Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol)-g-poly(butyl acrylate) copolymers

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azam ◽  
John V. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractEthylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers with different vinyl alcohol (VOH) mole % have been grafted by the carboxyl terminated poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) prepolymers by the grafting-onto method. The carboxyl terminated PBA were synthesised by solution radical polymerization using 4,4 azobis(cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA) as initiator and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as matched chain transfer agent and then converting carboxyl groups into acid chloride terminated prepolymer by reacting with oxalyl chloride. The acid chloride terminated prepolymers were reacted with EVOH copolymer backbone to synthesize graft copolymers. The graft copolymers were characterized by the Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results from these analyses confirmed the grafting of PBA side chain on to EVOH backbone. Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and x-ray diffraction studies of graft copolymers showed that the morphology of crystalline EVOH polymers has been disrupted due to grafting of amorphous PBA chains.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol)-g-poly(phenyl ethyl methacrylate) copolymers by a grafting onto method

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azam ◽  
Dawkins John V.
Keyword(s):  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymers ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Grafting Onto

AbstractGraft copolymers of poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol)-g-poly(phenyl ethyl methacrylate) copolymers were prepared by a grafting onto method in two steps. In the first step carboxyl terminated poly(phenyl ethyl methacrylate) (PPHETMA) were prepared by solution radical polymerization using 4,4-azobis(cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA) as initiator and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as matched chain transfer agent and then converting carboxyl groups into acid chloride terminated prepolymer by reacting with oxalyl chloride. In the second step acid chloride terminated prepolymers were reacted to the ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) backbone. Grafting was confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the graft copolymers were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA).

Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) by size exclusion chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meehan ◽  
S. O'Donohue ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. V. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Surface characterization of poly(lactic acid)/everolimus and poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol)/everolimus stents

Drug Delivery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Lothar Kleiner ◽  
Fuh-Wei Tang ◽  
Syed Hossainy ◽  
Martyn C. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Poly Ethylene

scholarly journals Characterization of Sorbitol Dehydrogenase SmoS fromSinorhizobium meliloti1021

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacLean G. Kohlmeier ◽  
Ben A. Bailey-Elkin ◽  
Brian L. Mark ◽  
Ivan J. Oresnik
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

AbstractSinorhizobium meliloti1021 is a Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium with a robust capacity for carbohydrate metabolism. The enzymes that facilitate these reactions assist in the survival of the bacterium across a range of environmental niches, and they may also be suitable for use in industrial processes. SmoS is a dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of the commonly occurring sugar alcohols sorbitol and galactitol into fructose and tagatose respectively using NAD+as a cofactor. The main objective of this study is to evaluate SmoS using biochemical techniques. The nucleotide sequence was codon optimized for heterologous expression inE. coliBL21 (DE3) GOLD cells, the protein was subsequently overexpressed and purified. Size exclusion chromatography and X-ray diffraction experiments suggest that SmoS is a tetrameric peptide. SmoS was crystallized to 2.1 Å in the absence of substrate and 2.0 Å in complex with sorbitol. SmoS was characterized kinetically and shown to have a preference for sorbitol despite a higher affinity for galactitol. Computational ligand docking experiments suggest that galactitol oxidation proceeds slowly because tagatose binds the protein in a more energetically favorable complex than fructose, and is retained in the active site for a longer time frame following oxidation which reduces the rate of the reaction. These results supplement the inventory of biomolecules with the potential for industrial applications and enhance our understanding of metabolism in the model organismS. meliloti.

Characterization of the sorbitol dehydrogenase SmoS from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
MacLean G. Kohlmeier ◽  
Ben A. Bailey-Elkin ◽  
Brian L. Mark ◽  
Ivan J. Oresnik
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 is a Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium with a robust capacity for carbohydrate metabolism. The enzymes that facilitate these reactions assist in the survival of the bacterium across a range of environmental niches, and they may also be suitable for use in industrial processes. SmoS is a dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of the commonly occurring sugar alcohols sorbitol and galactitol to fructose and tagatose, respectively, using NAD+ as a cofactor. The main objective of this study was to evaluate SmoS using biochemical techniques. The nucleotide sequence was codon-optimized for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Gold cells and the protein was subsequently overexpressed and purified. Size-exclusion chromatography and X-ray diffraction experiments suggest that SmoS is a tetramer. SmoS was crystallized, and crystals obtained in the absence of substrate diffracted to 2.1 Å resolution and those of a complex with sorbitol diffracted to 2.0 Å resolution. SmoS was characterized kinetically and shown to have a preference for sorbitol despite having a higher affinity for galactitol. Computational ligand-docking experiments suggest that tagatose binds the protein in a more energetically favourable complex than fructose, which is retained in the active site over a longer time frame following oxidation and reduces the rate of the reaction. These results supplement the inventory of biomolecules with potential for industrial applications and enhance the understanding of metabolism in the model organism S. meliloti.

Characterization of Z-RAFT Star Polymerization of Butyl acrylate by Size-Exclusion Chromatography

2009 ◽  
Vol 275-276 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boschmann ◽  
Rob Edam ◽  
Peter J. Schoenmakers ◽  
Philipp Vana
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

scholarly journals Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification and crystallographic analysis of a GH43 β-xylosidase fromBacillus licheniformis

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 962-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Diogo ◽  
Leticia Maria Zanphorlin ◽  
Hélia Harumi Sato ◽  
Mario Tyago Murakami ◽  
Roberto Ruller
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

β-Xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.37) catalyze the hydrolysis of short xylooligosaccharides into xylose, which is an essential step in the complete depolymerization of xylan, the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide of plant cell walls, and has great biotechnological relevance for the production of lignocellulose-based biofuels and the paper industry. In this study, a GH43 β-xylosidase identified from the bacteriumBacillus licheniformis(BlXylA) was cloned into the the pET-28a bacterial expression vector, recombinantly overexpressed inEscherichia coliBL21(DE3) cells and purified to homogeneity by metal-affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. The protein was crystallized in the presence of the organic solvent 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and a single crystal diffracted to 2.49 Å resolution. The X-ray diffraction data were indexed in the monoclinic space groupC2, with unit-cell parametersa= 152.82,b= 41.9,c= 71.79 Å, β = 91.7°. Structural characterization of this enzyme will contribute to a better understanding of the structural requirements for xylooligosaccharide specificity within the GH43 family.

High-throughput screening of the chemical composition distribution of random styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván García Romero ◽  
Harald Pasch
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Chemical Composition Distribution ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

AbstractThe development of high-throughput liquid chromatographic techniques for the analysis of styrene-butyl acrylate (SBA) copolymers is discussed. The analysis time in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be reduced to about 3 min per sample when high-throughput SEC columns and high flow rates are used. In gradient HPLC, small columns with improved separation efficiencies can be applied. The time requirements can be decreased to less than 2 min per sample. Using the high-throughput HPLC technique, the chemical composition distribution of high-conversion SBA copolymers can be analyzed in a fast and efficient way. The calibration of HPLC separation is conducted by coupling the HPLC system with FTIR through the LC-transform interface. A comparison of the chemical compositions of the copolymers obtained by 1H NMR, off-line FTIR and coupled HPLCFTIR verifies the accuracy of the high-throughput copolymer analysis approach.

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