scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

scholarly journals Gender and Feminist Considerations in Artificial Intelligence From a Developing-World Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShailendraIndia Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

scholarly journals Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Aly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The entire world is now witnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is indeed altering the lives of the many in both developing and developed countries. Massive digital transformations are affecting the economies of those countries and are bringing with them many promised merits, as well as many challenges to face. This paper aims to examine the relationship between digital transformation (as a one facet of the fourth revolution and AI trends) on one side, and economic development, labor productivity and employment on the other side. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes different indices of digital transformation, and then uses the Digital Evolution Index (DEI) to study those relationships in a group of developing countries using feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS). Findings The results show a positive relationship between the digital transformation index and economic development, labor productivity and job employment. Females seem to gain more from digital transformation compared to males, as suggested by the positive relation with the first and the insignificant relation with the latter. The relationship with vulnerable employment is not significant; more evidence is still needed to judge whether digital transformation will have an impact upon the vulnerable employees in the economy. Research limitations/implications The paper focused on the impact of digital transformation upon total aggregate employment. Future research is still needed to examine the impact upon the structure of the labor market and the shift of occupations. Originality/value The paper aims to add to in the literature regarding the relationship between digital transformation, economic development, employment and productivity in the developing world. The implications of those relationships are of significant importance to policymakers regarding how much support should be given to encourage the digital transformation. At the same time, it shall also indicate how much social support policies are required – if any – to lessen the negative impact of digital transformation on the vulnerable groups inside the country. Another contribution is using a single composite index for digital transformation that is comparable across the chosen set of developing countries, instead of using single indices each capturing a different dimension of digital transformation.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals Wpływ kryzysu gospodarczego na przemiany struktur regionalnych Francji

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dorocki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Lehman Brothers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trend Reversal

It is recognized that the financial crisis, which was the symbolic beginning of the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, first hit the most advanced countries. A common phenomenon in European countries has become a trend reversal in the labour market, manifesting a decrease in the number of employees. The decline in employment was almost two times higher in developed countries than in developing countries. In developing countries the crisis hit the hardest into export-oriented industries, while in developed countries, into manufacturing industries and trade. Dismissals in building industry relate to a similar extent to different regions of developed countries and developing countries. Economists note that the economic crisis and the differences in pace of its impact on the economy of individual units reduced in recent years the gap between rich regions and those lagging behind. The study was an attempt to present regional differences in the impact of financial crisis of economy in France on the basis of data characterizing the change in general employment and industry, services and trade. The particular attention was directed to the relationship between the extent of the impact of the crisis on employment size and the degree of economic development.

scholarly journals Money Growth, Inflation, and Causality (Empirical Evidence for Pakistan, 1973-1985)

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Jones ◽  
Nasir M. Khilji
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This paper uses the Granger direct test to evaluate the causal relationship between growth in money supply and inflation in Pakistan. The historical period investigated extends from 1973 to 1985. The results of the test show that money growth had a significant impact on inflation during the period considered. In addition, there is some evidence at hand showing that inflation, too, affected money growth over the 1973- 1985 period. The empirical issue of the impact of money supply on rate of inflation continues to be a much debated topic. For example, Tumovsky and Wohar (1984) do not find any identifiable relationship between money supply and prices over the 1929- 1978 period in the U.S., while Benderly and Zwick (1985) find money supply affecting prices in the U,S, over the 1955-1982 period. Jones and Uri (1986) also find evidence of money supply influencing price level in the U.S. during the 1953- 1984 period. Studies• for other countries, e,g. Driscoll, Ford, and Mullineux (1985) for the U.K., invariably report similar conflicting results about the relationship between money supply and prices. While there are numerous empirical studies that have examined the causal relationship .between money supply and prices in developed countries, there are also several recent studies that have addressed this particular issue for developing countries. In one such study, Aghevli and Khan (1978) use the Haugh-Pierce test to investigate the causal relationship between money growth and inflation in Brazil, Colombia. the Dominican Republic, and Thailand. t The results of the tests show a feedback or bidirectional causality between money and inflation in all the four developing countries over the 1964-1974 period.

scholarly journals The Impact of Learning Organization Practices on Subjective Performance of Employees: The Case of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) of Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Rehman Shah ◽  
Meher Bano ◽  
Shaherbano
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between learning organization practices and subjective performance of employees moderated by employee engagement in in emerging financial markets of Malaysia, Pakistan, and Indonesia. There are identified continuous learning, collaboration and team learning, system to capture learning, empower employees, the connection to organization, strategic leadership, inquiry and dialogue as seven dimensions of learning organization practices. All of them affect more or less the subjective performance of employees in any organization. Research Design: We select the sample of 230 people working in different departments of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) of developing countries; Malaysia, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Data is collected from the concerned organizations. Findings: On empirical basis, the relationship is found highly significant, learning organization is affecting subjective performance of employees with maximum coefficient of β=.681, which means an increase in learning organization practices will affect subjective performance of employees positively in emerging Islamic financial markets of Malaysia, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Practical implications: The study recommends that learning organization practices should be considered to increase the subjective performance of the employees in IFIs of developing countries. Originality/ value: An association between learning organization practices and subjective performance is explored with major concentration on conventional institutions of the developed countries, whereas this study explores the impact of learning organization practices on subjective performance of employees in the case of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) of developing countries.

Sustainability reporting and bank performance after financial crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Buallay ◽  
Sayed M. Fadel ◽  
Jasim Alajmi ◽  
Shahrokh Saudagaran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between sustainability reporting and bank performance after financial crisis in developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach This study examines 882 banks from developed and developing countries covering 11 years after the 2008 financial crisis. The independent variable is environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores. The dependent variables are return on assets, return on equity and Tobin’s Q. This study uses bank- and country-specific control variables to measure the relationship between sustainability reporting and bank performance. Findings The findings deduced from the empirical results demonstrate that ESG improves banks’ accounting and market-based performance in developed countries, supporting value creation theory. Using pooling regression and instrumental variable – generalized method of moments, this study finds that ESG weakens banks’ performance in developed and developing countries. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to investigate and compare the impact of sustainability reporting on banks’ performance in developed and developing countries. The study found similarities in the impact of sustainability reporting and the improvement of banks’ current and future performance.

Export Product Concentration and De Facto Fiscal Space: Does Openness to International Trade matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170092
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Export Product

This paper investigates the relationship between trade and fiscal space by examining whether export product concentration matters for fiscal space, in particular the “De Facto Fiscal Space”. The analysis relies on a panel dataset comprising 145 countries, including both developed and developing countries over the period 1984–2010. The empirical results suggest that on average, countries with a high level of export product concentration tend to experience a greater fiscal space. In particular, the impact of export concentration on fiscal space depends on countries’ level of development, and is higher, the lower the countries’ level of development. In addition, the positive impact of export concentration on fiscal space is higher, the higher the countries’ degree of openness to international trade.

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