Exposure of nano- and ultrafine Ni particles to synthetic biological solutions: predicting fate-related dissolution and accumulation

AbstractThe growing production and use of nickel (Ni) nanopowders with low biopersistence makes dissolution and accumulation degree in a body an important parameters needed for the risk assessment of nanoparticles. We propose an experimental approach for rapid determination of the dissolution degree of nanoscale (77 nm) and ultrafine (275 nm) Ni particles in synthetic biological solutions. It has been shown that after 2 h of exposure to simulating saliva and lysosomal liquid the dissolution degree of nanoparticles can reach 30 and 60 wt.%, respectively. With decreasing of the particle’s size, they are characterized by increased solubility in saliva and the pulmonary tract; and the particles completely dissolve in 24 h. There was an attempt to predict the potential extent of accumulation of nickel compounds in the human body with particles entering the body by saliva or with breathing: with 3.8 times size decrease the probability of nickel accumulation in a body can rise in 3.5 times.

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The Muon as a Tool for Scanning the Interior of the Human Body

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624681 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Daniel

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Human Body ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Simultaneous Recording ◽

The Body ◽

X Rays ◽

Medium Energy ◽

Pass Through ◽

Dimensional Picture

SummaryA completely new technique for scanning the interior of the human body is proposed which is based on the following principle: muons from an accelerator pass through two spark chambers and are stopped in the body. The decay electrons leave the body and pass also two spark chambers. The trajectory co-ordinates read out from the spark chambers allow the determination of the point of decay with high precision. The truly three-dimensional picture obtained in this way is truly three-dimensionally displayed on a screen. Several modifications of the basic method are described, the most important ones being the simultaneous recording of the muonic X-rays (equivalent to a chemical analysis) or of the muon precession. The necessary dose is low. The most serious disadvantage is the need of a medium-energy accelerator. Quantitative figures on resolution, efficiency, and dose are given.

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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SILHOUETTES OF CHRISTIAN DIOR

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2019.03.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 167-178

Author(s):

Krasimira Radieva

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Geometric Approach ◽

The Body ◽

Body Form ◽

Fashion Designers

The variety of silhouettes is one of main features of Christian Dior’s creativity. The aim of presented paper is a study and analysis of the silhouettes of Christian Dior for determination of connection between a silhouette and the body form and presentation of a silhouette with simple geometric forms. The silhouettes of Christian Dior in his couture collections in the period between 1947 and 1957 are studied, analysed and approximated with combination of well-known simple geometric forms - curved forms of ellipses, ovals, circles, full figures or their parts, and straight ones of rectangles and trapeziums. The investigation of the silhouettes with the application of approximation with well-known simple geometric forms helps the students in their studies in fashion. The approximated geometric approach helps the activity of fashion designers and pattern makers in their creations of new silhouette forms and their proportions to the human body.

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The body and religious language

10.53100/ttrnn212ujgfg_2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Esfahani

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Religious Language ◽

Theological Debate ◽

The Relationship

In this article, the author discusses the relationship between the human body and the emergence of religious language, starting with the thesis that the nature of the human body has a direct effect on the determination of language, and that we only understand the meaning of words in accordance with our physical disposition. In this thorough philosophical-theological treatise on Being, speech, the body and prophetology, Qur’anic textual examples and Islamic traditions are used to explain how body and language interrelate and what conclusions can be drawn from this for the centuries-old theological debate on the "anthropomorphisms" in the Qur’an.

