How to begin a sequel?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Péter Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Information ◽  
General Description ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Fictional Narratives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fictional Worlds ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Formal Feature

AbstractBeginnings of fictional narratives apply various strategies to introduce their readers to the represented world, and even if they select a starting point in the flow of events as definitive, they tend to tell something about how the starting situation has been constituted by earlier events and circumstances. Some literary genres represent fictional worlds so different from the readers’ that a general description of the former is also needed in the beginning. A sequel may seem free of the burden of a descriptive introductory beginning, since readers (if they have read the previous work or works) have sufficient information to be able to cope with in medias res beginning. However, long series of many sequels have to be accessible for new readers as well, therefore they offer introductions for a double audience. The paper analyses several beginnings from Terry Pratchett’s Discworld novels. I show how the early novels use the description of the Discworld as a formal feature to begin the narrative; those descriptions fulfil the double purpose of introducing new readers and entertaining the trained ones by new ways of elaboration and adding some new traits.

Tests of transmission of cynodon white leaf phytoplasma to sugarcane and maize in northern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Blanche ◽  
L. Tran-Nguyen ◽  
K. S. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
White Leaf Disease

Cynodon white leaf disease is associated with cynodon white leaf phytoplasma in Cynodon dactylon growing in Darwin, Northern Territory. In order to effectively assess and manage the risk to agricultural crops posed by this phytoplasma, it is necessary to establish whether there is an insect species capable of transmitting it from C.�dactylon to grasses like Saccharum spp. hybrids and Zea mays. We used field and cage trials to investigate transmission of cynodon white leaf phytoplasma in these grasses. No transmission of the phytoplasma occurred in any of the trials, even to C. dactylon, the known host, and the phytoplasma did not persist in the potential leafhopper vector, Chiasmus varicolor. These results suggest that C. varicolor is not a vector of cynodon white leaf phytoplasma and that some requirement for successful transmission was not met in our field trials. We do not have sufficient information to determine whether transmission to Saccharum spp. hybrids or Z. mays is possible. Our study demonstrates the techniques that can be applied to this problem and provides a starting point for further investigation using different transmission conditions and insect species.

Software Tools Used in Math Refresher Courses at the University of Alcalá, Spain

2012 ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
J.G. Alcázar ◽  
M. Marvá ◽  
D. Orden ◽  
F. San Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Software System ◽  
General Description ◽  
Software Suite ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

We describe our experience of using the following mathematical tools: an e-learning platform (Moodle), several components of the WIRIS software suite for mathematics education (the formula editor, WIRIS CAS, and WIRIS-Quizzes), the dynamical geometry package GeoGebra, the computational knowledge engine Wolfram Alpha, and the mathematics software system SAGE. Our aim in this chapter is two-fold: on the one hand, we report the use of these tools in Math refresher courses. On the other, we provide sufficient information about them for readers to decide on the usefulness of these tools in their own particular context (maybe different from that of a refresher course). More specifically, for each tool we give a general description, some comments on its use in Math refresher courses, and a list of (general) advantages and drawbacks.

La novela corta en conflicto: Cinco ensayos alrededor de la incertidumbre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Juan Rulfo ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Novela Corta ◽  
Roberto Bolano ◽  
The Way

Literary genres are elusive; we cannot pretend to pass through them, attributing one classification or another to literary works; but they are useful, especially now that we are beyond the rigid conceptions of gender inherited from traditional studies. The reader has in his hands a serious analysis, documented, that approaches literary works from the category of the short novel without imposing absolute visions, precisely because its starting point is that it is the genre of uncertainty. Mariano Azuela, Juan Rulfo, Rodolfo Walsh, Julio Cortázar, Roberto Bolaño, Juan Pablo Villalobos, are some of the memorable writers of short novels that have given a particular profile and destiny to the genre in Latin America. Raquel Velasco studies these authors to cast a new light on the way these works exist in a convulsive and chaotic world.

The Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Al Wazzan
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Vertical Positioning

Abstract The visibility of anterior tooth surfaces with lips at rest or during function is an important factor in determining prosthodontic outcome. There is a lack of sufficient information published on this subject. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth surfaces when the lips are at rest. Four hundred seventy three adults were examined. All the subjects had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth present with no caries, restorations, severe attrition, mobility, extrusion, or obvious deformities. The portions of anterior teeth that were visible were measured vertically using a Boley gauge from the border of the lip to the incisal edge for the incisors and to the cusp tip for the canines. The measurement was taken at the midpoint of the tooth when the lips and lower jaw were at the rest position. The length of the upper lip was measured from the base of the columella to the tip of the philtrum at the midline of the face. Males showed more of the maxillary lateral, canine, and mandibular anterior teeth than females. With increasing age, the amount of maxillary anterior teeth that was visible at rest decreased. The subjects with shorter upper lips displayed more maxillary central incisor structure than those with longer upper lips. Racial differences were not found. The amount of visible portions of anterior teeth is determined by muscle positions that vary from person to another. It provides an excellent starting point for vertical positioning anterior teeth that can be modified as necessary in any clinical situation. The findings of this study should help the dentist in providing aesthetic prosthodontic treatment that involves replacement of anterior teeth. A useful guideline for positioning anterior teeth is suggested. Citation Al Wazzan KA. The Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:053-062.

