scholarly journals Pollution indicators in groundwater of two agricultural catchments in Lower Silesia (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Lidia Kasperczyk ◽  
Magdalena Modelska ◽  
Stanisław Staśko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
River Catchments ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Neogene Aquifer ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Abstract The article discusses the content and source of mineral nitrogen compounds in groundwater, based on the data collected in two river catchments in two series (spring and autumn 2014). The study area comprises two catchments located in Lower Silesia, Poland - Cicha Woda and Sąsiecznica. Both catchments are characterised agricultural character of development. In the both researched areas, the points of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) are located but only the Cicha Woda area is classified as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). To analyse and compare the contamination of Quaternary and Neogene aquifers, the concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and potassium ions was measured primarily. Results showed the exceedance of nitrogen mineral forms of shallow groundwater Quaternary aquifer in both basins. The concentration of nitrates range from 0.08 to 142.12 mgNO3 −−/dm3 (Cicha Woda) and from 2.6 to 137.65 mg NO3 −−/dm3 (Sąsiecznica). The major source of pollution is probably the intensive agriculture activity. It causes a degradation of the shallow groundwater because of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphates and ammonium contents. There was no observed contamination of anthropogenic origin in the deeper Neogene aquifer of Cicha Woda catchment.

scholarly journals Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Aubert ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
N. Akkal ◽  
M. Faucheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.

scholarly journals The chemical signature of a livestock farming catchment: synthesis from a high-frequency multi-element long term monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 9715-9741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Aubert ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
J. Molénat ◽  
M. Faucheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Assessing the impact of human pressures on water quality is difficult. First, there is a high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity. Second, chemical elements have their own characteristics mixing short and long term dynamics. High frequency, long-term and multi-element measurements are required. But, such data series are scarce. This paper aims at determining what the hydro-chemical particularities of a livestock farming catchment are in a temperate climatic context. It is based on an original and never published time series, from Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment. Stream chemistry was monitored daily and shallow groundwater roughly every four month, for 10 yr and five elements (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon). The five elements present strong but different seasonal patterns. Nitrate and chloride present a seasonal flush, all along or at the beginning of the wet season, respectively. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon present storm flushes, with constant or decreasing peaks throughout the wet season. These depicted nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of a livestock farming catchment. There, nitrate and chloride coming from organic fertilisation have been accumulating over years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally flushed when the groundwater connects to the stream. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon patterns do not seem specific to agricultural catchments. These elements are produced each year and flushed by storms. Finally, a generic classification of temporal patterns and elements is established for agricultural catchments. It is based on the distance of the source component to the stream and the dominant controlling process (accumulation versus production). This classification could be applied to any chemical element and help assessing the level of water disturbances.

scholarly journals Sources, Influencing Factors, and Pollution Process of Inorganic Nitrogen in Shallow Groundwater of a Typical Agricultural Area in Northeast China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3292
Author(s):  
Xinqiang Du ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
Min Fang ◽  
Xueyan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain

As one of the largest agricultural areas, the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China has faced serious inorganic nitrogen pollution of groundwater, but the sources and the formation mechanism of pollution in the regional shallow groundwater remain unclear, which constrains the progress of pollution control and agricultural development planning. An investigation on potential nitrogen sources, groundwater inorganic nitrogen compounds (NH4+, NO3−, NO2−), and topsoil total nitrogen concentration (TN) was conducted in a typical paddy irrigation area of Sanjiang Plain. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with geospatial-based assessment was applied to identify the sources, determine the governing influencing factors, and analyze the formation process of inorganic nitrogen compounds in shallow groundwater. The results show that the land use type, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), groundwater depth, NO2− concentration, and electrical conductivity (EC) are highly correlated with the NO3− pollution in groundwater, while DO and Eh affected the distribution of NH4+ most; the high concentrations of NO3− in sampling wells are most likely to be found in the residential land and are distributed mainly in densely populated areas, whereas the NH4+ compounds are most likely to accumulate in the paddy field or the lands surrounded by paddy field and reach the highest level in the northwest of the area, where the fields were cultivated intensively with higher fertilization rates and highest values of topsoil TN. From the results, it can be concluded that that the NO3− compounds in groundwater originated from manure and domestic waste and accumulated in the oxidizing environment, while the NH4+ compounds were derived from N fertilization and remained steady in the reducing environment. NO2− compounds in groundwater were the immediate products of nitrification as a result of microorganism activities.

