scholarly journals Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9507-9522
Author(s):  
Nurul Jannah Sallehuddin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Kenaf Bast

Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.

BIO-CACO3 FROM RAW EGGSHELL AS ADDITIVE IN NATURAL RUBBER LATEX GLOVE FILMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-577
Author(s):  
Nuchnapa Tangboriboon ◽  
Rujika Takkire ◽  
Watchara Sangwan ◽  
Sairung Changkhamchom ◽  
Anuvat Sirivat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Latex Glove ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACT Raw hen eggshell powder, a calcium carbonate source, was used as a biofiller in the natural rubber latex compound and latex glove film formation via dipping process. The powder was anticipated to improve the physical (smoothness and thickness of film) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of latex film and to reduce the extractable protein content on film surface. Eggshell powder ground by a rapid mill was fine particles of approximately 37.48 μm in diameter, suitable for homogeneous and compatible addition into the natural rubber latex compound. Dipping hand mold into the natural rubber latex compound with 50 wt% eggshell added was the best formula to obtain a smooth, clear, thin film surface, with the tensile strength of 23.24 ± 0.745 MPa and the highest elongation at break of 723.99 ± 14.60%, along with a low protein content, a dense film without water leakage, and with a good contact angle. The natural rubber latex glove film possessed good physical-mechanical properties and a low protein content as the results of the raw eggshell powder added as a biofiller.

Effect of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Products Filled with Alkanolamide-Modified Cassava Peel Waste Powder (CPWP)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Kelvin Hadinatan ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
Baharin Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cassava Peel

The effect of aging on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) products filled with alkanolamide-modified cassava peel waste powder (CPWP) was studied. CPWP used as fillers was prepared by milling and sieving it until the size of 100 mesh. The powder then was dispersed in a suspension containing water and alkanolamide in order to modify the prepared powders. The dispersion system of 10 pphr (part per hundred rubber) then was added into NRL matrix followed by pre-vulcanization at 70°C for 10 minutes. The NRL compound then were casted into films by coagulant dipping method then dried at 120°C for 10 minutes. Afterwards, the films were allowed to cool at room temperature for 24 hours before being aged in a circulation of hot air for 24 hours at 70°C. The properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break were evaluated between the aged samples and the unaged samples. From this study, it showed that the aged films have increasing value of tensile strength and tensile modulus while the value of elongation at break decreases. These datas are supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs which indicate that the change of morphology in NRL films occurs before and after aging.

Preparation and Characterization of Rice Husk Powder Incorporated Natural Rubber Latex Foam

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamala Ramasamy ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Yamuna Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rice Milling

Rice husk powder (RHP) is an abundant agricultural by product that is produced in bulk quantity as part of rice milling. This research is carried out to incorporate RHP with natural rubber latex (NRL) compound. Different loading of RHP is added to NRL compound and is foamed to make natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) using a well known technique called the Dunlop method. The tensile properties of modified NRLF is studied and compared with the controlled NRLF which has zero RHP loading. The morphology and micro structural characterization has been performed by Tabletop microscopy (TM1000). The tensile strength decreases at 2.5 pphr but increases again as the filler loading increases. Elongation at break decreases whereas modulus at 100% elongation (M 100) and hardness increases as the filler loading increases.

Influence of Modified Cassava Peel Waste (CPW) Loading on Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Kelvin Hadinatan ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cassava Peel

Cassava peel is one of agricultural waste that abundantly found in environment. One approach to manage this waste is to apply it as filler in natural rubber latex. In this work, the cassava peel waste (CPW) was powdered and dispersed in alkanolamide-water dispersion system to modify its surface. The amount of fillers used was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 phr (part per hundred rubber) and loaded in natural rubber latex (NRL) formulation system. The products then were formed by dipping method after the NRL formulation was pre-vulcanized at 70°C. The observed parameter includes crosslink density, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of tensile fracture in NRL film. The results show that 10 phr loading of modified fillers increases the crosslink density, tensile strength, and tensile modulus but decreases the elongation at break. SEM study also reveals that higher filler loading above 10 phr will create the agglomeration in rubber matrix.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kaolin/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Prepared by the Conventional Two-Roll Mill Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yu De Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Thermal Analyser ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites

Nanoomposites consisting of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with the modified kaolin were fabricated. The effect of modified kaolin loading on the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates was examined by varying its incorporation (20–50 phr). The NR-based nanocomposites were characterized using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Instron tensile machine and thermal analyser. These filled NR composites exhibit outstanding mechanical properties and much higher thermal stability compared to the pure NR. The hardness and tensile properties increased with increasing filler loading and an optimum of tensile strength was achieved at 50 phr of modified kaolin. The morphological studies by TEM revealed that kaolinite layers were finely dispersed into the natural rubber matrix and orientationally arranged in parallel

