scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Use Among Male and Female University Students: Is Inner Meaning Fulfilment Protective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Samson Femi Agberotimi ◽  
Rachel B. Asagba
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlcohol use among students in tertiary institutions has long been established as a major public health concern. Also, previous research has shown that individuals with depression are particularly susceptible to alcohol use. There is, however, a paucity of empirical studies focusing on whether this relation is moderated by gender or buffered by a sense of inner meaning fulfilment. We assessed the moderating roles of gender and inner meaning fulfilment in the relationship between depression and alcohol use among university students in Nigeria. A correlational survey design was utilized. Data were collected from 1,173 students (57% male) aged between 16 and 36 years selected across six Nigerian universities. Data were subjected to SPSS v.23 for statistical analysis. Our findings show that depression, gender, inner meaning fulfilment significantly correlated with alcohol use. The effect of depression on alcohol was positive and significant (b=.439, se=.049, p=.000). Inner meaning fulfilment significantly moderated the relationship between depression and alcohol use (b=-.163, se=.034, p=.000). Depression was established as a significant risk factor for alcohol use, regardless of gender, and inner meaning fulfilment may buffer this association. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

External Ventricular Drain Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. C. Wong ◽  
Wayne W. S. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Object The authors explored the relationship among the duration of external ventricular drainage, revision of external ventricular drains (EVDs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection to shed light on the practice of electively revising these drains. Methods In a retrospective study of 199 patients with 269 EVDs in the intensive care unit at a major trauma center in Australasia, the authors found 21 CSF infections. Acinetobacter accounted for 10 (48%) of these infections. Whereas the duration of drainage was not an independent predictor of infection, multiple insertions of EVDs was a significant risk factor. Second and third EVDs in previously uninfected patients were more likely to become infected than first EVDs. An EVD infection was initially identified a mean of 5.5 ±0.7 days postinsertion (standard error of the mean); these data—that is, the number of days—were normally distributed. Conclusions This pattern of infection is best explained by EVD-associated CSF infections being acquired by the introduction of bacteria on insertion of the drain rather than by subsequent retrograde colonization. Elective EVD revision would be expected to increase infection rates in light of these results, and thus the practice has been abandoned by the authors' institution.

scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Delgado-Lobete ◽  
Rebeca Montes-Montes ◽  
Alba Vila-Paz ◽  
José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño ◽  
Berta Gándara-Gafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
University Students ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Relationship

Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.

Using Human Rights Law to Progress Alcohol Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare SLATTERY
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol control has long been recognised as a public health concern. Recent years have also seen increased recognition of the relationship between alcohol control and the human rights agenda. However, fragmentation exists in key global governance instruments over the role alcohol control plays as a human rights priority. The relative success of tobacco control illustrates how utilisation of agendas beyond public health can mobilise action.

scholarly journals Level of Awareness, Perception And Uptake Of Interventions For Computer Vision Syndrome Among University Students, Maseno, Western Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Muma ◽  
Dickens Omondi Aduda ◽  
Patrick Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
University Students ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Computer Vision Syndrome ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Computer vision syndrome is a multi-factorial condition of the eye that results in symptoms of stress and discomfort among computer users. It causes chronic vision-related morbidity and reduced work productivity. Ninety percent and 75% of computer users globally and in Africa respectively suffer from CVS. It is an insidious chronic condition that however, has hitherto received little attention, both by health providers as well as computer users. Also, it is likely to be under diagnosed as it mimics other eye conditions. The risk factors for CVS include prolonged period of electronic device use and glare. In Kenya, lack of awareness of the disease is a key barrier to early detection, health seeking and use of interventions. The burden of CVS and how much computer users in learning institutions are aware of and perceive CVS remains unknown.Methods This study adopted cross-sectional study design to determine the level of awareness, perception of CVS, uptake of preventive measures by students at Maseno University. In total, we administered questionnaires to 384 randomly selected students.Results The mean age was 19.5 years (SD= 0.747) with 18-24 years as the modal age group. Females comprised 51.3% (n=197) and males 48.7%. Participants who had at least 5 symptoms of CVS were 60.4% (n= 232). Awareness level was classified as low in 47.8%; medium level in 38.2% and high level in 13.8% of respondents . Sixty percent of respondents did not perceive CVS as an issue of public health concern compared to 39.8% who perceived CVS as an issue of public health concern ( p=0.001). In terms of precautionary measures, only duration of computer use (46.2%, p = 0.001 ) were practiced. The study results show that at least 3 out of 5 students have at least five symptoms of CVS, whereas awareness of the disease and related risks remain low.Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that CVS is a less recognized health concern among university students. Consequently, screening for the disease sensitization of students on CVS and awareness campaigns to improve early recognition and diagnosis of disease as well as uptake of interventions is recommended.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES BUCAIS DE PACIENTES OBESOS

