Intergeneric hybidization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with spiny plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.)

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (72) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Miroslava Hristova-Cherbadzhi
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Generation Hybrid ◽  
Heterosis Breeding

AbstractCarduus acanthoides L (spiny plumeless thistle) a biannual wild species with 2n = 22 chromosomes was crossed with Helianthus annuus L. When crossing, pollen from C. acanthoides germinated and pollinated the stigmas of sunflower lines HA 89A after 48 h. The crossability rate was low, but seeds and hybrid plants were obtained. The F1 plants strongly resembled the cultivated sunflower with the most important bio-morphological characters, even though they had an intermediate type of heritability. The hybrid nature was confirmed by RAPD markers. The polymorphism between H. annuus, C. acanthoides, and their F1 hybrids was studied using RAPD. The result showed introgression of C. acanthoides in the hybrid progeny. It was established that the wild species carried Rf genes for the CMS PET-1. After self-pollination and sib-pollination of the F1 plants and back-crossing with cultivated sunflower, F2, BC1 and next generation hybrid progenies were obtained. The investigation encompassed the period 2000–2007 and 2014–2018. Some of the new lines have been included in a heterosis breeding program for developing hybrids for the sunflower market.

NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES AND CARDUUS NUTANS IN ONTARIO

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
G. A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Gametic Selection ◽  
Generation Hybrid

A survey was made of the occurrence of natural hybrids between two species of introduced thistles, Carduus acanthoides L. var. acanthoides and C. nutans L. var. nutans, in Grey County, Ontario. The population of one field was studied in detail. Specimens were taken and their morphological variation was evaluated by means of a hybrid index. These species have different chromosome numbers: C. acanthoidcs L., 2n = 22; C. nutans L., 2n = 16. All the intervening numbers were found in the hybrids. There is a clear correlation between chromosome number and hybrid index: plants with the chromosome number of a first generation hybrid have an index intermediate between those of the parental species. The chromosome numbers of seedlings raised from seed collected from hybrid plants were determined. It was found that seedlings with the number 2n = 22 were much more frequent than those with other numbers. It is suggested that both ecological and gametic selection are acting in this area to favor production and survival of plants with the chromosome number and morphology of C. acanthoides.

Study of genetic diversity in wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) germplasm collection using morphological characters and RAPD markers

Biologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Patamsytė ◽  
Donatas Žvingila ◽  
Juozas Labokas ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Laimutė Balčiūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

Assessment of genetic variability among selected species of Apocynaceae

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Anna Iqbal ◽  
Nazia Nazar ◽  
Ishrat Naveed ◽  
Bilal Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana

AbstractFamily Apocynaceae is an economically important family grown as ornamental plants and many wild species have medicinal uses as well. The aim of the present study was to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among the selected individuals of Apocynaceae. For this purpose, three species of different genera of Apocynaceae, Thevetia peruviana, Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus, were collected from Rawalpindi and Quaid-i-Azam University forest, Islamabad. To evaluate the level of polymorphism within the species and members of different species, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used. A series of OPC RAPD primers were used; only six primers of OPC series gave amplification. Highest genetic variation at interspecific and intraspecific levels was shown by OPC 9 and the lowest polymorphism was observed in OPC 4. The data was analyzed by using software Statistica 5.5. In total 105 monomorphic and 272 polymorphic bands were produced from all primers. Therefore, out of 322 amplified products, 26% were monomorphic and 68% were polymorphic. Low genetic diversification was observed both at intraspecific and interspecific level. At the molecular level Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus (subfamily Plumerioideae) appeared in a group and Thevetia peruviana (subfamily Rauvolfoideae) formed another group, confirming the classification based on morphological characters.

scholarly journals Ascochyta fabae and A. lentis: Host Specificity, Teleomorphs (Didymella), Hybrid Analysis, and Taxonomic Status

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kaiser ◽  
B.-C. Wang ◽  
J. D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Isolates of Ascochyta fabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae.

scholarly journals Detecting DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in a wide pistachio germplasm by RAPD markers

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-798
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Qian ◽  
Shahram Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability

Assessing the genetic diversity in the population is the prerequisite to start and develop plant breeding projects. Pistacia vera is considered as a commercial species of Pistacia genus. In Iran, Pistachio export is in the second place in terms of non-oil exports and in the first place among horticultural crops. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 11 pistachio genotype (Pistacia vera), from two provinces of Iran regions. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Akbari cultivars depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.028. Shannon information was high (0.49) in Seifadini cultivars. Akbari cultivars howed the lowest value, 0.029. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.261 to 2.700 in Shahpasand cultivars and Kalehghoochi cultivars. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.021-1.800 for Akbari cultivars and Moosaabadi cultivars .Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.38) in pistachio cultivars. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.33, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in pistachio cultivars.

MONITORING OF BLACK CURRANT VARIETIES RESISTANCE TO COLUMNAR RUST

1970 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
А. Yu. Bakhotskaya ◽  
S. D. Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Variety Testing

As a result of the studies, we found that the bulk of the studied black currant varieties are more or less susceptible to columnar rust. Both derivatives of the European, Siberian subspecies and dikusha currant and species obtained with usage Scandinavian subspecies are characterized by high sensibility to this disease. In the European zone the most widespread and harmful are the fungal diseases of black currant - septoriosis, anthracnose, powdery mildew. Substantial damage to this culture plantations is caused by epiphytoty which repeated every three to four years. In contrast to American mildew, columnar rust intensely affects plants during the mass ripening of berries, which makes it difficult to carry out protective measures. The most effective method for solving this problem was the remote hybridization which is participation of wild species with the necessary characteristics, but their involvement leads to deceleration of the selection process, as apart from the necessary characteristics they have those that reduce the value of hybrid progeny, and it takes several hybrid generations to achieve the necessary results. In the Institute on the base on disjoining of hybrid progeny was established the oligogenic nature of the inheritance of resistance to columnar rust in currant derivatives. It was revealed that it confers immunity to columnar rust in addition combines immunity with American powdery mildew. As a result, the Re gene was identified, as well as Kipian and Gamma varieties, which are actively used as immunity donors. Assessment of varieties for resistance to diseases and pests was carried out in the areas of primary variety testing according to the methodology for the study of fruit, berry and nut-bearing crops.

scholarly journals Survey of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes in Brazil using RAPD markers

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.C. Lima ◽  
D. Návia ◽  
P.W. Inglis ◽  
M.R.V. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
B Biotype

In 1991, the poinsettia strain, silverleaf whitefly or B biotype of Bemisia tabaci was detected in Brazil. This variant is a far more serious agricultural pest than the previously prevalent non-B (BR) biotype. The correct identification of B. tabaci is problematic since it is highly polymorphic with extreme plasticity in key morphological characters that vary according to the host. RAPD-PCR was used to survey the B biotype and other biotypes of B. tabaci in Brazil. Whiteflies were collected from cultivated plants and weeds from 57 different localities and on 27 distinct crops. RAPD analyses using two selected 10-mer primers reliably identified the BR biotype and the B biotype of B. tabaci and also differentiated other whitefly species. The presence of the B biotype was confirmed in 20 Brazilian states. The BR and B biotypes of B. tabaci were found to coexist in the whitefly populations of three different localities: Jaboticabal, SP; Rondonópolis and Cuiabá, MT, and Goiânia, GO.

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