Hydroxylated Natural Rubber Effect on Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of PLA

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutthapong Triampanichkul ◽  
Ploenpit Boochathum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Epoxidation Reaction ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

This work focuses on the effect of functionality of hydroxylated natural rubber (HNR) and its loading on crystallinity and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA). HNR with hydroxyl groups of 9.09% by mole was prepared from natural rubber latex via epoxidation reaction and then the epoxy rings were cleavaged to produce the hydroxyl groups by using heating at the temperature of 70 °C. HNR4 with the hydroxyl groups of 15.25% by mole was prepared from ONR4 latex with M̅n of 3.94 × 103 g/mol and M̅w of 5.06 × 103 g/mol. PLA was then blended with the obtained HNR or HNR4 with different weight ratios of PLA:HNR = 70:30 and 60:40. It was found that hydroxylated natural rubber increased the crystallinity of molded PLA sheet from 7.54% to 18.20% for molded PLA:HNR = 70:30 sheet, to 25.16% for molded PLA:HNR = 60:40 sheet and to 24.38% for molded PLA:HNR4 = 70:30 sheet. Morphological analyses revealed the appearance of co-continuous phase in the molded PLA:HNR4 = 70:30 clearer than the molded PLA:HNR = 60:40 and molded PLA:HNR = 70:30 sheets. As a result, it clarified that the higher functionality of hydroxyl groups based on lowering the molecular-weight enhanced the compatibility between PLA and HNR. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of PLA:HNR4 = 70:30 were found to be the highest tensile strength (14.46 MPa), elongation at break (13.62%) and modulus (4.10 MPa) though PLA:HNR = 60:40 gave the highest impact strength of 163.98 J/m. This was believed that the hydroxylated natural rubber enhanced the crystallinity and impact strength of PLA through the interface interaction and/or chemical bonds between hydroxyl groups of HNR and carboxyl terminal groups of PLA.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU VULKANISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BENTONITE CLAY YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN ALKANOLAMIDA DARI BAHAN BAKU RBDPKO PADA PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Friska Erdiana Tambunan ◽  
Hamidah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Amidation Reaction

The is research aims to determine the effect of vulcanization temperature and composition of bentonite clay as good filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex product. In this study, we use bentonite clay as filler and alkanolamide as compatibilizer. The material used in this study are high ammonia latex 60%, curative agents such as sulfur, ZnO, ZDEC, AO, KOH, bentonite clay and alkanolamide. Alkanolamide is synthesized from amidation reaction between Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil and diethanolamine. The methodology includes pre-vulcanizing natural rubber latex with certain formulation, then vulcanized using dipping method. The variable used in this study is filler loading, from 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram, and vulcanization time 10 minutes.  The products were then tested in order to observe its mechanical properties, FTIR characterization, SEM characterization and crosslink density. The results show that the synthesized alkanolamide possess the functional group desired. Alkanolamide modified bentonite clay loading is capable of increasing crosslink density and mechanical properties of the products. Optimum filler loading is reported on 10 gram and optimum vulcanization at 120oC.

Preparation and Properties of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Films from Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex/Chitosan Blends

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Lu ◽  
He Ping Yu ◽  
Zong Qiang Zeng ◽  
Yong Yue Luo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Chitosan Blends ◽  
Better Than

The acidfied sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber (NR) latex was mixed with 1～20 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of a 2wt% solution of chitosan (CS) in 1wt% acetic acid, then cast to preapare a series of NR/CS semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) films; the NR/CS semi-IPN films were further treated with 0.5wt% glutaraldehyde（GA）solution for respectively 1, 3 and 6h to obtain NR/CS IPN films. The mechanical properties and swelling behavours in various media of water, toluene and reference olis of IRM901 and IRM 903 of these films were studied and compared with those pure sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber latex (SNRL) film. Results showed that, NR/CS IPN films with better mechanical properties could be obained by treating the 24h-leached NR/CS semi-IPN films than by treating directly the unleached ones with 0.5wt% GA solution; the tear strength, 300% modulus, Shore A hardness, hydrophilicity and resistance to non-polar solvents and oil of the SNRL films increased with the incorporation of CS, while the NR/CS IPN films exhibited better than the NR/CS semi-IPN films, especially in tear strength enhancement; the tensile strength and elongation at break of NR/CS semi-IPN and IPN films gradually decreased with the increase in CS content. However, most of the elasticity of pure NR vulcanizate could be reserved, when the CS content was not greater than 15 phr.

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