scholarly journals Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Sidorova ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

AbstractDespite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

Soil respiration under different agricultural land use types in Croatia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Bilandžija ◽  
Marija Galić ◽  
Željka Zgorelec
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates

<p>In order to mitigate climate change and reduce the anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the Kyoto protocol has been adopted in 1997 and the Paris Agreement entered into force in 2016. The Paris Agreement have ratified 190 out of 197 Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Croatia is one of them as well. Each Party has obliged regularly to submit the national inventory report (NIR) providing the information on the national anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks to the UNFCCC. Reporting under the NIR is divided into six categories / sectors, and one of them is land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, where an issue of uncertainty estimates on carbon emissions and removals occurs. As soil respiration represents the second-largest terrestrial carbon flux, the national studies on soil respiration can reduce the uncertainty and improve the estimation of country-level carbon fluxes. Due to the omission of national data, the members of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of General Agronomy have started to study soil respiration rates in 2012, and since then many different studies on soil respiration under different agricultural land uses (i.e. annual crops, energy crop and vineyard), management practices (i.e. tillage and fertilization) and climate conditions (i.e. continental and mediterranean) in Croatia have been conducted. The obtained site specific results on field measurements of soil carbon dioxide concentrations by <em>in situ</em> closed static chamber method will be presented in this paper.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Modeling: A case study of Dolakha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Spatial Estimation ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Severe Erosion

Abstract Background: Soil erosion causes topsoil loss, which decreases fertility in agricultural land. Spatial estimation of soil erosion essential for an agriculture-dependent country like Nepal for developing its control plans. This study evaluated impacts on Dolakha using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model; analyses the effect of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) on soil erosion. Results: The soil erosion rate categorized into six classes based on the erosion severity, and 5.01% of the areas found under extreme severe erosion risk (> 80 Mg ha-1yr-1) addressed by decision-makers for reducing its rate and consequences. Followed by 10 % classified between high and severe range from 10 to 80 Mg ha-1yr-1. While 15% and 70% of areas remained in a moderate and low-risk zone, respectively. Result suggests the area of the north-eastern part suffers from a high soil erosion risk due to steep slope. Conclusions: The result produces a spatial distribution of soil erosion over Dolakha, which applied for conservation and management planning processes, at the policy level, by land-use planners and decision-makers.

A Brief Political History of South Australian Agriculture

Rural History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON J. FIELKE ◽  
DOUGLAS K. BARDSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract:This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.

scholarly journals LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF LANDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Алимардон Азимзода ◽  
Alimardon Azimzoda
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Adverse Affects

The article focuses on the legal aspects underlying protection and rational use of lands in the Republic of Tajikistan. Subject to analysis are ways of perfection of legal instruments with a view to protection and rational use of lands. The author describes the dehkan (farmer) state of affairs as characterized by the existence of small plots of land which were inefficient in terms of their use and economy. In order to do away with such a situation the legislators of the Republic of Tajikistan suggested to set the minimum size of land plots to be allocated for agricultural purposes. Sanction alone would not prevent irrational land use and adverse affects thereof. For, the objective of rational use and protection of land can be achieved through economic incentives of farmersstakeholders. Particularly, to get the land users interested in exploitation of unused land and make them willing to invest into agricultural development of said lands they should be given these plots and be freed from taxes for the period of first few years.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic aspects of rational use and protection of land resources in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Nahirniak ◽  
R. S. Grabovsky ◽  
M. R. Hrytsyna
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
High Level

The current state of land use in Ukraine is characterized by high agricultural development and land cultivation. The predominant share in the total land stock of Ukraine is occupied by agricultural land (70.8% of the country's territory). Ukraine accounts for about 0.45% of the world land fund, while arable land occupies 2.4% of its world-wide area. According to resource-based indicators of land use Ukraine is also characterized by an extremely high level of development of living space and only about 8% of the territory can be attributed to anthropogenically unchanged. Ecological and economic aspects of land use include of rational land use, which characterizes the optimal involvement of all lands in economic circulation and their effective use for the main purpose, creation of favorable conditions for increasing productivity of agricultural land and obtaining from the unit of area the maximum amount of products at the lowest cost of labor and funds. The article substantiates that degradation of soils has its own characteristics, caused by various factors and processes. It is established that the practice of land use and the state of study of the above problems will require further study of the preconditions for the development of land degradation processes caused by the main factors: human economic activity and climatic and relief-ground conditions. The existing system of land protection in agriculture due to the influence of a number of natural and economic factors, as well as insufficient attention from the state does not ensure their rational use. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to an integrated system of protection of agricultural land.

