scholarly journals Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Nora Polláková ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Jerzy Jonczak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Introduced Trees

Abstract The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

scholarly journals Subsoil microbial community responses to air exposure and legume growth depend on soil properties across different depths

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Yan ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jiamin Gao ◽  
Ziheng Peng ◽  
Weimin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Legume Growth

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbance, such as agricultural and architectural activities, can greatly influence belowground soil microbes, and thus soil formation and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to investigate microbial community variation in deep soils affected by strong disturbances. In present study, twelve soil samples were collected from different depths (0–300 cm) and placed onto the surface. We investigated the structure variation of the microbial community down through the soil profiles in response to disturbance originated by legume plants (robinia and clover) cultivation vs. plant-free controls. The high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that microbial α-diversity decreased with depth, and that growing both plants significantly impacted the diversity in the topsoil. The soil profile was clustered into three layers: I (0–40 cm), II (40–120 cm), and III (120–300 cm); with significantly different taxa found among them. Soil properties explained a large amount of the variation (23.5%) in the microbial community, and distinct factors affected microbial assembly in the different layers, e.g., available potassium in layer I, pH and total nitrogen in layer II, pH and organic matter in layer III. The prediction of metabolic functions and oxygen requirements indicated that the number of aerobic bacteria increased with more air exposure, which may further accelerate the transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and pesticides in the soil. The diversity of soil microorganisms followed a depth-decay pattern, but became higher following legume growth and air exposure, with notable abundance variation of several important bacterial species, mainly belonging to Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes, and soil properties occurring across the soil profiles.

scholarly journals THE MODIFICATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOME CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND CORRELATION BETWEEN SOME OF THE SOIL COMPACTATION INDICATORS AND YIELDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Raus ◽  
G. Jitareanu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Crop Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Optimal crop rooting soil physical conditions are a result of complex interactions between soil strength and oxygen and water supply to plant roots. Spatial/temporal variability in soil properties can be critical in the evaluation of the effects of tillage management practice on soil and crop parameters. In this paper tillage were evaluated for theirs effects on soil physical and hydrological properties. Tillage treatments were plough to 20 cm, plough to 30 cm, chisel and disc harrow applied to wheat in to been/ wheat/ maize rotation. The experiments have been conducted in the Didactic Station of the USAMV – Iasi, Ezăreni Farm, during the period between 2002-2004, on a cambic chernozem with 3,4 % humus and pH 7. Tillage system modify, at least temporarily, some of the physical properties of soil, such as soil bulk density, penetration resistance, soil porosity and soil structural stability. Hydraulic properties of the soil did not differ significantly. All the tillage operation was significantly different in their effects on soil properties.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH DI DUSUN KEKAWII III DESA RANDOTONDA KECAMATAN ENDE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastianus Kuswara ◽  
Charly Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Soil Clay

Evaluation soil fertility in dusun kekawii III randotonda Village, Ende District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the physical properties of the soil and the level of suitability of the land in Kekawii III hamlet, Randotonda village, Ende District, Ende Regency. Research is exploratory research, by evaluating physical properties, the evaluation results are described and compared with the standard physical properties of existing soil. The results of the study show that the soil properties in Kekawii III Hamlet are the soil texture of the sandy soil, clay. In structures, the types that exist are rounded lumps, lumpy angles, granular structures. On the color of the land dominated by Dark brown, Very dark gray, Very dark grayish brown. The consistency of land, it can be seen that these lands have a consistency that is sticky, plastic, loose, soft. The pH of the soil ranges from 4.2-6.4 and the slope ranges from 5% - 12%

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of water-physical properties of irrigated soils of the Trans-Urals in the analysis of the main hydrophysical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
I.V. Komissarova ◽  
A.V. Chelovechkova ◽  
N.V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Soil Stratum ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Water-physical properties of soils are a set of soil properties that determine the accumulation, preservation and water transfer in the soil stratum. One of the important indicators of water-physical properties are soil-hydrological constants. These indicators can be used in forecasting yield, calculating the irrigation rate. The determination of soil-hydrological constants is a rather laborious process. In this article, we propose to obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of the main hydrophysical characteristics. This technique allows to analyze the data and obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of granulometric composition. The conducted studies have shown that the use of uncontrolled irrigation has led to the transformation of water-physical properties, the content of easily mobile, productive and gravitational moisture has decreased. When modeling the MHC curve, a change in the shape on the graphs can be noted.

scholarly journals Diagnostic role of soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Aggregate Composition

For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.

Phomopsis juniperivora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Thuja Orientalis

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis juniperivora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of conifers, including Juniperus ashei, J. horizontalis var. douglasii, J. japonica, J. scopulorum, J. chinensis, J. virginiana, J. communis, J. sabina var. tamariscifolia, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, C. thyoides, Cupressus macrocarpa, C. arizonica, C. lusitanica, C. sempervirens, C. torulosa, Cryptomeriajaponica, Thuja orientalis, Larix decidua, Pinus banksiana, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Cephalotaxus drupacea, Abies spp., Taxus baccata. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: N. America (USA, Canada), Europe (UK, France, Denmark), Africa (Kenya, South Africa, Mozambique), Australasia and Oceania (New Zealand). TRANSMISSION: By airborne conidia produced in pycnidia on diseased tissues, liberated by a splash take-off mechanism.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Hydro-Physical Properties and SOM Due to Pine Afforestation and Grazing in Andean Environments Cannot Be Generalized

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Marín ◽  
Carlos Dahik ◽  
Giovanny Mosquera ◽  
Jan Feyen ◽  
Pedro Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Impact

Andean ecosystems provide important ecosystem services including streamflow regulation and carbon sequestration, services that are controlled by the water retention properties of the soils. Even though these soils have been historically altered by pine afforestation and grazing, little research has been dedicated to the assessment of such impacts at local or regional scales. To partially fill this knowledge gap, we present an evaluation of the impacts of pine plantations and grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties and soil organic matter (SOM) of high montane forests and páramo in southern Ecuador, at elevations varying between 2705 and 3766 m a.s.l. In total, seven study sites were selected and each one was parceled into undisturbed and altered plots with pine plantation and grazing. Soil properties were characterized at two depths, 0–10 and 10–25 cm, and differences in soil parameters between undisturbed and disturbed plots were analyzed versus factors such as ecosystem type, sampling depth, soil type, elevation, and past/present land management. The main soil properties affected by land use change are the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), the water retention capacity (pF 0 to 2.52), and SOM. The impacts of pine afforestation are dependent on sampling depth, ecosystem type, plantation characteristics, and previous land use, while the impacts of grazing are primarily dependent on sampling depth and land use management (grazing intensity and tilling activities). The site-specific nature of the found relations suggests that extension of findings in response to changes in land use in montane Andean ecosystems is risky; therefore, future evaluations of the impact of land use change on soil parameters should take into consideration that responses are or can be site specific.

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