Spurious elevation of serum potassium concentration measured in samples with thrombocytosis

Diagnosis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Roccaforte ◽  
Massimo Daves ◽  
Adawiya Alfreijat ◽  
Monica Riva ◽  
Maria Leitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

AbstractSeveral factors that can lead to falsely elevated values of serum. Thrombocytosis is one of these factors, since breakage or activation of platelets during blood coagulation in vitro may lead to spurious release of potassium. The purpose of the study was to evaluate to which extent the platelet count may impact on potassium in both serum and plasma.The study population consisted of 42 subjects with platelets values comprised between 20 and 750×10Significant differences were found between potassium values in serum and in plasma. A significant correlation was also observed between serum potassium values and the platelet count in whole blood, but not with the age, sex, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts in whole blood. No similar correlation was noticed between plasma potassium and platelet count in whole blood. The frequency of hyperkalemia was also found to be higher in serum (20%) than in plasma (7%) in samples with a platelet count in whole blood >450×10The results of this study show that platelets in the biological samples may impact on potassium measurement when exceeding 450×10

A Simple and Rapid Method to Determine GPIIb/IIIa-Receptor Inhibitor Activity in Whole Blood

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Gitta Kühnel ◽  
A. C. Matzdorff
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Receptor Inhibitor

SummaryWe studied the effect of GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitors on platelet activation with flow cytometry in vitro. Citrated whole blood was incubated with increasing concentrations of three different GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitors (c7E3, DMP728, XJ757), then thrombin or ADP were added and after 1 min the sample was fixed. Samples without c7E3 but with 0.1 U/ml thrombin had a decrease in platelet count. Samples with increasing concentrations of c7E3 had a lesser or no decrease in platelet count. The two other inhibitors (DMP 725, XJ757) gave similar results. GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitors prevent aggregate formation and more single platelets remain in the blood sample. The agonist-induced decrease in platelet count correlates closely with the concentration of the GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor and receptor occupancy. This correlation may be used as a simple measure for inhibitor activity in whole blood.

scholarly journals Correcting hypokalaemia in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome through oral dose of potassium chloride intravenous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110197
Author(s):  
Salman Alasfour ◽  
Haya S Alfailakawi ◽  
Yousif A Shamsaldeen
Keyword(s):  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Bartter Syndrome ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Main Challenge

Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia is defined as low serum potassium concentration ˂3.5 mmol/L, which may lead to arrhythmia and death if left untreated. The aim of this case report was to normalize serum potassium concentration without the need for intravenous intervention. A 5-month-old male of 2.7 kg body weight diagnosed with Bartter syndrome was admitted to the general paediatric ward with acute severe hypokalaemia and urinary tract infection. The main challenge was the inability to administer drugs through intravenous route due to compromised body size. Therefore, we shifted the route of administration to the nasogastric tube/oral route. A total of 2 mL of concentrated intravenous potassium chloride (4 mEq potassium) were dissolved in distilled water and administered through nasogastric tube. Serum potassium concentration was rapidly normalized, which culminated in patient discharge. In conclusion, shifting drug administration from intravenous to oral route in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome includes numerous advantages such as patient convenience, minimized risk of cannula-induced infection, and reduced nurse workload.

STUDIES OF SERUM ELECTROLYTE CHANGES DURING EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
GERALD MILLER ◽  
AUGUSTA B. MCCOORD ◽  
HOWARD A. JOOS ◽  
SAMUEL W. CLAUSEN
Keyword(s):  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Transfusion Therapy

Alterations in concentrations of serum potassium are reported in infants studied during exchange transfusion therapy for erythroblastosis. The elevated plasma potassium content of citrated whole blood following prolonged storage may produce hyperkaliemia in some infants. The authors have suggested that hypocalcemia and hyperkaliemia may coexist in some of these babies during exchange transfusion. Certain implications regarding the cumulative effects of these two disturbances are discussed in relation to exchange transfusion.

Determinants of platelet conjugate formation with polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes in whole blood

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1276-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Branislav Vohnout ◽  
Licia Iacoviello ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Benedetta Izzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Cd11b Expression ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Primary Platelet ◽  
Collagen Stimulation

SummaryFollowing preliminary in-vitro experiments, platelet-leukocyte conjugates and their determinants were evaluated in citrated whole blood from 349 subjects (209 women, age 16–92 years) randomly recruited from the general population. Platelet activation by ADP/collagen but not leukocyte stimulation by fMLP or LTB4 resulted in formation of platelet conjugates with PMN or monocytes. In the population study, mixed cell conjugates, platelet P-selectin and leukocyte CD11b were measured by flow cytometry both at baseline and after in-vitro stimulation with ADP/collagen. The latter significantly increased platelet conjugates with either PMN or monocytes, platelet P-selectin and leukocyte CD11b expression. Platelet count significantly correlated with platelet-PMN, platelet-monocyte conjugates and P-selectin both at baseline and upon stimulation. In all conditions, both conjugate levels correlated with each other, when adjusted for gender, age and platelet count. Age correlated with platelet-PMN conjugate numbers in basal and stimulated conditions and with basal P-selectin. ADP/collagen stimulation resulted in higher P-selectin and conjugates values in women. Among risk factors, a significant correlation was found between conjugate and glucose levels. In conclusion, the presence and formation in whole blood from a large population of plateletleukocyte conjugates reflects primary platelet – but not leukocyte – activation and varies with gender, age, platelet count and blood glucose.

THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR EXERCISE ON PLASMA SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE RAT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Sréter ◽  
Sydney M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

After running a distance of 100 meters in 7 minutes, untrained rats showed a rise in plasma potassium and a fall in plasma sodium as measured in tail vein samples. These changes are in accord with in vitro observations of the effects of exercise on isolated muscle preparations and similarly are taken to indicate a gain of sodium and a loss of potassium by the exercised muscles in the whole animal. Within 10 minutes of completion of the exercise, plasma sodium concentration was restored to normal while potassium was restored within 20 minutes. Exercise was accompanied by a fall in haematocrit, which remained low for up to 40 minutes. A period of 2 months of preliminary training modified the response to exercise. In these trained animals, a fall in sodium concentration occurred as before but the rise in potassium concentration was less in degree and the haematocrit did not change. It is suggested that the rate of increase of plasma potassium is an index of muscle efficiency while the height of plasma potassium is correlated with the fatigue limit of exercise.

Serum Potassium Concentration and Use of Ouabain in Experimental Tourniquet Shock

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Rosse ◽  
A. L. Bennett ◽  
A. R. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Serum Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Tourniquet Shock ◽  
The Mean

Shock was induced in dogs by the release of tourniquets which had been applied to the hind legs for 5 hours. The serum potassium level was followed by spaced sampling. It was seen to rise slightly (from an average of 4.02 mEq/l. to an average of 4.66 mEq/l.) during the prerelease period. Five minutes after the release of the tourniquets, the level had risen to an average of 7.50 mEq/l. and thirty minutes after the release, it had risen to an average of 8.56 mEq/l. At the critical point in the progress of the syndrome (when the mean blood pressure was approximately 50 mm Hg) the average value was 8.46 mEq/l. Ouabain was administered and the level of serum potassium was seen to rise, attaining values as high as 14.67 mEq/l. in one case. The results and significance of these increased levels are briefly discussed as well as an animadversion upon the effects of ouabain on the mean blood pressure.

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