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Conceptual reconsideration of nominations of limbs in the paremiological fund of the Chinese language

Litera ◽

10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36073 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Mingxuan Liu

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Chinese Language ◽

The Body ◽

Linguistic Representation ◽

Different Cultures

This article is dedicated to reconsideration of nominations of limbs reflected in the phraseological fund of the Chinese language. The goal of this work consist in determination of the conceptual attributes of nominations of human limbs in the Chinese linguistic worldview by analyzing their linguistic representation in the paremiological fund of the language. The author leans on the vast theoretical material, gradually describing the key approaches towards the analysis of “bodily concepts” and the study of phraseologisms of the Chinese language in the conceptual paradigm. The author reveals several primary and secondary meanings of words that represent limbs in the Chinese language, demonstrating the interrelation between the origin of the word and the number of its secondary conceptual meanings. For example, the hieroglyph 脚 (foot) is the “youngest” and most commonly denominates part of the body. The article also proves the possibility of actualization of cognitive meanings of particular linguistic concepts through the analysis of paremias. Namely, the concept “arm” implies the meanings of “mastery”, “distance”, “tool” and “weapon”, while the concept  “foot” – the meanings of “foundation”, “motion”, “prosperity”. The author comes to the conclusion that the ways of reconsideration of human body and its parts in descriptive and comparative terms of different cultures is one of the most effective instruments for cognizing the fundamental of the linguistic worldview.

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The effect of ethyl alcohol on accuracy of time since death estimation using laser poliarimetric methods of cerebrospinal liquid polyristallic films investigation

Forensic-medical examination ◽

10.24061/2707-8728.2.2017.9 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Marta Garazdiuk ◽

Viktor Bachynskyi ◽

Iryna Lebedintseva ◽

Oleksandr Garazdiuk ◽

Andrii Andriichuk

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Ethyl Alcohol ◽

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Time Since Death ◽

Polycrystalline Films ◽

Laser Polarimetry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Presence And Absence

The article analyzes the possibility of using laser polarimetry methods to determine the possible influence of ethyl alcohol in the body of the deceased on the change in the structure of the polycrystalline films of the cerebrospinal fluid. The efficiency of usage laser polarimetry methods (determination of complex degree of mutual polarization and autofluorescence of polycrystalline films of cerebrospinal fluid) have been proved. Relationships between the distribution of the intensity of the fluorescence of polycrystalline films of the cerebrospinal fluid of the cadavers as a result of cardiovascular pathology in the presence and absence of ethyl alcohol in the organism and the values and ranges of the change of statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders that characterize such autofluorescence images are investigated. A good level of balanced differentiation of the presence of ethyl alcohol in the human body in the «green-yellow» and «red» sections of the spectrum has been achieved. There is a statistically significant difference between cases of death from cardiovascular disease in the presence and absence of ethyl alcohol in an organism by determining the magnitude of the statistical moment of the 4th order, which characterizes the distributions of the azimuth magnitude of the polarization of microscopic images of laser-induced fluorescence. On this basis, an excellent balanced accuracy of the differentiation of the presence of ethyl alcohol in the human body (Ac (M4) = 94%) has been achieved. Consequently, ethyl alcohol affects the structure of polycrystalline films of cerebrospinal fluid, which should be taken into account when time since death estimated using methods of laser polarimetry.

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Weak Beam Imaging and Diffraction Studies of Stacking Faults in Silicon

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100092918 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 590-591

Author(s):

T. Y. Tan ◽

W. K. Tice

Keyword(s):

Fast Neutron ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Stacking Faults ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Large Reduction ◽

Dislocation Loops ◽

Fringe Spacing ◽

Weak Beam ◽

Kinematical Theory

In studying ion implanted semiconductors and fast neutron irradiated metals, the need for characterizing small dislocation loops having diameters of a few hundred angstrom units usually arises. The weak beam imaging method is a powerful technique for analyzing these loops. Because of the large reduction in stacking fault (SF) fringe spacing at large sg, this method allows for a rapid determination of whether the loop is faulted, and, hence, whether it is a perfect or a Frank partial loop. This method was first used by Bicknell to image small faulted loops in boron implanted silicon. He explained the fringe spacing by kinematical theory, i.e., ≃l/(Sg) in the fault fringe in depth oscillation. The fault image contrast formation mechanism is, however, really more complicated.

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Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116942 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 664-665

Author(s):

Mircea Fotino

Keyword(s):

Experimental Approach ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Biological Research ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

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Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146928 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

T.B. Ball ◽

W.M. Hess

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

The Body ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Length Width ◽

Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

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