scholarly journals Insidious pathogen-mimicking properties of nanoparticles in triggering the lectin pathway of the complement system

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moein Moghimi ◽  
Peter P. Wibroe ◽  
Linping Wu ◽  
Z. Shadi Farhangrazi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Polymeric Surface ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Independent Reaction

AbstractThe lectin pathway of the complement system is an integral component of the innate immune system recognizing pathogens through patterns of sugar moieties displayed on their surfaces and neutralizing them through an antibody-independent reaction cascade. Many engineered nanoparticles incite complement through the lectin pathway, but these nanoparticles inherently do not express surface-exposed sugars. However, the projected polymeric surface architecture of nanoparticles may transiently resemble structural motifs of peptidoglycan constituents of pathogens and trigger the lectin pathway. We discuss these issues in relation to nanomedicine design and immune safety.

scholarly journals Interactions of the innate immune system with carbon nanotubes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Pondman ◽  
Carolina Salvador-Morales ◽  
Basudev Paudyal ◽  
Robert B. Sim ◽  
Uday Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
The Complement System

The complement system can interact with nanoparticles and alter the intended therapeutic targeting.

Das Komplementsystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Frauenknecht ◽  
V. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

SummaryAtherosclerotic diseases such as coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke are caused by chronic inflammation in arterial vessel walls. The complement system is part of the innate immune system. It is involved in many processes contributing to onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques up to the final stage of acute thrombotic events. This is due to its prominent role in inflammatory processes. In addition, there is increasing evidence that interactions between complement and coagulation provide a link between inflammation and thrombosis. On the other hand, the complement system also has an atheroprotective function through the clearance of apoptotic material.The knowledge of these complex mechanisms will become increasingly important, also for clinicians, since it may lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic options. Therapies targeting the complement system have the potential to reduce tissue damage caused by acute ischaemic events. Whether early anti-inflammatory and anti-complement therapy may be able to prevent atherosclerosis, remains a hot topic for research.

The complement system

2010 ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Marina Botto ◽  
Mark J. Walport
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
System P ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
The Complement System

The complement system consists of over 20 distinct proteins and is an essential component of the innate immune system. It is a major effector mechanism of host defence against infection and inflammatory responses, has an important role in the physiological removal of immune complexes and dying cells, and plays an accessory role in the induction of antibody responses....

scholarly journals Effects of engineered nanoparticles on the innate immune system

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchang Liu ◽  
Joseph Hardie ◽  
Xianzhi Zhang ◽  
Vincent M. Rotello
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Innate Immune System Response Against Environmental Temperature Changes as A Dangerous Abiotic Factor

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
System Response ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immune Pathways

<p>Innate immune system is the first line response against environmental changes in invertebrate. It protects the animal from environmental changes such as temperature change, PH and salinity as well as pathogens such as bacteria and viruses through different biochemical pathways. In fact, the innate immune system relies on different biochemical reactions which are protecting the animal under adverse environmental circumstances. Among all of the environmental factors, temperature is a dangerous abiotic factor which affects organisms on its ecological level through infiltrating it’s the molecular and cellular levels. Invertebrate could survive from a wide range of environmental effects and possesses innate immunity as its defense systems. This review paper aimed at presenting the main innate immune pathways that are activated against the most abiotic environmental changes. We reviewed fundamental aspects of invertebrates’ defense process by focusing on the important innate immune pathways including: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Pro-PO activating system, Melanization Pathway, Lectin Pathway, Apoptosis Pathway, Plasma clotting protein.</p>

scholarly journals A Plausible Role for Collectins in Skin Immune Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Shengxiang Xiao ◽  
Yumin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Complex Organ

