scholarly journals Enhancement of mechanical properties of natural rubber–clay nanocomposites through incorporation of silanated organoclay into natural rubber latex

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarshana Jayaraj Perera ◽  
Shantha Maduwage Egodage ◽  
Shantha Walpalage
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Clay Layers

AbstractIn this study, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified montmorillonite (MMT) which is called as organoclay (OMMT) was mixed with natural rubber, and masterbatches were produced using the acid-free co-coagulation (AFCC) method in the presence of a combined gelling agent, a mixture of CTAB and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The OMMT was further modified by grafting of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide as to reduce the surface energy in silanated organoclay (OMMT-S). As expected, the nanocomposites prepared with OMMT-S compared to those with OMMT exhibited greater mechanical properties due to the development of rubber–clay interactions and due to proper dispersion of small clay layers in the rubber matrix combined with the gelling agent. The improvement of elongation at break, hardness and tear strength of the nanocomposites with OMMT/OMMT-S was an added advantage when the nanocomposites are prepared using the AFCC method without having any adverse effect from the combined gelling agent.

scholarly journals Preparation of natural rubber-OMMT nanocomposites using mechanical mixing and acid free co-coagulation methods: effect of processing method on mechanical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5640-5647
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Cure Time

The masterbatches were prepared by acid free co-coagulation (AFCC) method in which OMMT was incorporated into natural rubber latex (NRL) or conventional mechanical mixing. Inherent slow coagulation, and drying, stages of the AFCC method were overcome by introducing a novel gelling agent; a combination of two surfactants, namely, Cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Six nanocomposites (A-nanocomposite, C-nanocomposite and M-nanocomposite) were prepared at the OMMT loadings of 2 and 5 phr; of them, two with gelling agent (A-2, A-5) and two without gelling agent (C-2, C-5) using AFCC method and two using mechanical mixing (M-2 & M-5). Controls of them (A-0, C-0 and M-0) were prepared without using OMMT. X-ray diffractograms and scanning electron spectroscopic images showed that a higher amount of aggregated clay structures was present in the M-nanocomposites, and less aggregated clay structures were present in C-nanocomposites. However randomly distributed ordered structures along with exfoliated clay structures were in the A-nanocomposites. Crosslink density and the bound rubber content of the A-nanocomposites were significantly higher than M-nanocomposites but lower than C-nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of the A- nanocomposites and C-nanocomposites were greater than those of the M-nanocomposites at each OMMT loading. The cure time of the A-nanocomposites and C-nanocomposites were also remarkably lowered compared to the M-nanocomposites. It was observed that the effect of the combined gelling agent had no adverse effect on mechanical properties.

Morphology Properties of Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites Base on Palm Oil Polyol Paint

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihayat Teuku ◽  
Amroel Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Clay Aggregates

An organically modified clay and a pristine clay were used to prepare biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) paint/clay nanocomposites. In this paper, polyurethane paint /clay nanocomposites base on palm oil polyol were prepared by isocyanate, polyol and organoclay (a clay modified with Cetyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Octadecylamines (ODA). The morphologies of samples were revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Intercalation of PU into clay galleries and crystalline structure of PU were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the resulting composite showed a combination of intercalated and partially exfoliated clay layers with occasional clay aggregates

scholarly journals Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9507-9522
Author(s):  
Nurul Jannah Sallehuddin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.

Influence of Different Dispersants on the Dispersion Property of Nano-Aluminium Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li Song ◽  
Ren Yuan Zhang ◽  
Ling Bo Mao ◽  
Wen Jie Zhu ◽  
Miao Yan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Dispersion Property ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

The influences of dispersant type, supersonic time and concentration on the dispersion property of the nano-aluminium powders in glycol water were systematically studied by using Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)，cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium hexa metah posphate（SHMP）as dispersants. During the first stage of the experiments, influences of dispersant type and ultrasonic time with these dispersants were evaluated. The next stage of the study was focused on SHMP concentration. The influence of SHMP concentration was assessed. The results show that with the increasing of ultrasonic time, the dispersion property of nano-aluminum powders first increases and then decreases, and SHMP is the best one. The excellent dispersing condition on the dispersion property of nano-aluminium is: 5g/L SHMP and 50 min ultrasonic vibration.