Dialogicality and ethics

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Negative Capability ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Theory Of Literature ◽  
Genuine Communication

Now that linguists are beginning to see an element of dialogicality in all language use, there is more scope for a humanized dialogue analysis with ameliorative goals. This can divide its labour between a communicational criticism dealing with the ethics of address, and a mediating criticism dealing with the ethics of response. In the present article, I outline the distinctive features of such an approach, and by sketching a communicational theory of literature (cf. Sell 2000) draw particular attention to the dialogicality arising between literary writers and their audience. From this starting-point, I then examine instances of four different literary genres for the light they can throw on the general ethics of address. Key terms here are “genuine communication”, by which I mean any manner of communication which respects the autonomy of the human other, and “negative capability”, defined by Keats (1954 [1817]: 53) as the capability of “being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason”.

scholarly journals Creating Value in the Entrepreneurial University: Marketization and Merchandising Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Chiara Fantauzzi ◽  
Rocco Frondizi ◽  
Nathalie Colasanti ◽  
Gloria Fiorani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Competitive Funding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Students As Customers

Higher education institutions are called to expand their role and responsibilities, by enhancing their entrepreneurial mindset and redefining relationships with stakeholders. In order to cope with these new challenges, they have started to operate in a strategic manner, by performing marketing and merchandising activities. Indeed, in a sector characterized by the presence of competitive funding models, several forms of accountability, and performance indicators, universities have become open systems and have started to operate like enterprises, considering students as customers. Given this premise, the aim of the paper is to individuate marketing and merchandising strategies in higher education and to evaluate their effectiveness in order to foster stakeholders engagement. This is in line with the entrepreneurial university model that represents the starting point of the theoretical study, then a literature review of “marketization” in higher education institutions is presented, showing how this field is not yet completely investigated. Data refer to the Italian context and are analyzed through a qualitative method. Findings suggest that most Italian universities perform merchandising strategies, but currently there is not sufficient information to evaluate their effectiveness in higher education, it was only possible to make hypotheses.

The Scope of International Relations

1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The Moment ◽  
In The Beginning

Four able and penetrating writers have recently given us their considered views on the nature and scope of international relations as a branch of higher learning.* While each of them starts from a somewhat different intellectual viewpoint, they display a striking similarity of conception of the general place of international relations (hereafter referred to as IR) in the spectrum of human knowledge. I propose here, not to subject these writings to critical scrutiny, but to use them as a starting point for a brief inspection of the scope of international relations as it now seems to be taking form in the work of the leading scholars in the field.It is necessary to note in the beginning that “scope” is a dangerously ambiguous word. It suggests that the subject matter under inquiry has clearly discernible limits, and that all one has to do in defining its scope is to trace out these boundaries in much the manner of a surveyor marking out the bounds of a piece of real property. Actually, it is nothing of the sort. A field of knowledge does not possess a fixed extension in space but is a constantly changing focus of data and methods that happen at the moment to be useful in answering an identifiable set of questions. It presents at any given time different aspects to different observers, depending on their point of view and purpose. The boundaries that supposedly divide one field of knowledge from another are not fixed walls between separate cells of truth but are convenient devices for arranging known facts and methods in manageable segments for instruction and practice. But the foci of interest are constantly shifting and these divisions tend to change with them, although more slowly because mental habits alter slowly and the vested interests of the intellectual world are as resistant to change as those of the social world.

scholarly journals Writing About a Woman Writer’s Writing: On Gender Identification(s) and Being a Male Critic of Carol Shields’s Work

Text Matters ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Alex Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Women's Fiction ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Female Author ◽  
Reading Patterns

This essay takes as its starting point my experience as a male critic of Carol Shields's work. Throughout the researching and writing of my PhD on Shields, I have noted with curiosity the surprise registered by many people upon discovering that a male critic would choose to write about the work of a female author. This reaction, confirmed by other male academics working on female authors, raises a number of interesting questions. What does it mean for a male critic to write about the work of a female author? Why is this still considered surprising, unusual, even strange? Is this view symptomatic of the kind of disturbing devaluation of women's fiction (and of women's experience generally) that Shields herself explores so candidly in her final novel Unless (2002)? I suggest that the anti-feminist backlash (outlined by Faludi [1991]), and the profitable establishment of popular literary genres such as "Chick Lit" and "Lad Lit," have led to a retrogressive "hardening" of gender roles within popular culture, one which endorses a simplistic relationship between author and audience, presuming that texts "by" women must necessarily be "for" women only. Situated within the context of Shields's own professed ambivalence about her status as a "women's writer," and drawing on the theories of Emma Wilson, the essay attempts to broaden out into a wider reflection upon issues of gender and identification within contemporary literary culture. Shields's work, I argue, subverts assumptions about gendered reading patterns, encouraging through its polyphony and its use of dual narrators a mobile and flexible reading experience which allows the reader to inhabit a range of perspectives and to read productively across gender binaries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document