The skin is a complex organ that faces the external environment and participates in the innate immune system. Skin immune homeostasis is necessary to defend against external microorganisms and to recover from stress to the skin. This homeostasis depends on interactions among a variety of cells, cytokines, and the complement system. Collectins belong to the lectin pathway of the complement system, and have various roles in innate immune responses. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin kidney 1, and liver (CL-K1, CL-L1) activate the lectin pathway, while all have multiple functions, including recognition of pathogens, opsonization of phagocytosis, and modulation of cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. Certain collectins are localized in the skin, and their expressions change during skin diseases. In this review, we summarize important advances in our understanding of how MBL, surfactant proteins A and D, CL-L1, and CL-K1 function in skin immune homeostasis. Based on the potential roles of collectins in skin diseases, we suggest therapeutic strategies for skin diseases through the targeting of collectins and relevant regulators.

scholarly journals Structure and activation of C1, the complex initiating the classical pathway of the complement cascade

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 986-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Mortensen ◽  
Bjoern Sander ◽  
Rasmus K. Jensen ◽  
Jan Skov Pedersen ◽  
Monika M. Golas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Recognition Molecule

The complement system is an important antimicrobial and inflammation-generating component of the innate immune system. The classical pathway of complement is activated upon binding of the 774-kDa C1 complex, consisting of the recognition molecule C1q and the tetrameric protease complex C1r2s2, to a variety of activators presenting specific molecular patterns such as IgG- and IgM-containing immune complexes. A canonical model entails a C1r2s2with its serine protease domains tightly packed together in the center of C1 and an intricate intramolecular reaction mechanism for activation of C1r and C1s, induced upon C1 binding to the activator. Here, we show that the serine protease domains of C1r and C1s are located at the periphery of the C1r2s2tetramer both when alone or within the nonactivated C1 complex. Our structural studies indicate that the C1 complex adopts a conformation incompatible with intramolecular activation of C1, suggesting instead that intermolecular proteolytic activation between neighboring C1 complexes bound to a complement activating surface occurs. Our results rationalize how a multitude of structurally unrelated molecular patterns can activate C1 and suggests a conserved mechanism for complement activation through the classical and the related lectin pathway.

scholarly journals Activity of Mannose-Binding Lectin on Bacterial-Infected Chickens—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Peter A. Idowu ◽  
Adeola P. Idowu ◽  
Oliver T. Zishiri ◽  
Takalani J. Mpofu ◽  
Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mannose Binding Lectin ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Binding Lectin

In recent years, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have profoundly impacted chicken production by causing economic loss in chicken products and by-product revenues. MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is part of the innate immune system (IIS), which is the host’s first line defense against pathogens. The IIS functions centrally by identifying pathogen-specific microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with the help of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Studies have classified mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as one of the PRR molecules which belong to the C-type lectin family. The protective role of MBL lies in its ability to activate the complement system via the lectin pathway and there seems to be a direct link between the chicken’s health status and the MBL concentration in the serum. Several methods have been used to detect the presence, the level and the structure of MBL in chickens such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) among others. The concentration of MBL in the chicken ranges from 0.4 to 35 µg/mL and can be at peak levels at three to nine days at entry of pathogens. The variations observed are known to depend on the bacterial strains, breed and age of the chicken and possibly the feed manipulation strategies. However, when chicken MBL (cMBL) becomes deficient, it can result in malfunctioning of the innate immune system, which can predispose chickens to diseases. This article aimed to discuss the importance and components of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in chickens, its mode of actions, and the different methods used to detect MBL. Therefore, more studies are recommended to explore the causes for low and high cMBL production in chicken breeds and the possible effect of feed manipulation strategies in enhancing cMBL production.

scholarly journals Complement Component C3: A Novel Biomarker Participating in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juqiang Han ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disorder worldwide. The pathological spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that induces progressive liver cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms driving the transformation of NASH are obscure. There is a compelling need for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of NASH, and thereby providing new insight into mechanism-based therapy. Currently, several studies reported that complement system, an innate immune system, played an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which was also proved by our recent study. Complement component 3 (C3), a protein of the innate immune system, plays a hub role in the complement system. Herein, we present a review on the role and molecular mechanism of C3 in NASH as well as its implication in NASH diagnosis and treatment.

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