scholarly journals Imaging in hearing using radiotracers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Georg Berding ◽  
Thomas Lenarz
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Clinical Patient

AbstractRadiotracers offer unique options for brain imaging of functional and molecular processes related to hearing. Such imaging can be applied in a broad spectrum of situations from preclinical research to clinical patient care. Functional imaging to assess activation in brain regions and networks involved in auditory processing uses markers of blood flow or energy-metabolism in well-defined conditions with and without auditory stimulation. Molecular markers can be used in hearing research for example to study changes in inhibitory neurotransmission systems related to hearing loss. For imaging either positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are employed. Data analysis can encompasses voxel-wise statistical analysis of activation and calculation of quantitative parameters like receptor binding-potentials based on bio-kinetic modeling. Functional imaging has been frequently used in the context of auditory implantation. Before implantation it aims to assess intactness of the central auditory pathway and prognosis. After implantation it is used to improve understanding of the outcome with respect to auditory function and finally speech understanding, e.g. by measuring correlates of central auditory processing and neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Imaging of Internet Addiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqi Zhu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Mei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Negative Consequences

Maladaptive use of the Internet results in Internet addiction (IA), which is associated with various negative consequences. Molecular and functional imaging techniques have been increasingly used for analysis of neurobiological changes and neurochemical correlates of IA. This review summarizes molecular and functional imaging findings on neurobiological mechanisms of IA, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MRI studies demonstrate that structural changes in frontal cortex are associated with functional abnormalities in Internet addicted subjects. Nuclear imaging findings indicate that IA is associated with dysfunction of the brain dopaminergic systems. Abnormal dopamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) could underlie the enhanced motivational value and uncontrolled behavior over Internet overuse in addicted subjects. Further investigations are needed to determine specific changes in the Internet addictive brain, as well as their implications for behavior and cognition.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine imaging technique in the erectile dysfunction evaluation: a mini-review

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽  
Regina Moura ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
Jean Pierre Spinosa ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Functional imaging with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography is capable of visualizing subtle changes in physiological function in vivo. Erectile dysfunction(ED) diminishes quality of life for affected men and their partners. Identification of neural substrates may provide information regarding the pathophysiology of types of sexual dysfunction originating in the brain. The aim of this work is to verify the approaches of the nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of the erectile function/disfunction. A search using the words ED and nuclear medicine, ED and scintigraphy, ED and spect and ED and pet was done in the PubMed. The number of citations in each subject was determined. Neuroimaging techniques offer insight into brain regions involved in sexual arousal and inhibition. To tackle problems such as hyposexual disorders or ED caused by brain disorders, it is crucial to understand how the human brain controls sexual arousal and penile erection.

scholarly journals Normal Distribution of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by Dynamic Single-Photon Emission Tomography

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Devous ◽  
E. M. Stokely ◽  
H. H. Chehabi ◽  
F. J. Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Matter Flow

Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured quantitatively using the inert-gas washout technique with xenon-133 and single-photon emission computed tomography. Tomographic data were reconstructed by filtered back projection, and flow was calculated according to the double-integral method. Ninety-seven subjects ranging in age from 20 to 59 years received a single examination; eight of these received a second examination within 1 h of the first; seven others received a second examination separated from the first by 1–10 days. Transverse-section images were obtained at 2, 6, and 10 cm above and parallel to the canthomeatal line (CML). Cortical gray matter flows were obtained from 12 brain regions in the slice 6 cm above the CML, and cerebellar and inferior cerebral gray matter flows were obtained from 4 regions in the slice 2 cm above the CML. Mean gray matter flow was 72 ± 12 ml/min/100 g, with highest flows in the parietal lobes and visual cortex. No significant differences in rCBF occurred when a second study followed the first by 30 min to 10 days. Right-sided rCBF was slightly higher than left in all regions except frontal and parietal lobes where there was no difference. Flow was higher in women than in men and declined mildly with age for both sexes (slope = −0.33 ml/min/100 g/year; p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Development of a High-resolution SSR-SPECT System for Preclinical Imaging and Neuroimaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annunziata D'Elia ◽  
Andrea Soluri ◽  
Filippo Galli ◽  
Sara Schiavi ◽  
Giselda De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Small Animal Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Preclinical Imaging ◽  
Spect System

Abstract The utility of animal models in preclinical research has been increasing by the availability of methods for in vivo imaging. In particular, techniques like single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) show high potential, which is usually limited by spatial resolution. This represents an important parameter influencing scanner design, given the small size of the anatomical structures to be investigated. The purpose of the present work was to assess the performance of a scintigraphic system with improved spatial resolution based on our previous detector by applying the Super Spatial Resolution (SSR). Our dual-head SPECT system is composed of gamma cameras based on the Hamamatsu H13700 position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). In each detector head, the PSPMT is coupled to a 28×28 array of CRY018 scintillation crystals. The pure Tungsten parallel square hole collimator ensures the position sensitivity, and a dedicated resistive chain readout so as an ADC board have been proprietary designed. To finalize the mechanical development of the SSR-SPECT system several tests were carried out. Based on the results obtained in the test phase, a partial review of the mechanical design was performed. Then a dedicated machine handling software was developed, and in particular, a kinematic software debugging and testing was assessed. Finally, several experiments were carried out by using Derenzo phantoms and capillaries filled with radioactive sources. Finally, the performance of our system was evaluated performing small animal imaging studies. The SPECT spatial resolution was experimentally determined to be about 1.6 mm. We reach a resolution of 1.18 mm by applying the SSR based on two images. The results of this study demonstrated the good capability of the system as a suitable tool for preclinical imaging especially in fields like neuroscience for the study of small brain structures.

