scholarly journals Variation in glomalin in soil profiles and its association with climatic conditions, shelterbelt characteristics, and soil properties in poplar shelterbelts of Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Zhaoliang Zhong ◽  
Huimei Wang ◽  
Yujie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Profiles

High resolution soil hydrology maps as a decision tool for forest planning.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Gadermaier ◽  
Vanessa Färber ◽  
Klaus Klebinder ◽  
Klaus Katzensteiner
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

<p>High resolution, dynamic forest site classification is an innovative tool for decision making in forest management, in particular under the scope of climate change. For a high share of the Austrian forest area, forest soil/site maps are lacking, and, if available, they do not account for the fact that water, energy and nutrient supply may change over a forest rotation cycle. The project FORSITE aims at providing a dynamic site classification system for the Austrian province of Styria, covering 1 mio. hectares of forest area. High resolution maps of chemical and physical soil properties are a key requirement for describing water and nutrient supply, and for modelling scenarios of changing climatic conditions or the effects of management interventions. In order to provide the database for the creation of such maps, a stratified site description and soil sampling design was based on high resolution digital terrain models and lithological maps. The sampling  included a detailed description of 1,800 soil pits down to a minimum of 80 cm depth or solid bedrock. Chemical and physical soil parameters (e.g. carbon content, grain size, bulk density, stone content) were determined for samples of the forest floor and up to five geometric horizons of 400 soil profiles. In addition, geologists developed a subsolum geological substrate (SGS) map describing the parent material for soil formation down to a depth of 150 cm. In the current presentation, we describe the steps of modelling maps which support the estimation of the water balance of forest sites. A first step was the development of pedotransfer-functions (PTFs) in order to upscale soil parameters like soil organic carbon content, bulk density, grain size distribution and plant available water storage capacity determined in the laboratory a. to the 1800 field sites and b. to a 10*10 m resolution grid for the whole of Styria. Subsequently, a number of published PTFs for Mualem van Genuchten values based on soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content were compared to 100 water retention curves which were determined on a subset of the FORSITE soil profiles. These values are required for the parametrization of the lumped parameter hydrological model (Brook 90) which is used to characterize the water supply under present and future climatic conditions. The regionalisation of the single point measurements from the profiles was performed with a Neural Network. Spatial maps SGSs and derivatives of the Digital Elevation Model such as slope, elevation and curvature served as predictors. Information on SGS improves the predictions of soil properties in comparison to standard standard geological maps, because it describes in more detail the relevant layer between soil and bedrock. As Neural Networks were insufficient for describing waterlogging and groundwater influence, random forest models were applied to a dataset comprised of the ForSite profiles and 4,000 soil profiles from agricultural soil surveys in the region. The resulting high resolution maps of soil properties form the base for the hydrological characterisation of the sites and for the calculation of climate change scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals Subsoil microbial community responses to air exposure and legume growth depend on soil properties across different depths

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Yan ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jiamin Gao ◽  
Ziheng Peng ◽  
Weimin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Legume Growth

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbance, such as agricultural and architectural activities, can greatly influence belowground soil microbes, and thus soil formation and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to investigate microbial community variation in deep soils affected by strong disturbances. In present study, twelve soil samples were collected from different depths (0–300 cm) and placed onto the surface. We investigated the structure variation of the microbial community down through the soil profiles in response to disturbance originated by legume plants (robinia and clover) cultivation vs. plant-free controls. The high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that microbial α-diversity decreased with depth, and that growing both plants significantly impacted the diversity in the topsoil. The soil profile was clustered into three layers: I (0–40 cm), II (40–120 cm), and III (120–300 cm); with significantly different taxa found among them. Soil properties explained a large amount of the variation (23.5%) in the microbial community, and distinct factors affected microbial assembly in the different layers, e.g., available potassium in layer I, pH and total nitrogen in layer II, pH and organic matter in layer III. The prediction of metabolic functions and oxygen requirements indicated that the number of aerobic bacteria increased with more air exposure, which may further accelerate the transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and pesticides in the soil. The diversity of soil microorganisms followed a depth-decay pattern, but became higher following legume growth and air exposure, with notable abundance variation of several important bacterial species, mainly belonging to Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes, and soil properties occurring across the soil profiles.

scholarly journals How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Pius Yoram Kavana ◽  
Ephraim J. Mtengeti ◽  
Anthony Sangeda ◽  
Christopher Mahonge ◽  
Robert Fyumagwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands

The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.

scholarly journals Relationship between Wetland Plant Communities and Environmental Factors in the Tumen River Basin in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zheng ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Noelikanto Ramamonjisoa ◽  
Weihong Zhu ◽  
Chunguang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Tumen River ◽  
Wetland Plant Communities

Understanding what controls wetland vegetation community composition is vital to conservation and biodiversity management. This study investigates the factors that affect wetland plant communities and distribution in the Tumen River Basin, Northeast China, an internationally important wetland for biodiversity conservation. We recorded floristic composition of herbaceous plants, soil properties, and microclimatic variables in 177, 1 × 1 m2 quadrats at 45 sites, located upstream (26), midstream (12), and downstream (7) of the Basin. We used TWINSPAN to define vegetation communities and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between environmental and biological factors within the wetland plant communities. We recorded 100 plant species from 93 genera and 40 families in the upstream, 100 plant species from 57 genera and 31 families in the midstream, and 85 plant species from 76 genera and 38 families in the downstream. Higher species richness was recorded upstream of the River Basin. The plant communities and distribution were influenced by elevation, soil properties (total potassium, pH, and available phosphorus), and microclimate variables (surface temperature, precipitation, average temperature, sunshine hours, and relative humidity). More than any other factor, according to our results, elevation strongly influenced the structure of wetland plant communities. These findings support prevailing models describing the distribution of wetland plants along environmental gradients. The determination of the relationship between soil and plants is a useful way to better understand the ecosystem condition and can help manage the wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Diagnosing the Climatic and Agronomic Dimensions of Rain-Fed Oat Yield Gaps and Their Restrictions in North and Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Jiangang Liu ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Gaps

Confronted with the great challenges of globally growing populations and food shortages, society must achieve future food security by increasing grain output and narrowing the gap between potential yields and farmers’ actual yields. This study attempts to diagnose the climatic and agronomic dimensions of oat yield gaps and further to explore their restrictions. A conceptual framework was put forward to analyze the different dimensions of yield gaps and their limiting factors. We quantified the potential yield (Yp), attainable yield (Yt), experimental yield (Ye), and farmers’ actual yield (Ya) of oat, and evaluated three levels of yield gaps in a rain-fed cropping system in North and Northeast China (NC and NEC, respectively). The results showed that there were great differences in the spatial distributions of the four kinds of yields and three yield gaps. The average yield gap between Yt and Ye (YG-II) was greater than the yield gap between Yp and Yt (YG-I). The yield gap between Ye and Ya (YG-III) was the largest among the three yield gaps at most sites, which indicated that farmers have great potential to increase their crop yields. Due to non-controllable climatic conditions (e.g., light and temperature) for obtaining Yp, reducing YG-I is extremely difficult. Although YG-II could be narrowed through enriching soil nutrients, it is not easy to improve soil quality in the short term. In contrast, narrowing YG-III is the most feasible for farmers by means of introducing high-yield crop varieties and optimizing agronomic managements (e.g., properly adjusting sowing dates and planting density). This study figured out various dimensions of yield gaps and investigated their limiting factors, which should be helpful to increase farmers’ yields and regional crop production, as long as these restrictions are well addressed.

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