience, and self-efficacy contained the positive correlation on the intention of entrepreneurship. From a different angle, the optimism did not have a meaningful impact on dependent factors. However, due to the fact that optimism contributed essentially to the prediction of resilient behaviors, optimism can impact intention indirectly through resilience.

Effects of Unemployment Caused by Pandemic

As COVID-19 spreads around the world, global financial markets are volatile. Faced with the severe situation of the rapid spread of the epidemic overseas, many countries have taken active prevention and control measures. Internally, limit or prohibit group activities to reduce the risk of crowd gathering; externally, border control, and strict travel restrictions are in place. But the most common accept solution advocated by many countries is to lockdown the cities to prevent further infection. This caused a high unemployment rate and has widened existing divides between professionals, low-paid workers, people of different races, and the young. This study is trying to evaluate the economic damage by the pandemic specific to unemployment. Through the researches, the effects of unemployment caused by the pandemic are extensive and severe. The unemployment reveals the discrimination of American society and the hardship of low-paid workers. It also lowers students’ efficiency.

External and internal macroeconomic shocks in case of small economy with the currency board

External and internal economic shocks can threaten the macroeconomic stability of a small economy. In the currency board regime, there is no role for the Central Bank as a macroeconomic stabilizer in the event of an external or internal shock. In this paper, the research is based on the analysis of eight countries with small economies with currency boards or discretionary monetary policy. The impact and connections between changes in EURIBOR, interest rates, inflation measured by the GDP deflator, money supply and GDP in the period 1997-2015 are analyzed. The paper proves that in countries with a currency board, whose regimes have a harmonized relationship with the European Central Bank and EURIBOR, interest rate shocks are less pronounced. The analysis of the links between EURIBOR, interest rates, money supply, inflation and GDP is not statistically significant in the "experiment" countries. In the control sample of countries with a variable exchange rate, the situation is heterogeneous for individual countries, but statistical significance has been determined in relation to EURIBOR and inflation. We conclude that EURIBOR may be one of the generators of exogenous shocks. In the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), there are much more significant internal transmission mechanisms that lead to macroeconomic imbalances. The growth of deposits was preceded by the growth of loans and money supply. This led to a fall in interest rates which the Central Bank of BiH (CBB&H) could not influence due to the currency board. However, the fall in interest rates did not yield the expected results. GDP has shrunk, inflation is falling, while at the same time the high unemployment rate has remained unchanged. The nominal exchange rate of the domestic currency was determined by law, but there was an appreciation of the real exchange rate, which affected the increase in the foreign trade imbalance. The result of the currency board is price stability, nominal exchange rate stability and money supply growth. Negative results are: appreciation of the real exchange rate, faster growth of imports and maintaining a very high unemployment rate. Macroeconomic developments in the BiH economy do not always have the right course that can be expected in mature economies. The achievements and applicability of standard macroeconomic policies are very limited.