Correlates of EMDR Therapy in Functional and Structural Neuroimaging: A Critical Summary of Recent Findings

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pagani ◽  
Göran Högberg ◽  
Isabel Fernandez ◽  
Alberto Siracusano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Psychotherapy Session ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Time ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings consistent with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR-related neurobiological changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported, making EMDR the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology and critically analyzed.

scholarly journals Low-Parameter Small Convolutional Neural Network Applied to Functional Medical Imaging of Tc-99m Trodat-1 Brain Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yu-Chieh Chang ◽  
Te-Chun Hsieh ◽  
Jui-Cheng Chen ◽  
Kuan-Pin Wang ◽  
Zong-Kai Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive disease that affects movement, is related to dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Tc-99m Trodat-1 brain (TRODAT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) aids the functional imaging of dopamine transporters and is used for dopaminergic neuron enumeration. Herein, we employed a convolutional neural network to facilitate PD diagnosis through TRODAT SPECT, which is simpler than models such as VGG16 and ResNet50. We retrospectively collected the data of 3188 patients (age range 20–107 years) who underwent TRODAT SPECT between June 2011 and December 2019. We developed a set of functional imaging multiclassification deep learning algorithms suitable for TRODAT SPECT on the basis of the annotations of medical experts. We then applied our self-proposed model and compared its results with those of four other models, including deep and machine learning models. TRODAT SPECT included three images collected from each patient: one presenting the maximum absorption of the metabolic function of the striatum and two adjacent images. An expert physician determined that our model’s accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. Our TRODAT SPECT model provides an objective, more standardized classification correlating to the severity of PD-related diseases, thereby facilitating clinical diagnosis and preventing observer bias.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease by Using SPECT Imaging and Biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1329-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Pahuja ◽  
T. N. Nagabhushan ◽  
Bhanu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Abstract Precise and timely diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is important to control its progression among subjects. Currently, a neuroimaging technique called dopaminergic imaging that uses single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-Ioflupane is popular among clinicians for detecting Parkinson’s disease in early stages. Unlike other studies, which consider only low-level features like gray matter, white matter, or cerebrospinal fluid, this study explores the non-linear relation between different biomarkers (SPECT + biological) using deep learning and multivariate logistic regression. Striatal binding ratios are obtained using 123I-Ioflupane SPECT scans from four brain regions which are further integrated with five biological biomarkers to increase the diagnostic accuracy. Experimental results indicate that this investigated approach can differentiate subjects with 100% accuracy. The obtained results outperform the ones reported in the literature. Furthermore, logistic regression model has been developed for estimating the Parkinson’s disease onset probability. Such models may aid clinicians in diagnosing this disease.

THE SURGERY OF EPILEPSY

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. SHC-463-SHC-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schramm ◽  
Hans Clusmann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
The Past

Abstract THE IDEA OF surgical treatment for epilepsy is not new. However, widespread use and general acceptance of this treatment has only been achieved during the past three decades. A crucial step in this direction was the development of video electroencephalographic monitoring. Improvements in imaging resulted in an increased ability for preoperative identification of intracerebral and potentially epileptogenic lesions. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging plays a major role in structural and functional imaging; other functional imaging techniques (e.g., positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography) provide complementary data and, together with corresponding electroencephalographic findings, result in a hypothesis of the epileptogenic lesion, epileptogenic zone, and the functional deficit zone. The development of microneurosurgical techniques was a prerequisite for the general acceptance of elective intracranial surgery. New less invasive and safer resection techniques have been developed, and new palliative and augmentative techniques have been introduced. Today, epilepsy surgery is more effective and conveys a better seizure control rate. It has become safer and less invasive, with lower morbidity and mortality rates. This article summarizes the various developments of the past three decades and describes the present tools for presurgical evaluation and surgical strategy, as well as ideas and future perspectives for epilepsy surgery.

99mTc-ECD SPECT at rest and activation in young patients with schizophrenia

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Anna Nocuń ◽  
Justyna Pawęzka ◽  
Beata Chrapko ◽  
Kinga Szymona ◽  
Agata Smoleń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Quantitative Spect ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe aim of the study was to localize brain parts involved in executive functions in patients with schizophrenia by means of 99mTc-ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 3-dimensional automatic software. We examined 12 men with schizophrenia (mean age 29±3.9 years). Brain perfusion SPECT was performed at rest and during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Two types of quantitative SPECT analysis were applied; voxel-based and volume of interest (VOI)-based. With voxel-based approach, rest and activation SPECT were compared. VOI-based analysis allowed for correlation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 20 VOIs with WCST scores. In voxel-based analysis, the patterns of rCBF decrease and increase after activation varied between patients, with combinations of different brain regions involved. In VOI-based approach, the only statistically significant difference between activation and rest was rCBF decrease in the left basal ganglia (p=0.028). The thalami and right temporal cortex correlated with the greatest number of WCST scores, followed by left occipital cortex and left cerebellum. In conclusion, our results suggest that patterns of WCST activation and deactivation vary between patients with schizophrenia. Among the network of involved brain structures, right temporal cortex and thalami appear to play the major role.

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