The Protected Area of Hanford as a Refugium for Native Plants and Animals

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gray ◽  
William H. Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Environmental Monitoring Programme

The US Department of Energy's Hanford Site, by virtue of its large size of 1,450 km2 (560 mi2) and conservative use of undeveloped land, provides a sanctuary for plant and animal populations that have been eliminated from, or greatly reduced on, surrounding areas primarily as a result of decades of intensive agriculture. This paper describes Hanford Site biota with emphasis on fishes and other animal wildlife that are currently surveyed as part of a continuing environmental monitoring programme.

Sources and behaviour of nitrogen compounds in the shallow groundwater of agricultural areas (Poyang Lake basin, China)

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Soldatova ◽  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Zhanxue Sun ◽  
Valeriy Bychinsky ◽  
Pascal Boeckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Poyang Lake Basin ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Advances in Biosensor Application for Environmental Monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xing Yao ◽  
Yong Fang Zhang ◽  
Da Wei Fan ◽  
Xiao Dong Xin ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Biosensor Application

A review is provided dealing with the definitions and classifications of biosensors, as well as their basic working principles. Then, their applications to the environmental monitoring, which include the monitor of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), bacterial count and various organic and inorganic pollutants, e.g. nitrogen compounds, heavy metal ions, organophosphorus pesticides, phenolic compounds, toxic compounds, carcinogens, teratogens, benzenes, sulfur dioxide, aldehydes and ethanols are presented. In the end, some suggestions were given with respect to the current problems of biosensors and the future applications of biosensors were also discussed.

An evaluation of naturally occurring fixed ammonium in soils

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Freney
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Fixation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

1.Fixed ammonium could be completely recovered from clay minerals by leaching small amounts of clay with large volumes of salt solutions (containing the cations but not K+, Rb+, or Cs+), but no clay fixed ammonium could be found in soils when analysed by this technique.2. It is suggested that ammonium fixation is largely a laboratory phenomenon caused by the use of extractants containing potassium ions which trap exchangeable ammonium, or the use of reagents which decompose organic nitrogen compounds.

Assessing the role of colloidal phosphorus delivery processes in groundwater-fed agricultural catchments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maelle Fresne ◽  
Phil Jordan ◽  
Karen Daly ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Per-Erik Mellander
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Colloidal Fraction

<p>Soil colloids with high sorbing capacities can enhance transport of phosphorus (P) from soils to groundwater and the delivery of P to surface water via groundwater pathways. However, only particulate and dissolved P fractions are generally monitored at the catchment scale.</p><p>To add important insights into the particulate to dissolved P concentration spectrum in the soil-water environment, the role of colloidal P delivery processes to surface water was studied in two agricultural catchments. The catchments were dominated by belowground pathways but had contrasting land use (arable and grassland). Particulate, coarse colloidal (0.20 – 0.45 μm) and finer colloidal (< 0.20 μm) P fractions were monitored along hillslopes in the free soil solution, shallow groundwater and stream water on a weekly basis for background characterisation and at higher frequency during rainfall events. An automated sampler was deployed in the stream and an automated, low-flow and low-disturbance sampler was developed to sample groundwater. Multi-parameter probes were also deployed to monitor stream water and shallow groundwater physico-chemical parameters. Stream discharge was measured at high frequency using a flow velocimeter in order to quantify P loads, apportion hydrological pathways and study concentration-discharge hysteresis.</p><p>Preliminary findings showed higher background P and unreactive P concentrations in the stream and groundwater in the grassland catchment. In the arable catchment (rainfall event in June 2019) P was mainly lost through deeper baseflow (92% of the total event flow) as reactive P in the finer colloidal fraction (0.070 mg P/ha) and only a small fraction lost as particulate unreactive P (0.008 mg P/ha). In the grassland catchment (rainfall event in October 2019), P was mainly lost through quickflow (37% of the total flow) even tough deeper baseflow was also important (33%). Losses were mainly reactive P in the finer colloidal fraction (13.6 mg P/ha) but also as unreactive P (4.5 mg P/ha). Concentration-discharge hysteresis suggested a smaller and easily mobilised P source in the arable catchment and a larger P source, followed by the mobilisation of a second but smaller source via a second hydrological surface pathway in the grassland catchment.</p><p>Further monitoring campaigns during more rainfall events in the grassland catchment are required to better understand colloidal P delivery and the spatial/temporal dynamics between rainfall events in relation to soil conditions and rainfall patterns. This will help to better target mitigations measures according to P species and fractions, hydrological flowpaths, and rainfall patterns – important in the context of a changing climate.</p>

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