Surfactant Treatment and Leaching Combination Process for Preparation of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
Jirapornchai Suksaeree ◽  
Wirach Taweepreda ◽  
Wiwat Pichayakorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Surfactant Treatment ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate ◽  
Cocamidopropyl Betaine

This study aimed to improve the efficacy of protein removal from fresh natural rubber latex (NRL) and to decrease the production cost by using surfactant treatment and leaching combination processes. The 0.5-3% anionic surfactants, i.e. sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl ether sulfate, nonionic tween80 surfactant, or an amphoteric cocamidopropyl betaine surfactant was used in surfactant treatment process. Moreover, water, aqueous surfactant solutions, and/or 1-5% organic solvents (i.e. ethanol, isopropanol and/or acetone) was then used in leaching process. The fresh NRL was preserved by paraben compounds in the presence of surfactant at ambient temperature for 20-120 minutes, and then centrifuged. This might prevent the skin irritation of deproteinized NRL (DNRL) caused by ammonium stabilizer that normally uses in latex industry. The upper rubber mass was then leached for upto three cycles with leaching solvents, and then finally redispersed in distilled water. The milky-like DNRLs were obtained by these processes. Their dry rubber contents were 41-47% that could be adjusted. Their viscosities were 9-13 centipoises with the pH of 6.04-6.61. The protein residues in these DNRLs were 0.0000-0.3244% which were lower than that of fresh NRL (1.2428%). These indicated the efficacy of studied deproteinization process for 73.90-100.0%. Types and concentrations of surfactant, incubation times, leaching solvents, and cycles of leaching process affected the efficacy of deproteinization process. Moreover, the properties of these dried films were not different from that of fresh NR film. This DNRL could be further used for several applications including medical skin products.

Effect of Bio-Fibrils Incorporating with TiO2 on the Properties of Natural Rubber Foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Seerod ◽  
Jantaravan Sangjumpa ◽  
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Universal Testing

In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was pretreated and bleached with 2.5 M NaOH at 80°C for 8 h and ClNaO for 12 h, respectively. Then it was hydrolyzed in the acid mixture of 5%wt. C2H2O4 and 48%wt. H2SO4 for 24 h. The obtained bio-fibrils and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were filled into the natural rubber latex (NRL) with the help of vulcanizing agent, antioxidant, accelerators, curing agent and gelling agent to get the resulted natural rubber (NR) foams. The morphology properties and physical properties of all foam samples were checked by using scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine, respectively. The properties of EFB fibers and bio-fibrils were also compared. The density of prepared foams was found out. Resulted showed that the bio-fibrils have the smooth surface with smaller size than BFB fibers. Addition of these bio-fibrils and TiO2 particles into NRL latex contributed the significant improvement of density and physical strength of the resulted foams. The composite foam containing 1.0 phr of bio-fibrils and 2.5 phr of TiO2 had the highest value of density and tensile stress.

Mobility of DR1 Molecules Embedded in Nanostructured PMMA Films

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Jorge A. García-Macedo ◽  
A. Franco ◽  
Guadalupe Valverde-Aguilar ◽  
M.A. Ríos-Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poling Field ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the orientation of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecules embedded in nanostructured Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) films was studied under the effect of an intense constant electric poling field. The changes in the orientation distribution of the DR1 molecules were followed by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) measurements. The SHG signal was recorded as function of time at three different temperatures. We focused on both, the signal increases under the presence of the poling field and the signal decays without the poling field. The studied PMMA films were nanostructured by the incorporation of ionic surfactants as the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and the Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) during their preparation. The kinds of nanostructures obtained in the films were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Substantial differences in signal intensity and in growth and decay rates between amorphous and nanostructured films were found.

The Study of Surfactant Effect on Soil Water Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1946-1949
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Li ◽  
Tian Wei Qian ◽  
Li Juan Huo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

In this paper,the effect of surfactant to the infiltration and the change of saturated hydraulic conductivity was studied by GUELPH PERMEAMETER. We investigated effects on soil infiltration by three representative surfactants.The results show that the existing of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide bromide (CTAB) and polyxyethylene fatty alcohol (AEO9) would decrease soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document