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Farias Santos ◽  
Rosane Borges Dias ◽  
Roberta Catapano Naves ◽  
Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti ◽  
Érica Del Peloso Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Professional ◽  
Oral Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades, becoming a public health concern because this condition is a risk factor for the development of several systemic diseases. It can also be related to oral conditions such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Since obesity may influence the oral health of individuals, seeking to clarify the relationship between them is of great interest to health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral conditions of obese individuals. The sample consisted of 30 obese non-smokers, systemically healthy, who had not received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months or used antibiotics and / or inflammatory in the last 3 months. The complete periodontal clinical examination, DMFT Index and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed. The morning breath of the subjects was also made using the Halimeter®. Periodontitis was found in 80%, of the population,the mean DMFT was 14.73, the average visible plaque index, gingival index were 43.69% and 51, 87%, respectively. Given these results, it is clear the importance of dental professional should work as a promoter of health for the population studied.

scholarly journals Healthcare Communication Role in the Detection of Unhealthy Behavior in University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Razan Alarnous ◽  
Aida Albasalah ◽  
Samar Alshawwa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Healthcare Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aims to identify unhealthy behaviors among university students, establish means of detection of unhealthy behavior, identify obstacles to digital volunteering, and explore the relationship between volunteer preferred style of volunteering and the obstacles to volunteering. Data for the study was gathered by administering an unstructured, anonymous questionnaire to 207 female university students and staff. The survey design included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, views on different facets of volunteering, unhealthy behaviors, and correlation between volunteering and unhealthy behaviors. The results revealed unhealthy behavior detected by the respondents (51.7%). Twenty-eight (13.5%) of the 207 respondents reported using social media in detecting women with offending behavior. The value of Pearson’s R is 0.245; thus, it is considered as weak or no correlation. There is hence no correlation between how respondents preferred volunteer work and the obstacle to volunteering. There is not much difference in the obstacles to volunteering faced by respondents despite their preferred style of volunteering. The findings reveal that digital volunteering effectively gains ground in detecting and managing unhealthy behaviors among university students. Much more could be achieved through digital volunteering if more awareness is created and volunteering programs are designed to be more interesting and less time-consuming to allow more students to participate.

Psychological Maltreatment and Loneliness in Adolescents: Social Ostracism and Affective Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110404
Author(s):  
Gökmen Arslan ◽  
Murat Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Social Ostracism ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological maltreatment is an important public health concern that has been linked with a variety of negative psychosocial consequences and adjustment problems in childhood to adulthood. The purpose of the current study sought to explore the direct and indirect associations between psychological maltreatment, social ostracism, affective experiences, and loneliness among high school Turkish adolescents. Participants were comprised of 791 adolescents attending three public high schools in Turkey. Students were mostly male with a mean age of 16.35 ( SD = 1.09) years. Findings from the analyses indicated that social ostracism mediated the relationship between psychological maltreatment and both positive and negative affective experiences. Social ostracism and affective experiences mediated the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness. Results of the present study suggest that social ostracism and affective experiences are important mechanisms that may help to understand the impacts of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness.

Alcohol-related problems among college and university students in Norway: extent of the problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481986351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Heradstveit ◽  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Geir Scott Brunborg ◽  
Kari Jussi Lønning ◽  
Børge Sivertsen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Full Time ◽  
College And University ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Aims: The aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the distribution of alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college and university students. We also sought to examine trends in the distribution of alcohol-related problems from 2010 to 2018. Methods: Data stem from a recent national health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study) in which 50,054 full-time students (69.1% women; 30.9% men) aged 18–35 years participated. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess potential alcohol-related problems. Data on demographic characteristics were also collected. Results: More than half of the male students (52.8%) and 4 out of 10 of the female students (40.1%) reported risky, harmful or dependent alcohol use. Compared to women, men had an increased risk of risky alcohol use (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.57), harmful alcohol use (RRR = 2.45) and dependent alcohol use (RRR = 2.73). Younger students had higher rates of risky and harmful alcohol use compared with older students, while rates of dependent alcohol use were similar across the age span. Several demographic variables were associated with alcohol use. The trend analyses revealed that the rates of risky, harmful and dependent alcohol use, as well as mean AUDIT scores, among the students have remained relatively stable over the past 8 years. Conclusions: Alcohol use remains an important health concern among Norwegian college and university students, and the present study confirms the high rates of alcohol-related problems, and the need to address the issue within this population.

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