scholarly journals Public participation in land control: national and foreign experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Rano Turdiboeva ◽  
Matluba Mirzaabdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Land Control

The growth of the world’s population and the rapid development of the economy are leading to an increase in the demand for agricultural products from year to year. This, in turn, increases the demand for limited natural resources - water and land resources, especially land for agricultural purposes. In such a complex environment, the rational and efficient use of land, increasing productivity by improving the reclamation and fertility of the soil is a requirement of the times. The growing demand for land in society makes it necessary to develop and implement measures to protect land. Land protection is closely related to land control, which is ensured by land control. In this study, the study was conducted in terms of public participation in land control in the field of agricultural land use. At the same time, the foreign experience in the field and the national legal framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan were compared. The article also discussed the goals and objectives of land control. The authors have scientifically and legally studied the participation of the public in land control, the advantages, subjects, objects and forms of public control. The article also examines scientific research on land control and public control. As a result of studying the system of legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on land control, the authors systematized the procedures aimed at ensuring public participation in the field. Prospects for the application of foreign experience in the implementation of public land control were also considered. In addition, the scientific and theoretical basis for the rational use of land resources and their protection in achieving the strategic goals of agricultural development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2030 has been developed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FEATURES. CASE STUDY: SECAȘ VILLAGE, TIMIȘ COUNTY (ROMANIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Loredana Copăcean ◽  
Ionut Zisu ◽  
Valentina Mazăre ◽  
Luminiţa Cojocariu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
The North

The soil, regarded as a natural resource, but also as a determinant element of the living standards of rural communities, manly agricultural, may be influenced, directly and indirectly, by the modality of land organizing and use. Starting from this consideration, through this study, the spatial and temporal evolution of land use is being pursued, particularly that of forest areas and wooded grasslands. The goal is to notice the changes that have occurred over a 30-year period and the manner how these changes are reflected on the soil features. The researches presented in this paper have been taking place in the north-eastern hilly area of Timiş County, that area having entirely a rural character. For realizing this study satellite images, topographical and cadastral maps, from different time periods, national and international databases, data from specialty literature were used. To all these we should add direct observations in the field, topographic surveys and information collected from local authorities. The processing of cartographic materials and data and scientific information has been realized with Geographical Information Systems specific applications. The obtained result has been expressed in the form of thematic maps, in graphic form or as statistical analysis. At the level of the analyzed area, the obvious changes in the land use, registered over time, are caused by a number of factors, such as: the organization form, from communist to capitalist policies, leaving agricultural land as fallow ground, reduction in livestock, changing land use etc. All these changes have caused the extension of the wooded grasslands, reduction of arable land, installing inferior forest vegetation in qualitative and quantitative terms etc. As a result, the soil, one of the most important natural resources, is degraded qualitatively, underexploited, and on the other hand, its role as a direct and indirect food producer for local communities is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Modified Index-Overlay Method to Assess Spatial–Temporal Variations of Groundwater Vulnerability and Groundwater Contamination Risk in Areas with Variable Activities of Agriculture Developments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Duc Vu ◽  
Chuen-Fa Ni ◽  
Wei-Ci Li ◽  
Minh-Hoang Truong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Contamination Risk ◽  
Groundwater Basin

The groundwater vulnerability (GV) assessment for contamination is an effective technique for the planning, policy, and decision-making, as well as for sustainable groundwater resource protection and management. The GV depends strongly on local hydrogeological settings and land-use conditions that may vary in response to the activities of agricultural development. In this study, a modified DRASTIC model, which employs an additional factor of land use coupled with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) theory, was used to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of GV and groundwater contamination risk in the Pingtung groundwater basin. The results show that the GV slightly decreased due to the decrease in agricultural areas under the change of land use over two decades (1995–2017). The yearly changes or a shorter period of observations incorporated with the accurate land-use map in DRASTIC parameters could improve GV maps to obtain a better representation of site-specific conditions. Meanwhile, the maps of yearly contamination risk indicated that the counties of Jiuru and Ligang are at high risk of nitrate pollution since 2016. In other agriculture-dominated regions such as Yanpu, Changzhi, and Gaoshu in the Pingtung groundwater basin, the climate conditions influence less the temporal variations of groundwater contamination risk. The results of this study are expected to support policy-makers to adopt the strategies of sustainable development for groundwater resources in local areas.

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