Export Product Concentration and De Facto Fiscal Space: Does Openness to International Trade matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170092
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Export Product

This paper investigates the relationship between trade and fiscal space by examining whether export product concentration matters for fiscal space, in particular the “De Facto Fiscal Space”. The analysis relies on a panel dataset comprising 145 countries, including both developed and developing countries over the period 1984–2010. The empirical results suggest that on average, countries with a high level of export product concentration tend to experience a greater fiscal space. In particular, the impact of export concentration on fiscal space depends on countries’ level of development, and is higher, the lower the countries’ level of development. In addition, the positive impact of export concentration on fiscal space is higher, the higher the countries’ degree of openness to international trade.

Impact of export product concentration on social protection expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-669
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Export Product Diversification

PurposeThis study investigates empirically the impact of export product concentration (or diversification) on social protection expenditure in both developed and developing countries. The analysis further explores whether this effect depends on countries' degree of openness to international trade.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis has relied on an unbalanced panel data set comprising 112 countries over the period 1980–2010 and used the two-step system generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimator as the econometric approach.FindingsThe empirical analysis conveys two messages. First, low-income countries experience a positive effect of export product concentration on social protection expenditure, while for relatively advanced economies, export product diversification positively influences social protection expenditure. Second, countries that further open up their economies to international trade experience a positive effect of export product diversification on social protection expenditure, with the magnitude of this impact increasing as the degree of openness rises.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings highlight the relevance of export product diversification for social protection expenditure in both developed and developing countries, notably in the context of greater trade openness.Practical implicationsThe diversification of export products is one means for developed and developing countries alike to increase the scope for social protection expenditure.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this topic had not been addressed.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

scholarly journals THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND PERFORMANCE: A CASE IN VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN HOANG THUY BICH TRAM ◽  
TRAN THI THUY LINH ◽  
TON NU NHAT MINH
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper considers the international trade effect in the relationship between financial leverage and firm performance. It find out the answer to whether the impact of the financial leverage on internationally - oriented firms are stronger than on domestically – oriented ones. The paper use ordinary least squares, two - stage least squares and generalized method of moments to analyze data sample consisting of 107 enterprises in the period 2007-2015. Research results show that the international trade affects negatively the relationship between financial leverage and performance in Vietnamese firms. The effect of financial leverage in internationally - oriented firms are more than in domestically – oriented firms. Besides, other factors such as Vietnam’s interest rate, firm age, and firm size also affect negatively on firms’ performance. However, economic growth factor has a positive impact on the increase of assets’ return. In addition, the research points out that the large scale of business will offset the negative effects of financial leverage on performance.

Debt–performance relationship and firms' international trade activities

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Forte ◽  
Andreia Botelho
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Engagement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study examines the influence of firm's international trade activities on the relationship between debt and firm's performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a sample of 8,343 Portuguese manufacturing firms between 2010 and 2017 and resorts to a random effects model.FindingsResults suggest that international engagement can have a moderating effect on the relationship between debt and a company's performance. In fact, results indicate that the impact of debt on performance is less negative for companies involved in international trade activities (either importing, exporting or both) than for purely domestic firms. Furthermore, results also suggest that the level of international involvement is relevant; importing activities are those that contribute most toward a positive impact.Originality/valueThe work extends the existing literature by considering various types of international trade activities.

Aid and Global Poverty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Feeny ◽  
Mark McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Data

This article examines the relationship between foreign aid and poverty in developing countries, with the goal of determining whether donor governments are motivated and actively set out to reduce poverty in developing countries through the provision of aid but with the impact of aid on poverty reduction. It begins with an overview of the aid and poverty record based on global data from the 1980s onward, with particular emphasis on Official Development Assistance (ODA). It then considers the analytics of aid and poverty before reviewing the relevant literature, including studies that address the impact of aid on growth and growth elasticity of poverty. The article argues that aid has had a marginally positive impact on poverty reduction in developing countries, and that poverty would be slightly higher without it.

scholarly journals Gender and Feminist Considerations in Artificial Intelligence From a Developing-World Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShailendraIndia Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

scholarly journals The Relationship between External Financial Flows and Economic Growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): The Role of Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapingura Forget Mingiri ◽  
S.I Ikhide ◽  
A Tsegaye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between external financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the SADC region for the period from 1980 to 2009 specifically looking at the role played by institutions. The majority of countries in the SADC region are experiencing low levels of savings, which has led to them relying more on external financial flows to bridge the gap between domestic demand for finance and domestic supply. However the relationship between external finance and economic growth is still a contentious issue. Given this, the study has thus examined the link between growth and external finance in the region, specifically focusing on the impact of the different forms of external financial flows on economic growth in the region incorporating the role played by institutions. The empirical results revealed that three types of external financial flows have a significant impact on economic growth in the SADC region except ODA; however when all the different types of external financial flows were interacted with the measure of institutions, they all become significant and more enhanced in explaining economic growth in the region. This supports the hypothesis that good institutions are necessary in promoting economic growth in developing countries. The empirical results also suggest that foreign capital is another channel through which a crisis in developing countries can be transmitted to the SADC region.

scholarly journals Estimating the Effect of the Internet on International Trade in Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This paper assesses the relationship between the Internet and international trade in services. While there are similarities and discriminating differences between trade in services and goods, it is widely believed that the recent rapid internet penetration has benefitted trade in services more than trade in goods. The study carries out an empirical assessment of the contribution of the internet to services export and import for a total of 63 developed and developing countries over the period of 2000-2014. As most explanatory variables are likely to be jointly endogenous with services export and import, we run GMM regressions developed for dynamic panel data. </em><em></em></p><p><em>Our results are, in general, consistent with the previous findings that growth in internet users and GDP as well as measures of trade openness all has positive impact on services export and import. For instance, a</em><em> </em><em>1% increase in internet users in the partner countries leads to 0.27% and 0.08% increase in services export and import, respectively, in the combined group of reporting countries. </em><em>The impact of </em><em>internet on services export appear larger for developed countries, 0.52%, and insignificant for developing countries. The estimated coefficients of population appear significant while carry unexpected signs. Finally, the real effective exchange rate is significant for the services import only</em><em>. </em><em></em></p>

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